复合特异性卵黄抗体对18～28日龄犊牛生长、腹泻和免疫力的影响

本文旨在饲粮中添加复合特异性卵黄抗体(Ig Y)探究其对18~28日龄犊牛生长、腹泻和免疫力的影响。选取初生中国荷斯坦公犊牛20头,10日龄之前饲喂鲜奶,之后随机分为2组,对照(CON)组饲喂基础饲粮;试验(IGY)组在基础饲粮中日添加45 mg/kg BW的复合特异性Ig Y。预试期为犊牛11~17日龄,期间进行代乳品过渡,正试期为18~28日龄。分别于犊牛18和28日龄晨饲前称重,每天记录犊牛采食量并进行粪便评分。试验结束当天(28日龄)晨饲前颈静脉采血,测定血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性以及免疫球蛋白、一氧化氮(NO)、溶菌酶(LZM)浓度。结果表明:饲粮添加复合特异性Ig Y虽然对犊牛平均日增重和料重比无显著影响(P0.05),却有助于降低犊牛的粪便评分和腹泻率,作用显著(P0.05);IGY组较CON组极显著提高了犊牛血清中免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)和免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)的浓度(P0.01),分别提高7.19%、5.71%和8.50%;IGY组T-AOC极显著高于CON组(P0.01),而NO浓度却显著低于CON组(P0.05);IGY组血清LZM浓度极显著低于CON组(P0.01),复合特异性Ig Y对血清AKP活性却无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮中添加复合特异性Ig Y通过提高犊牛免疫球蛋白浓度和抗氧化能力以及发挥Ig Y本身抗原抗体反应,增强犊牛免疫能力和抵抗外界应激能力,降低了腹泻率,促进了犊牛健康。     

体细胞克隆太湖猪出生

以中国太湖猪胎儿成纤维细胞为核供体,以体外成熟卵母细胞为核受体,以杜洛克猪为代孕母猪,进行了太湖猪体细胞克隆技术的研究,成功地获得了首例体细胞克隆太湖猪仔猪.经微卫星DNA多态性鉴定,确定克隆猪来自供核细胞,与代孕母猪无亲缘关系.本研究将为体细胞克隆技术在我国太湖猪育种、建立人类疾病模型等研究方面提供可行的技术方法.     

不同蛋白质水平代乳粉对牦犊牛体重及血清生化指标的影响

为探究西藏地区牦牛代乳粉哺育犊牛的适宜蛋白质水平,本试验以藏区高山牦牛为研究对象,研究不同蛋白水平对哺乳期牦犊牛的体重和血清学指标的影响,以筛选出蛋白质水平最佳的代乳粉。选取40头新生当雄县牦犊牛,随机分为4组(n=10):对照组犊牛随母牦牛哺乳(CON),试验组犊牛分别饲喂蛋白水平为21.95%低蛋白组(LP)、24.28%中蛋白组(MP)和26.11%高蛋白组(HP)3种牦牛代乳品。饲喂时间为犊牛30～90d日龄,期间跟踪测定犊牛体重,并分别在30、60和90d日龄采集血清进行分析。结果表明:饲喂3种代乳粉的犊牛体重均显著高于对照组(P0.001),120d日龄时HP组犊牛体重达到最高值;3种代乳粉对犊牛血清抗氧化指标和免疫指标产生一定的影响,其中HP组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性有高于LP组的趋势(0.05P0.1),且HP组丙二醛含量及肿瘤坏死因子a较其他3组低,而免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性均较其他3组高。综合分析显示在西藏地区蛋白水平为26%的牦牛代乳粉饲喂哺乳期牦犊牛的效果较好。     

复合乳酸菌和酵母菌对新生犊牛免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

选择体况相同、体质量(36±2.53) kg、3日龄内的中国荷斯坦母犊牛40头,随机分为4组,每组10头,即空白组(D组)、乳酸菌组(L组)、乳酸菌+酵母菌组(LS组)、酵母菌组(S组).在试验期内,4组犊牛均全程饲喂代乳粉,LS、L和S组分别添加复合益生菌,D组不添加,试验期45 d.结果 表明:与试验1d相比,45...     

Effects of plane of nutrition on slaughtering traits and meat characteristics in Murrah graded male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves in Nepal

An experiment was conducted using 17 male buffalo calves to assess the effects of plane of nutrition on slaughtering traits and meat characteristics. To attain 250 kg body weight (BW), the calves were allocated into three groups: high (H), low‐high (L‐H) and low (L) corresponding to concentrate levels receiving the concentrate at 1.50% of BW, 0.75% of BW until 190 kg BW and 1.50% thereafter, and 0.75% of BW, respectively. The animals had ad libitum access to urea‐treated rice straw. No significant differences of hot carcass weight, dressing percentage and lean fat–bone yields were observed among the treatment groups. The L group had heavier brisket weight and lower percentage of round weight in the hot carcass than the H and L‐H groups (P < 0.05). The H group had heavier hearts than the L group, and the H and L‐H groups had heavier livers and kidneys than the L group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference of rib eye area, pH and the contents of moisture, crude protein and fat in loin meat among the groups. The findings indicated that the effects of plane of nutrition affected the weight or percentages of some cut yields in the hot carcasses and internal organs.     

液体饲料pH值对荷斯坦公犊血气指标的调控

【目的】哺乳期犊牛胃肠道功能尚未健全,对日粮的消化能力不足,易导致腹泻等营养性疾病的发生,降低成活率。实施早期断奶的哺乳期犊牛日粮以液体的代乳品为主,其酸度对犊牛健康有着比成年牛更加重要的影响,但目前犊牛血气指标变化的规律、正常值范围等数据仍不成体系,无法判别日粮酸度是否适宜。本研究以48头新生荷斯坦公犊牛研究液体饲料pH值对哺乳期犊牛血气指标的影响,探索犊牛血气指标的变化规律。【方法】采用2×4因子设计,2种代乳品,其植物蛋白占总蛋白比例分别为50%和80%,代乳品乳液pH值分别调整为6.2、5.5、5.0、4.5,共计8个处理组。将48头新生荷斯坦公犊随机分配到上述8个组中,分别饲喂上述代乳品乳液。试验期63 d,其中预试期21d,正试期42 d。每两周测定犊牛体重,每日记录代乳品和颗粒料的采食量;在21、49 d抽取全血检测血液pH值、二氧化碳分压（pCO2）、氧气分压（pO2）、氧饱和度（SO2）、[HCO3-]浓度（HCO3-）、实际剩余碱量（ABE）、总二氧化碳量（TCO2）、标准碳酸氢盐浓度（SBC）和标准剩余碱（SBE）。采用SAS软件GLM或MIXED模型对生长性能或血气指标进行统计分析,以REG模型建立血气指标与代乳品乳液pH值之间的相关关系式,以正态分布检验血气指标的变化。【结果】降低代乳品乳液pH值可提高犊牛平均日增重（P＜0.05）;代乳品乳液pH值对犊牛血液pO2、SO2、HCO3-、ABE、TCO2、SBC和SBE皆有极显著的影响（P＜0.01）,对血液pH值、pCO2也具有影响趋势;随着代乳品乳液pH值的降低,犊牛血液pH值、pCO2、pO2、SO2、HCO3-、TCO2呈现出二次曲线变化规律（P＜0.05）,R2分别达到0.9201、0.8481、0.8600、0.9445、0.8631、0.8141,ABE、SBC和SBE则呈现出直线型改变（P＜0.05）,R2分别为0.9060、0.8126、0.8298。血液pH值和pCO2随日龄变化有显著改变（P＜0.05）;除HCO3-、ABE、SBE外,其他血气指标符合正态分布规律（P＞0.05）。代乳品中植物蛋白占总蛋白的比例由50%提高到80%时,犊牛平均日增重和干物质采食量降低,但血气指标并未受到影响（P＞0.05）。 【结论】随代乳品乳液pH值的降低,21-63 d犊牛血液HCO3-、ABE、TCO2、SBC、SBE显著降低,可作为评价日粮酸度效果的敏感指标。     

犊牛功能性饲料添加剂的研制及其应用效果

研究2种功能性饲料添加剂对犊牛增重、血液生化指标和养分消化率的影响。选取健康状况良好、体重差异较小的中国西门塔尔杂交犊牛18头,将其分为3组,即对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每组6头牛。对照组牛被喂以牛场现行日粮,在牛场现行日粮中分别加20 g牛膝制剂和20 g BEM复配剂后,相应地饲喂试验1组和试验2组的牛。饲养试验期35 d。结果表明,试验2组(BEM复配剂组)犊牛增重显著地(P0.05)快于对照组;试验1组(牛膝制剂组)犊牛增重与对照组比较,有加快的趋势。试验1和2组犊牛血清中GPT活性、TG含量分别显著地(P0.05)和极显著地(P0.01)低于对照组;试验1和2组犊牛血清中TP、Ig G含量分别显著地(P0.05)和极显著地(P0.01)高于对照组。在犊牛日粮中添加BEM复配剂,可显著地(P0.05)或极显著地(P0.01)提高犊牛对无氮浸出物、粗纤维、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷的消化率。牛膝制剂和BEM复配剂都可作为肉用犊牛的功能性饲料添加剂,其中后者应用效果更好。     

Cloned calves derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos cultured in chemically defined medium or modified synthetic oviduct fluid

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is considered to be a critical tool for propagating valuable animals. To determine the productivity calves resulting from embryos derived with different culture media, enucleated oocytes matured in vitro were reconstructed with fetal fibroblasts, fused, and activated. The cloned embryos were cultured in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) or a chemically defined medium (CDM) and developmental competence was monitored. After 7 days of culturing, the blastocysts were transferred into the uterine horn of estrus-synchronized recipients. SCNT embryos that were cultured in mSOF or CDM developed to the blastocysts stages at similar rates (26.6% vs. 22.5%, respectively). A total of 67 preimplantational stage embryos were transferred into 34 recipients and six cloned calves were born by caesarean section, or assisted or natural delivery. Survival of transferred blastocysts to live cloned calves in the mSOF and the CDM was 18.5% (to recipients), 9.6% (to blastocysts) and 42.9% (to recipients), 20.0% (to blastocysts), respectively. DNA analysis showed that all cloned calves were genetically identical to the donor cells. These results demonstrate that SCNT embryos cultured in CDM showed higher viability as judged by survival of the calves that came to term compared to blastocysts derived from mSOF cultures.     

Study on adherent precursors from human cord blood

AIM: To confirm the existence of the endothelial progenitor cells in human cord blood and to study its differentiation and development process. METHODS: The mononuclear cells in human cord blood were isolated using lymphocyte separation solution. Then the mononuclear cells were cltured in MCDB131 containing 20% fetal bovine serum. The effects of 5 μmol/L dexamethasone, the extract from bovine brain, insulin and hypoxanine on the proliferation and differentiation of the adherent cells were observed. The morphology of the adherent cells were examined twice daily by inverted phase contrast microscope. CD34 and CD14 expression were determined by FACS. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the expression of factor Ⅷ. RESULTS: The proliferative endothelial progenitor cells existed within the CD34^-adherent mononuclear cells of human cord blood. Dexamethasone and hypoxanine decreased the number of spindle-shaped cells and caudated cells. Bovine brain extract, insulin and FCS enhanced the number of spindle-shaped cells and caudated cells. CONCLUSION: The existence of endothelial progenitor cells within the CD34 - adherent monouclear cells of the human cord blood was observed and these cells were able to differentiate into endothelial-like cells in vitro.     

Study on the hypoglycemic activities and metabolism of alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma

The Alisma rhizoma is widely used in the therapy of diabetes in traditional folk medicine of China. Compositional analysis of the alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma (AEA) revealed that the eight compounds gotten from AEA are all belonging to protostane-type triterpenes. The AEA and compounds were incubated with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, glucose level in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes culture medium and lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured, and analysis of alpha-glucosidase inhibition of AEA and compounds. At the same time, the uptake of AEA by 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the metabolism of AEA in SD rats were analyzed by HPLC-ESI/MS. As result, AEA increased glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocyte model, not increase adipogenesis; AEA inhibited alpha-glucosidase activity; alisol A-24-aceate (8) was absorbed by 3T3-L1 adipocytes; and two compounds were detected in blood and three were detected in urine in SD rats. So AEA had protostane-type triterpenes, these type compounds in AEA may have hypoglycemic activity via inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity and promotion of glucose uptake. In contrast to the anti-diabetic drug thiazolidinediones, they did not induce adipogenesis, avoiding the displeased effects of rosiglitazone.