土壤容重对床土水分特性和人参生长的影响

本文以容重处理的田间和微区床土进行了栽参试验研究。结果表明,土壤容重对床土持水性影响很大,改变床土孔性,使有效水和无效水分布发生变化;适当增加床土容重,有助于人参生长,提高人参表观品质,与最低床土容重处理相比,田间试验4年生和5年生人参单株增重率分别为8.3％和46.4％,微区试验3年生人参单株增重率为44％左右。     

液—液循环流化床液滴形成特性研究

基于图像采集与处理方法对液-液循环流化床液滴形成特性进行了实验研究,提出了形成液滴的3种液-液雾化方式,考察了液-液雾化方式与射流长度脉动、液滴粒径分布的相关性,获得了液-液雾化方式的转变规律以及雾化强度、射流长度脉动和液滴粒径分布基于相对雷诺数的变化规律.结果表明,雾化过程与相对雷诺数密切相关,随着相对雷诺数的增加,雾化强度持续增强,液-液雾化方式由滴流型向层流射流型转变,最后发展为湍流射流型;在整个相对雷诺数实验范围内,射流长度的脉动表现出随机和非周期的特点,其标准方差与平均值的变化规律基本一致,在相对雷诺数为1.3×104时达到最大值;液滴的粒径分布参数一直增大到湍流射流型雾化阶段,在相对雷诺数为2.5 ×104时,液滴的粒径均匀性最好,而液滴平均粒径总体上随相对雷诺数的增大不断减小,形成液滴的最小平均粒径发生在湍流射流型雾化阶段.     

KRH-Ⅱ型智能固态微生物发酵成套装置的研制

以机械结构优化设计为基础,运用pH值、水分活度(湿度)、发酵温度等参数检测手段,结合模糊控制、神经网络以及多变量系统的解耦控制等多种智能控制方法,研究实现发酵过程多变量解耦的模糊神经网络控制技术,设计出一种从液体制种到灭菌、接种、混合、发酵、干燥和包装新概念的固态成套发酵装置.实际应用结果表明:固态发酵的快速灭菌、快速冷却、过程多参数信息调控与过程优化技术,大大提高了固态发酵设备机械化和自动化程度.     

水稻沟箱栽培技术在高海拔地区的应用效果综述

水稻沟箱栽培技术是利川市在水稻半旱式栽培技术的基础上进行总结简化,解决水田＂冷、烂、毒＂矛盾,提高水稻单产的主要技术措施,在利川市推广应用增产效果明显。     

Assessment of a point‐of‐care cardiac troponin I test to differentiate cardiac from noncardiac causes of respiratory distress in dogs

Objectives – To (1) determine a reference interval for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) using a point‐of‐care device in normal dogs and compare the results with those published by the manufacturer and (2) determine if cTnI differs among dogs with cardiogenic and noncardiogenic respiratory distress. Design – Prospective observational study. Setting – Emergency and referral veterinary hospital. Animals – Twenty‐six clinically normal dogs and 67 dogs in respiratory distress. Interventions – All dogs underwent whole blood sampling for cTnI concentrations. Measurements and Results – Normal dogs had a median cTnI concentration of 0.03 ng/mL (range 0–0.11 ng/mL). Thirty‐six dogs were diagnosed with noncardiogenic respiratory distress with a median cTnI concentration of 0.14 ng/mL (range 0.01–4.31 ng/mL). Thirty‐one dogs were diagnosed with cardiogenic respiratory distress with a median cTnI concentration of 1.74 ng/mL (range 0.05–17.1 ng/mL). A significant difference between cTnI concentrations in normal dogs and dogs with noncardiogenic respiratory distress was not detected. Significant differences in cTnI concentrations were found between normals versus cardiogenic and cardiogenic versus noncardiogenic respiratory distress groups. Significant differences in cTnI concentrations were identified in >10 when compared with the <5 and the 5–10 years of age groups. Receiver operating curve analysis identified cTnI concentrations >1.5 ng/mL as the optimal “cut‐off point” having a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 51.5%. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.72. Overall test accuracy was 65%. Conclusions – cTnI concentrations were significantly increased in dogs with cardiogenic respiratory distress versus dogs with noncardiogenic respiratory distress and normal dogs. A significant difference between normal dogs and dogs with noncardiogenic causes of respiratory distress was detected. Although highly sensitive when cTnI concentrations exceed 1.5 ng/mL, the test has low specificity. Assessment of cTnI by the methodology used cannot be recommended as the sole diagnostic modality for evaluating the cause of respiratory distress in dogs.     

不同栽培模式对金盏花植株养分积累和色素含量的影响

研究在平作漫灌、垄作沟灌2种灌水方式及4 200、3 600、3 000 m3/hm 3种灌水量的不同栽培模式条件下,金盏花植株氮、磷、钾养分积累和色素含量的变化.结果表明:在相同灌水量下金盏花垄作沟灌植株积累的氮、磷、钾积累量较传统方式的少,垄作沟灌3 600 m3/hm2的氮、磷、钾积累量在垄作沟灌处理中最大,且在主要收获期色素含量较高,表明垄作沟灌有利于营养元素运送到花朵中以提高色素的含量,改善金盏花的加工品质.     

模拟垄沟灌溉土壤水分入渗特性试验研究

采用土箱进行模拟垄沟灌溉入渗试验,探索垄沟灌溉条件下土壤水分的入渗特性.研究结果表明:垄沟灌溉入渗时,湿润锋水平方向与垂直方向的运移距离与入渗时间呈幂函数正相关,其垂向运移距离明显大干一般沟灌;灌水时沟中与垄坡剖面的含水率迅速增加,再分布过程中在水平向水势梯度的作用下垄上剖面的含水率也不断增加,适当减小垄宽可以减少灌溉...     

造林学与水土保持学专家侯庆春研究员

侯庆春先生，研究员。1943年出生于吉林省吉林市，1965年毕业于东北林学院林学系，同年分配到中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所工作至今。30多年来一直在黄土高原从事森林生态学和造林学方面的研究工作，研究领域涉及到黄土高原造林的诸多领域，先后对黄土高原林草地土壤水分特征及区域分布、飞机播种造林种草技术，抗旱防风集流造林技术，区域林业、小流域综合治理，低产林改造等方面进行了深入系统的研究。     

南方红豆杉扦插繁殖技术研究——Ⅰ.基质、季节与生物措 施对扦插繁殖的影响

试验研究基质、季节和生物措施对南方红豆杉扦插生根、扦插苗生长和叶绿素含量的影响结果表明,以河沙和珍珠岩按8∶2混配苗床基质最佳,其绿苗率、生根率及成苗率分别为86 .0 %、84 .3%和81.7% ,显著高于其他3种苗床基质;其次为河沙和火烧土混配苗床基质>黄土>单一河沙苗床基质。季节和生物措施效应显示第4季度为扦插最佳时期,扦插效果显著优于其他季节,且扦插后拌种黄豆显著优于未拌种黄豆对照组     

The status of atmospheric concentrations of ammonia in an intensive dairy farming area in central Japan

(pp. 41–46)
Silicon availability in 36 commercial nursery bed soils was evaluated by four methods the phosphate buffer (pH 6.2, 40 mmol L⁻¹), incubation, supernatant and acetate buffer (pH 4.0, 1 mol L⁻¹) Methods. The influence of silicon availability in the nursery bed soils on the silicon uptake of rice Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore seedlings and the effect of silicon fertilizer application were examined in a glass house in 2002.
The results revealed that the best correlation between silicon content in rice seedlings and available silicon in soils was obtained with the phosphate buffer-solution method ( r  = 0.86). More precise evaluation of available silicon was achieved by grouping soils based on these phosphate absorption coefficients (PAC). The correlation coefficients between silicon content in rice seedlings and available silicon in soils were 0.92 and 0.72 for volcanic soils (PAC > 1500) and non volcanic soils (PAC < 1500), respectively.
We concluded that the phosphate buffer method is the most easily adjusted method for estimation of silicon availability in nursery bed soils, and silicon fertilizers should be applied when silicon availability in non-volcanic nursery bed soils goes below 200 mg kg⁻¹, whereas the level is less than 350 mg kg⁻¹ in volcanic soils.