饲料中水分含量测定方法的探讨

采用国标GB/T6435-1986测定法、国标GB/T6435-2006测定法、SH10A快速测定法对20种饲料进行了测定,并对试验结果进行了分析。结果显示,3种测定法对水分测定结果无显著影响,国标GB/T6435-1986测定法耗时较长,SH10A快速测定法测定时间迅速,但易受外界因素影响。综合考虑,国标GB/T6435-2006测定法在生产一线操作更为理想。     

金黄指突水虻作为蛋白质饲料的营养价值评价

本文对金黄指突水虻营养成分进行了分析。结果表明,金黄指突水虻老熟幼虫的粗蛋白质含量为52.12%、氨基酸总量为45.47%、必需氨基酸比例为44.53%、必需氨基酸指数为3.99、必需脂肪酸含量为42.40%、矿物质元素丰富,并含有5.1%的甲壳素。说明金黄指突水虻是一种优质的蛋白质饲料。     

肉骨粉在水产饲料中的应用

本文综述了肉骨粉在水产饲料中的应用、影响肉骨粉使用的因素及改善水产动物对肉骨粉利用率的途径,以期为其深入研究和合理应用提供理论依据。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡饲料中地克珠利的含量

本试验建立了鸡饲料中地克珠利(DIC)含量检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。采用乙腈提取饲料中的药物,经硅胶固相萃取小柱净化后,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)分析。整个色谱总时间为3.5 min。结果表明,在5、50、500μg/kg(仅配合饲料)和2000μg/kg(仅预混合饲料)的浓度添加水平下,饲料中地克珠利的回收率范围为90.28%～97.16%;日内变异系数范围为9.24%～14.10%,日间变异系数范围为9.73%～14.87%。以3倍信噪比为检测限,10倍信噪比为定量限,得出该方法的检测限为2.0μg/kg,定量限为5.0μg/kg。该方法操作简单,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合饲料中药物添加剂分析的技术要求,能够满足饲料中地克珠利的含量测定需求。     

小麦蛋白粉在饲料中的应用

综述了小麦蛋白粉的基本营养特性及其在动物生产中的应用,并对其应用前景进行了分析.     

饲料蛋白质水平对曼氏无针乌贼生长性能和饲料利用率的影响

探讨了配合饲料中不同蛋白质水平对曼氏无针乌贼生长性能和饲料利用率的影响.试验以白鱼粉为主要蛋白源,配制饲料蛋白质水平分别为31.3%、36.0%、41.6%、45.9%和51.5%的5种饲料,对平均初始体重为（1.65±0.20）g的曼氏无针乌贼进行为期60 d的饲养实验.结果表明：P4和P5组曼氏无针乌贼的相对增重率、特定生长率、饲料转化率和成活率均显著高于其他实验组（P〈0.05）;P4和P5组曼氏无针乌贼的蛋白质效率显著高于P2和P3组（P〈0.05）;这两组曼氏无针乌贼的肥满度也显著高于P1和P2组（P〈0.05）;P3组曼氏无针乌贼的肝体比显著低于其他实验组（P〈0.05）,但其他实验组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）.综上结果,认为,在该实验条件下,曼氏无针乌贼配合饲料中蛋白质适宜水平为45.9%～51.5%.     

一株地衣芽孢杆菌的性质研究及发酵培养基优化

[目的]研究实验室自分离的地衣芽孢杆菌KL6作为微生物饲料添加剂的可行性,并对其发酵培养基进行优化,确定最佳培养条件,为工业化发酵提供依据。[方法]运用表型试验对其进行生理生化评价及产酶评价;运用4因素3水平正交试验和单因素试验对其培养基进行改进,并对其发酵条件进行优化。[结果]地衣芽孢杆菌KL6的D-葡萄糖产酸试验、硝酸盐还原试验、淀粉水解试验等均呈阳性;4种因素对活菌数影响的显著性次序为:MnSO4>NaCl>酵母粉>蛋白胨,对芽孢数影响的显著性次序为:MnSO4>蛋白胨>酵罐放大培养,最佳放罐时间应在14～16 h,获得的菌体数量约101.63×109个/ml,芽孢率为97.11%。[结论]体外评价试验表明,地衣芽孢杆菌KL6具有作为微生物饲料添加剂的潜力;发酵培养基及条件优化试验表明,地衣芽孢杆菌KL6能够适于高密度液体发酵。该试验为以KL6为基础的微生物饲料添加剂的开发和大规模发酵培养提供了理论依据。     

The effect of supplementation of clove and agrimony or clove and lemon balm on growth performance, antioxidant status and selected indices of lipid profile of broiler chickens

The study investigated the effects of diet supplementation with 1% clove flower buds powder combined with either 0.2% lemon balm extract or 0.2% agrimony extract (each of the two pulverized extracts supplied through drinking water) on body weight of broilers, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio and the carcass yield, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px, EC 1.11.1.9) in blood, concentration of sulfhydryl (?SH) groups, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin A and E, low‐density lipoproteins in the blood plasma, serum cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides and high‐density lipoproteins in broiler chickens at 42 days of age. On the day of hatching, 120 male and female broilers of Cobb 500 were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (1st group) of broilers received a basal diet (BD) without any feed and water additive. Both experimental groups of chicks were fed BD enriched with clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) powder at a dose of 10 g/kg DM for 42 days. Moreover, either lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis L.) extract or agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) extract diluted with drinking water (2:1000) was given to broilers in the 2nd and 3rd group respectively. The results indicated that feeding the diets enriched with selected herbal supplements failed to affect the growth performance of broiler chickens at 42 days of age. In addition, this supplementation had no influence on the activities of SOD and GSH‐Px, concentration of vitamin A and selected lipid metabolism indices. On the other hand, we observed beneficial effects on some indices of the antioxidant status (increased concentration of ?SH groups and vitamin E, decreased concentration of MDA) in the blood of broilers in both experimental groups in comparison with the control group of chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a slightly better antioxidant capacity was found in the blood of broilers supplied the combination of clove and lemon balm compared to clove and agrimony (vitamin E, 11.26 ± 0.73 vs. 9.73 ± 0.64 μmol/L, p < 0.05 respectively). It could be concluded that supplementation of the diet with clove flower buds powder combined with lemon balm extract or agrimony extract dissolved in drinking water has a potential to increase the antioxidant status but fails to influence either the growth performance or the selected lipid metabolism indices of broilers at the age of 42 days.     

The relationship between feed intake behaviour with intramuscular fat, cholesterol and fatty acid composition in pork

The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic relationship between feed intake (FI) characteristics with intramuscular fat, cholesterol and fatty acid composition in pork. Data were available on 202 Duroc barrows. Intramuscular fatness was positively correlated with a higher percentage of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), a lower percentage of polyunsaturated (PUFA), omega-3 (ω3) and omega-6 (ω6) fatty acids, and a lower ω6/ω3 and P:S ratio (p < 0.05). Faster growth resulted in a higher level of SFA and a lower level of ω3 fatty acids (p < 0.05). Increased FI, residual feed intake (RFI) and feed intake time (TIME) and a decreased feed intake frequency (FREQ) resulted in an increase in MUFA, a decrease in PUFA, ω3 and ω6 fatty acids and a lower P:S ratio (p < 0.05). In addition, increased FI and RFI and a decreased FREQ resulted in an increase in SFA (p < 0.05). Most of the correlations were a result of a concomitant relationship with intramuscular fatness and disappeared after correction for that trait. Serum total, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were positively correlated with SFA and MUFA, and negatively with PUFA, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and the P:S ratio (p < 0.05). These results have implications for programmes aimed at improving meat quality through selection.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of Chinese medicinal herbs on polymorphonuclear neutrophil immune activity and small intestinal morphology in weanling pigs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Chinese medicinal herbs (CMH) supplementation composed of Panax ginseng, Dioscoreaceae opposite, Atractylodes macrocephala, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Ziziphus jujube and Platycodon grandiflorum, on the performance, intestinal tract morphology and immune activity in weanling pigs. Two hundred and forty weaned pigs were assigned randomly to four dietary groups including the negative control (basal diet), 0.1% CMH, 0.3% CMH and 0.114% antibiotic (Chlortetracycline calcium Complex, Sulfathiazole and Procaine Penicillin G) supplementation groups for a 28-day feeding trial. Results indicated that both CMH supplementation groups had a better gain and feed/gain than control group (CT) during the first 2 weeks of the experimental period. The 0.3% CMH had a significant decrease in the diarrhoea score in first 10 days of experimental period when compared with other groups. The CMH supplementation groups had a higher villous height, increased lactobacilli counts in digesta of ileum and decreased coliform counts in colon compared with CT. The immune activities of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs), including the respiratory burst and Salmonella-killing ability, were significantly enhanced in CMH supplementation groups at day 7 of experiment period. The CMH and antibiotic supplementations increased the nutrient digestibility such as dietary dry matter, crude protein and gross energy in weanling pigs. In conclusion, the dietary CMH supplementation improved intestinal morphology and immune activities of PMNs, thus giving rise to nutrient digestibility and reduce diarrhoea frequency in weanling pigs.