Evaluation of chlorfenapyr for control of the bed bug,Cimex lectularius L.

BACKGROUND: The presence of bed bug populations resistant to pyrethroids demands the development of new control tactics, including the use of insecticides with new modes of action. Insecticides that disrupt oxidative phosphorylation in insect mitochondria can be an option. Laboratory assays were used to measure the toxicity of chlorfenapyr to susceptible strains and two strains highly resistant to pyrethroids. The effectiveness of two chlorfenapyr‐based formulations was compared, and behavioral responses of bed bugs to dry residues of aerosol sprays were evaluated. RESULTS: Chlorfenapyr was effective against all bed bug strains, killing them at a similar rate, regardless of their susceptibility status to pyrethroids. Dry residues aged for 4 months were as toxic as fresh dry residues. The aerosol formulation had contact activity and caused faster mortality than a water‐based formulation. Bed bugs did not avoid resting on surfaces treated with aerosol. CONCLUSION: Chlorfenapyr is an option for controlling pyrethroid‐resistant bed bugs. While it does not cause quick knockdown, its long residual activity and no avoidance behavior of bed bugs to dry residues appear to make this insecticide suitable for bed bug control. A faster insecticidal effect is obtained with the aerosol formulation, suggesting greater bioavailablity of the toxicant. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

河西灌区田间固定道保护性耕作下作物轮作模式效益评价

在甘肃河西走廊,通过田间试验结合入户调研的方式,运用综合评价的方法,对基于固定道保护性农业的7种轮作模式进行了分析。结果表明：小麦-加工型甜椒-玉米经济效益最好,净收益、产投比和单方水产值分别为1.52×10⁴元·hm^-2、2.00和5.39元·m^-3;小麦-啤酒大麦-小麦劳动生产率最高,达240.2元·人^-1·a^-1,社会效益在所有轮作模式中也相对最好;小麦-油葵-啤酒大麦区域水资源安全保障度、水分能量生产效率、热量利用率分别为1.83、2.07×10⁴ kJ·m^-3和66.12%,生态效益最好;综合效益相对较好的4种轮作模式分别为小麦-加工型甜椒-玉米、小麦-马铃薯-小麦、小 麦-玉米-玉米和小麦-针叶豌豆-小麦。兼顾考虑固定道保护性农业系统的稳定性维护,小麦-加工型甜椒-玉米、小麦-玉米-玉米和小麦-针叶豌豆-小麦三种轮作模式更适宜在固定道保护性农业技术体系中进行应用和推广。     

模拟垄沟灌溉土壤水分入渗特性试验研究

采用土箱进行模拟垄沟灌溉入渗试验,探索垄沟灌溉条件下土壤水分的入渗特性.研究结果表明:垄沟灌溉入渗时,湿润锋水平方向与垂直方向的运移距离与入渗时间呈幂函数正相关,其垂向运移距离明显大干一般沟灌;灌水时沟中与垄坡剖面的含水率迅速增加,再分布过程中在水平向水势梯度的作用下垄上剖面的含水率也不断增加,适当减小垄宽可以减少灌溉...     

水稻秧池一代二化螟卵量与秧苗叶龄关系及其应用

以水稻秧池秧苗叶龄与当时田间一代二化螟累计卵量占全代卵量的百分率为相关因子,建立直线回归预测式,其相关达极显著水平。由此预测一代二化螟发生趋势,方法简便,准确性高,并揭示出秧池一代二化螟累计卵量与秧苗叶龄关系的规律,从而提出了防治工作“两查两定”的新方法。     

流化床生物滤器净化循环水养鱼系统的工艺与特性研究

封闭式集约化养鱼，需要选择和使用效果好、负荷率高的水处理方法，以提高单位水体的鱼载量和降低成本。该试验在封闭式集约养鱼系统中采用了流化床生物滤器水净化技术，并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明，在流化床生物滤器出水总氨平均值低于0.5 mg/L时，鱼载量是固定床生物滤器的2～3倍，总氨负荷是固定床生物滤器的3倍，更节省水资源。采用该系统养鱼，鱼类生长正常，管理方便，占地面积和建筑费用可减少50%。     

Alternatives for large-scale production of cultured beef:A review

Cultured beef is a method where stem cells from skeletal muscle of cows are cultured in vitro to gain edible muscle tissue. For large-scale production of cultured beef, the culture technique needs to become more efficient than today’s 2-dimensional(2D) standard technique that was used to make the first cultured hamburger. Options for efficient large-scale production of stem cells are to culture cells on microcarriers, either in suspension or in a packed bed bioreactor, or to culture aggregated cells in suspension. We discuss the pros and cons of these systems as well as the possibilities to use the systems for tissue culture. Either of the production systems needs to be optimized to achieve an efficient production of cultured beef. It is anticipated that the optimization of large-scale cell culture as performed for other stem cells can be translated into successful protocols for bovine satellite cells resulting in resource and cost efficient cultured beef.     

Assessing the Role of a Limestone Quarry as Sediment Source in a Developing Tropical Catchment

Impact assessments on river systems of the combined effect of bed and suspended sediment loads from quarries are difficult to find. In this study, bed and suspended loads were measured to determine the impact of a 20‐ha limestone quarry on the river system of its 5,000‐ha steep, diverse land use/land cover but mostly forested catchment. A network of hydrologic and sediment monitoring instruments was deployed over the catchment during two separate study periods when sediment loadings were measured from captured storms. Results showed that the quarry stood to make a disproportionately large contribution to the catchment's estimated 2·1 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ suspended sediment load. Large storm events contributed most of the loadings with five events supplying 92% of total loadings at the outlet. A paired method approach to compare suspended sediment loads between two subcatchments showed that during eight storm events, the quarry yielded between 2 and 49·2 Mg ha⁻¹ per event, whereas the forest never yielded more than 0·1 Mg ha⁻¹. Furthermore, the contribution of sediments from the quarry to bed load was more than 75% at a section located 1·2 km downstream. Future management activities to reduce sediment and bed loads, not only from this catchment but also from all others with similar land use/land covers, should focus on improving quarry operations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

以发酵床养猪废垫料为替代料的毛木耳菌丝培养基质筛选

为探索发酵床养猪垫料废弃资源作为毛木耳培养料的再利用技术,以毛木耳781 为试验菌种,采用试管培养的方法,探讨发酵床养猪废弃垫料以不同比例替代麦麸、木屑的培养基质配方对毛木耳菌丝生长效果的影响。试验结果表明：以发酵床腐殖质代替50%木屑的培养基,菌丝生长速度最快、培养后期的持续生长力最强。试验证实,纤维含量丰富的发酵床养猪废垫料,适宜作为毛木耳菌丝培养的木屑替代料,其最大替代比例为50%,可有效促进菌丝生长速度与持续生长势;而以发酵床养猪废垫料替代部分麦麸作为培养料,则明显削弱菌丝后期的生长速度。