生物质热解固体热载体高温烟气加热装置设计与试验

固体热载体加热生物质是生物质热解制取生物油的工艺手段之一。为解决固体热载体间接加热方式升温慢、效率低问题,设计了一种流化床生物质燃烧的热烟气直接加热固体热载体装置,分析了其结构与原理,开展了固体热载体升温性能和流化床燃烧器的燃烧特性试验研究,并对试验结果进行了热平衡分析。结果表明:流化床高温烟气加热陶瓷球热载体的平均热能利用率为66.3%,流化床燃烧生物质粉产生的高温烟气能够满足热载体加热装置对热源的需求,热载体加热器内的热量传递方式主要是对流换热。陶瓷球热载体与加热器内高温烟气的对流传热系数为475 W/(m~2·℃)。研究对结果对解决生物质热解液化技术中的固体热载体加热升温关键问题具有重要指导意义。     

发酵床养猪猪舍环境与猪体表微生物分布状况的研究

[目的]比较发酵床养猪与传统养猪对猪生产安全性的影响。[方法]对发酵床养猪和传统养猪猪舍环境中和猪体表的菌落总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌进行研究。[结果]发酵床养猪猪舍与传统猪舍相比,环境中和猪体表的菌落总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌数均较少;发酵床养猪洁净卫生,为猪提供较好的生活环境。[结论]发酵床养猪技术提高了猪的生产安全性。     

Evaluation of chlorfenapyr for control of the bed bug,Cimex lectularius L.

BACKGROUND: The presence of bed bug populations resistant to pyrethroids demands the development of new control tactics, including the use of insecticides with new modes of action. Insecticides that disrupt oxidative phosphorylation in insect mitochondria can be an option. Laboratory assays were used to measure the toxicity of chlorfenapyr to susceptible strains and two strains highly resistant to pyrethroids. The effectiveness of two chlorfenapyr‐based formulations was compared, and behavioral responses of bed bugs to dry residues of aerosol sprays were evaluated. RESULTS: Chlorfenapyr was effective against all bed bug strains, killing them at a similar rate, regardless of their susceptibility status to pyrethroids. Dry residues aged for 4 months were as toxic as fresh dry residues. The aerosol formulation had contact activity and caused faster mortality than a water‐based formulation. Bed bugs did not avoid resting on surfaces treated with aerosol. CONCLUSION: Chlorfenapyr is an option for controlling pyrethroid‐resistant bed bugs. While it does not cause quick knockdown, its long residual activity and no avoidance behavior of bed bugs to dry residues appear to make this insecticide suitable for bed bug control. A faster insecticidal effect is obtained with the aerosol formulation, suggesting greater bioavailablity of the toxicant. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

发酵床养猪的研究现况与展望

发酵床是基于畜禽粪便排放与环境污染控制的一种健康的养殖方式,它为猪提供翻拱和嬉戏场所,符合动物福利和低碳减排的要求,实现了无污染、"零"排放的目的,改善了猪的福利,提高了生产性能,降低了养殖成本,减少了消化道疾病的发生和抗生素等药物的使用。作者从发酵床的提出、发酵原理、发酵床在养猪中的应用及其存在问题等方面进行了综述。     

Numerical simulation on multi jet diffusion combustion of low concentration coal bed methane

It is important to utilize coal bed methane to achieve the safe, environmental and economic benefits. The authors simulate the processes of multi jet diffusion combustion of low concentration coal bed methane using k ε turbulence model,non premixed combustion model and P1 radiation model. The influences of different geometrical structures and operating parameters on the combustion process are compared with each other. The results show that the distance between the gas nozzles and central axis,the angle of gas deflected from air ,the velocity ratio of air to gas have important impacts on the combustion. When the distance, the deflection angle and the velocity ratio are 30 mm,45 °and 2, respectively. The best combustion result can be achieved.     

一起生物发酵床乳猪群发生腹泻的防治

青海省互助县某猪场生物发酵床养殖的1～10日龄乳猪,发生了以腹泻、精神沉郁和死亡为主要症状的病例,经实验室剖检、细菌分离培养、生化鉴定、初步诊断为仔猪大肠杆菌病,在对分离菌株进行药物敏感性试验的基础上,采用敏感性药物治疗,很快控制了疫情的发生。     

生物发酵床条件下育肥猪疾病控制效果观察

通过建立生物发酵床,利用垫料中有益菌群的占位、生物热消毒、杀菌抑菌原理,配套疾病综合控制措施,对比观察了育肥猪的疾病发生情况。结果表明:发酵床条件下育肥猪的发病率降低了10.07%;因病死亡率降低1.65%;头均防治费降低5.60元,降低了52.8%;场内原有的猪瘟、猪丹毒、猪肺疫、仔猪副伤寒、传染性鼻炎、关节炎的发病得到了有效控制;胃肠炎、蛔虫、疥癣及感冒等的发病率也出现大幅度下降趋势,分别降低8.5%、12.1%、10.6%和3.8%,;生物发酵床改善了猪舍环境,增强了猪的体况,提高了免疫效果,保障了猪群的健康。     

生物肥料培肥水稻秧床对土壤酶活性的影响

以应用生物肥料培肥水稻育秧苗床,研究培肥方式对不同土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：普通水稻土进行培肥处理后作为水稻育秧苗床,秧苗期土壤脱氢酶、脲酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶的活性增强,硝态氮含量明显提高,其中采用生物肥料快速培肥比常规营养土效应明显。而盐碱土采用生物肥料快速培肥处理的土壤脱氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶活性及硝态氮含量与未培肥的普通水稻土差异不大。说明采用生物肥料快速培肥有利于提高土壤酶活性、促进养分转化、提高土壤供肥力,但其培肥效果受盐分的影响。     

基于水基反应成膜技术的聚合物包膜肥料的研制

以3种水基硅丙乳液(SD-528、SD-5281和GA-1710)为材料,利用水基反应成膜技术对这3种材料进行化学改性,制备了聚合物包膜肥料模型膜;研究了模型膜的养分扩散性能,在此基础上研制了水基聚合物包膜肥料;测定了包膜肥料养分释放曲线,并利用红外光声光谱对聚合物膜进行原位表征.结果表明,通过化学交联改性,硅丙基模型膜具有优良的成膜性和扩散性能,不同的乳液对包膜尿素的缓释效果影响显著;GA-1710和SD-528的缓释效果较好,在静态水中的释放时间可达到30 d,而SD-5281缓释性能较差,需要做进一步的化学改性;不同的乳液类型制备的包膜尿素的释放模式也不同,GA-1710累积释放曲线为"S"型,而SD-528为"L"型.因此,利用反应成膜技术,硅丙乳液在水基包膜肥料的研制中具有广阔的应用前景.