Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

氮素营养水平对小麦后移栽棉氮代谢的影响

对不同氮素营养水平下的小麦后移栽棉叶片硝酸还原酶活性、棉株含氮量及叶片氨基酸含量等进行了测定。结果表明，除８月１９日外，叶片硝酸还原酶活性与施氮量呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９６９３～０．９８８１）；地上部各器官的含氮率和绝对含氮量均随施氮量的增加而提高，且不同器官间呈同步增减的趋势，因而氮素分配比例的变化不大；提高氮素营养水平可显著增加小麦后移栽棉的叶片氨基酸总量和游离氨的含量（ｒ＝０．５３１６和０．５６０５），在１７种氨基酸中，谷氨酸、脯氨酸等７种氨基酸的含量与施氮量呈显著的正相关（ｒ＝０．５２５６～０．６０７４）。虽然施氮量越高，棉株的氮素代谢越旺盛，但小麦后移栽棉的适宜施氮量约为２０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

不同水分,温度条件下CO2浓度对大米品质的影响

试验选用当年新收获的稻谷加工成的水分为１３．９％、１４．７％和１６．０％的大米，在２３℃和３３℃的恒温室中，将７种不同浓度的ＣＯ２经减压调湿后通入粮堆。定期取样，测定大米的脂肪酸、水溶酸、还原糖、非还原糖、粘度和过氧化物酶活性的变化。试验结果表明：１３．９％水分的大米在２３℃下储藏，各种浓度ＣＯ２对大部分品质指标影响不显著，ＣＯ２的保质作用不明显；１４．７％水分的大米在２３℃储藏，ＣＯ２对个别品质     

活性多肽提取分离方法研究进展

综述了近几年来生物活性多肽物质的分离和提纯方法,主要包括色谱、电泳等方法,以及这些方法在肽类研究中的应用现状。     

长链脂肪酸对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的影响及其相互作用研究

采用间歇培养实验研究了辛酸、癸酸和月桂酸等三种长链脂肪酸对UASB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的毒性，以及癸酸对辛酸和月桂酸抑制作用的影响。结果表明，辛酸、癸酸和月桂酸对UASB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性有严重抑制，对厌氧颗粒污泥最大比产甲烷活性产生50%抑制的浓度(IC     

Mechanism of Fuzilizhong decoction alleviating inflammatory damage of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM To observe the effect of Fuzilizhong decoction on the inflammatory damage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） rats and to explore its mechanism. METHODS SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups： control group, model group, high dose （20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）, middle dose （10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）, low dose （5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） Fuzilizhong decoction group and Yishanfu （30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）group, 8 rats in each group. A NAFLD rat modelwas established by intragastric administration of fat emulsion for 4 weeks. Then the drug was given for 4 weeks in each treatment group. HE staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes of the rat liver.The serum levels of interleukin-2（IL-2）, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were measured by ELISA. The expression of toll like receptor 4（TLR4） and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western bolt,respectively. RESULTS Compared with control group, the inflammatory damage of liver tissue was more serious, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues were significantly increased in model group（P<0.05）. However, compared with model group, the liver pathological changes in each treatment group were significantly relieved, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues were significantly reduced（P<0.05）.In addition, the changes of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels in liver tissue were consistent with the changes of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 mRNA. CONCLUSION Fuzilizhong decoction attenuates the inflammatory damages of NAFLD in rats by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.     

用鱼肌核酸指示水体污染的初步研究

选择了4种家鱼作指示生物，用紫外分光光度法测定其白肌中RNA和DNA的含量。结果表明：同种鱼，污染区的RNA含量显著低于对照区，白鲢和鳊鱼白肌中RNA／DNA低于对照区；不同种的鱼，污染区鱼肌核酸比对照区下降的程度有鳊鱼＞白鲢＞鲫鱼和鲤鱼的趋势。鱼肌核酸下降同水体重金属污染有一定联系，RNA是比RNA／DNA更合适的指标，鳊鱼和白鲢是比鲫鱼和鲤鱼更敏感的指示生物。     

果蔬垃圾重复批次发酵协同制备乳酸和短链脂肪酸

利用果蔬垃圾厌氧合成中链脂肪酸（medium-chain fatty acids,MCFAs）等化学品是厌氧技术高值化的重要方向。中链脂肪酸合成通常需要以乳酸/乙醇（电子供体）和短链脂肪酸（电子受体）为碳源进行碳链延长反应。因此,利用有机废弃物连续、稳定地协同制备乳酸和短链脂肪酸是中链脂肪酸合成的关键步骤。该研究考察了果蔬垃圾重复批次发酵协同制备乳酸和短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs）的可行性,研究了不同置换率和进料浓度对果蔬垃圾重复批次发酵产酸特性的影响。结果表明,调控重复批次发酵的置换率和进料浓度是提高生产率、改善乳酸/SCFAs比例的有效方法。综合考虑酸化产物的生产率、乳酸/SCFAs比例和碳源浓度,在70%置换率和8%进料TS(total solid)浓度条件下获得的酸化产物相对更有利于MCFAs的合成。此时,酸化产物生产率达到（5.25±0.25）g/(L·d),乳酸/SCFAs的碳摩尔比例达到5±0.3,碳源浓度达到（985±29）mmol C/L。微生物群落分析显示,乳酸菌,如Lactobacillus和Enterococcus作为优势菌通过异型乳酸发酵协同制备乳酸和SCFAs。研究结果可为果蔬垃圾的高值化利用提供参考。     

不同种质茶籽脂质代谢特征分析

叶籽两用茶树种质的研发利用对于茶产业结构调整、茶园综合效益提升具有特殊意义,因此深入研究现有茶树种质与茶籽相关性状特征,可为叶籽两用茶树的遗传育种提供基础信息.从福建、云南和湖南采集了31份同年结实茶籽,对种仁的含油率和脂肪酸组成特征进行测定.结果表明,不同茶树茶籽含油率存在2倍以上的差异;从茶籽油脂中检测到10种脂肪...     

土壤干旱对两品种小麦根际土壤微生物群落组成和酶活性的影响

采用双因素随机试验,在小麦孕穗期、灌浆期和成熟期研究了土壤干旱对两品种小麦根际土壤微生物丰度、多样性及4种酶活性(蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和脱氢酶)的影响。试验设4个处理,即分别在土壤干旱和正常水分下种植小麦"矮抗58"(P1)和"泛麦8号"(P2)。结果表明:与正常水分处理(种植P1和P2)相比,孕穗期,土壤干旱处理下小麦P1和P2根际土中普通细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌的丰度显著降低了11.3%和6.9%、8.4%和8.2%;灌浆期,干旱处理下小麦P1和P2根际土中丛枝菌根真菌的丰度明显下降了34.3%和21.8%;成熟期,干旱处理下小麦P1和P2根际土中革兰氏阳性细菌、真菌的丰度显著降低30.9%和8.6%、34.1%和17.3%。土壤干旱对微生物多样性无显著影响,却显著降低了孕穗期和灌浆期的碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶活性和灌浆期的蔗糖酶活性,提高了成熟期的蔗糖酶活性。"矮抗58"比"泛麦8号"根际微生物多样性更高,但孕穗期其蔗糖酶活性更低。干旱与品种的交互作用对微生物各类群的丰度、多样性和4种酶活性的影响均不显著。综上,土壤干旱主要抑制微生物丰度,而品种间根际微生物多样性差异明显,干旱和品种均...