Dogs are more permissive than cats or guinea pigs to experimental infection with a human isolate of Bartonella rochalimae

Bartonella rochalimae was first isolated from the blood of a human who traveled to Peru and was exposed to multiple insect bites. Foxes and dogs are likely natural reservoirs for this bacterium. We report the results of experimental inoculation of two dogs, five cats and six guinea pigs with the only human isolate of this new Bartonella species. Both dogs became bacteremic for 5–7 weeks, with a peak of 10³–10⁴ colony forming units (CFU)/mL blood. Three cats had low bacteremia levels (< 200 CFU/mL) of 6–8 weeks’ duration. One cat that remained seronegative had two bacterial colonies isolated at a single culture time point. A fifth cat never became bacteremic, but seroconverted. None of the guinea pigs became bacteremic, but five seroconverted. These results suggest that dogs could be a reservoir of this strain of B. rochalimae, in contrast to cats and guinea pigs.     

淘汰耕牛短期育肥技术

通过收购农户淘汰的耕牛,采取栓系舍饲、驱虫健胃、补喂精料和尿素、分段育肥等措施,经过60～80 d精心饲养,每头增重80～100 kg.短期育肥后出售,每头获利300～500元,既达到了使淘汰耕牛增膘增肉、获得良好养殖效益的目的,又充分利用了淘汰耕牛这一大好的肉牛资源.     

亚麻油对育肥猪肉品质及脂肪组织脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料添加亚麻油(linseed oil,LO)对育肥猪胴体指标、肉质及脂肪组织脂肪酸组成的影响.选用平均体质量为63 kg左右的健康大白猪84头(其中21头阉公猪),按体质量相近、性别比例一致原则随机分为3组,每组设4个重复,每个重复7头猪(1或2头阉公猪).3个处理口粮为玉米-豆粕型日粮,分别添加0%、1.5%和3.0%LO,饲养试验时间为50 d.结果显示,与对照组相比,日粮中添加LO对猪胴体和肉晶质指标均没有显著影响(P＞0.05);日粮中添加LO显著提高皮下脂肪的α-亚麻酸(ALA)(P＜0.01)、EPA(P＜0.01)、DPA(P＜0.05)含量,以及多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)(P＜0.05)和n-3PUFA(P＜0.01)总含量,同时显著降低花生四烯酸(P＜0.01)和二十二碳四烯酸(P＜0.01)含量,而对n-6PUFA总含量无显著影响(P＞0.05).结果表明,猪不但可以直接沉积α-亚麻酸,而且能将其进行进一步延长和脱饱和;饲料中添加1. 5% LO可将猪皮下脂肪n-6:n-3PUFA比值降至4.1:1,接近人类健康饮食推荐水平,而日粮中添加3.0%LO则能降低皮下脂肪n-6:n-3PUFA比值至2.5:1,大大增加了猪脂肪组织的保健价值.     

中草药制剂对新美系原种猪的生长性能和体液免疫影响研究

试验选择日龄基本相近、体重为(64±1)kg的健康新关系原种猪72头,随机分为4组,即3个试验组和1个对照组,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复6头,其中3个品种(杜洛克、大约克和长白)各2头.对照组猪饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组猪分别饲喂基础日粮+0.01%丹参片、基础日粮+0.03%金黄素和基础日粮+0.06%祛湿茶,试验期30d.试验结果表明,3个试验组分别比对照组的日增重提高5.76%(P<0.05)、9.52%和48.84%,在料重比方面分别提高0.37%、3.73%和9.33%,并能提高肥育猪血清IgG、IgA、IgM的水平,从而增强了新美系原种猪的自身免疫力.     

日粮能量水平对猪脂肪酸合成酶和激素敏感酯酶的影响

选择初始体重约20kg的长白×荣昌杂交猪72头,随机分为3个处理,研究日粮能量水平对生长育肥猪脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)和激素敏感酯酶(HSL)活性及基因表达量的影响。日粮消化能分别为11.75MJ/kg(低能量组)、13.05MJ/kg(中能量组)和14.36MJ/kg(高能量组)。试验猪体重达到100kg时屠宰。结果表明:与低能量组相比,中能量组和高能量组的脂肪组织、肝脏组织和肌肉组织的FAS活性显著提高(P<0.05),而HSL活性明显降低,并且FAS和HSL活性具有组织差异性,脂肪组织中活性最高,肝脏组织中的活性其次,肌肉组织中的活性最低;与低能量组相比,中能量组和高能量组的脂肪组织和肌肉组织的FASmRNA表达量均明显提高,HSLmRNA表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究结果初步表明,能量水平调控脂肪沉积可能是通过调节FAS和HSL的活性及基因表达量来实现的。     

饲料添加沼液喂猪的效果观察和安全性研究

经分析,沼液中含有猪生长所需要的营养物质。选择杜长大三元杂交猪80头进行饲养试验,结果:饲料中添加1∶0.5、1∶1和1∶1.5沼液的日增重分别为784.4g、843.3g和832.2g,与对照组的748.9g相比差异极显著(P<0.01),并能降低猪的发病率。消化试验表明,各试验组对各种养分的表观消化率比对照组都有所提高,但各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。屠宰结果表明,饲料中添加沼液后,肌肉中水分、粗灰分、蛋白质和微量元素的含量均有不同程度的提高,但对肌内脂肪和pH影响不大;Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn等微量元素和As、Cd、Pb、Hg等重金属元素均在国家规定的标准之内;猪肉感官、物理性质符合猪肉卫生标准,说明饲喂沼液后猪肉质是安全、可食用的。     

甘肃省东中部地区猪和鸡大肠杆菌的分离鉴定

试验从甘肃省东中部地区分离出猪和鸡大肠杆菌189株,从中鉴定出致病性大肠杆菌69株。然后对其进行生化试验、毒力学试验和血清型鉴定,并对猪和鸡致病性大肠杆菌的免疫原性进行了初步筛选。     

葛根粉对生长猪生产性能的影响

为了探讨葛根粉对生长猪生产性能的影响,选用平均体重26．86±2．06kg的杜×长×大三元杂交健康猪144头,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复（圈）6头。处理Ⅰ组为不添加抗生素的负对照组,处理Ⅱ组为添加抗生素的正对照组,处理Ⅲ组、处理Ⅳ组为试验组分别添加5．0％、5．5％葛根粉。结果表明：日粮中添加5．0％、5．5％葛根粉的试验组日增重、饲料转化效率与添加抗生素的正对照组差异不显著,日增重显著高于不添加抗生素的负对照组（P〈0．05）。     

Requirements for the welfare of baboons and pigs used in animal-to-animal xenotransplantation experiments

Objective   Review the welfare requirements of pigs and baboons used for xenotransplantation in research laboratories. Because of the requirements to maintain optimum health status, these animals are often kept in barren enclosures with little or no enrichment. They may also be exposed to procedures causing stress and discomfort. Although animal-to-human xenotransplantation is, at the present time, not approved in Australia, research is currently being performed to develop laboratory procedures, using the pig-to-baboon model.
Results and conclusion   We make recommendations for the husbandry of baboons and pigs used for xenotransplantation, to increase their welfare and minimise stress during experimental procedures, while attempting to preserve the health status required. It is proposed that novel standards should be devised and implemented for baboons, whereas existing pig welfare appraisal schemes could, with minor changes, be suitable for assessing the welfare of pigs used for xenotransplantation.