两种无抗制剂对育肥猪生长性能及肠道健康的影响

本试验通过在生长育肥猪饲粮中添加两种不同的无抗制剂,探究其对育肥猪生长及肠道健康的影响。选取体重为（85.95±3.48） kg的LDY三元杂交猪60头,分为对照组、试验1、2组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪（阉公猪和母猪各半）。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%的红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂,试验2组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%的复方中药提取物。结果表明：①3组间生长性能各项指标均差异不显著（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比,试验1组空肠的绒毛高度（VH）、绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）以及回肠的绒毛高度均显著增加（P<0.05）,试验2组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度均显著增加（P<0.05）;试验1组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。③与对照组相比,试验1和2组盲肠菌群香浓指数均显著升高（P<0.05）、辛普森指数均显著降低（P<0.05）;试验1组的香浓指数显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。④在门水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组盲肠菌群变形菌门和放线菌门丰度均显著升高（P<0.05）,厚壁菌门丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验2组厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,拟杆菌门丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验1组放线菌门丰度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）,厚壁菌门丰度显著低于试验2组（P<0.05）。在属水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组链球菌属丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,苏黎世杆菌属、uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae和乳杆菌属丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验2组瘤胃菌属和链球菌属丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,苏黎世杆菌属、梭菌属_13、乳杆菌属丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验1组梭菌属_13和链球菌属丰度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）,试验1组uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae、瘤胃菌属显著低于试验2组（P<0.05）。⑤试验1组Occludin、Zo-1、Claudin-1表达量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,Occludin、Claudin-1表达量显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂和复方中药提取物对育肥猪肠道健康均有改善作用,但红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂组饲喂效果优于复方中药提取物组。     

松辽黑猪OAS1基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

为探究寡腺苷酸合成酶1（oligoadenylate synthase 1,OAS1）基因多态性与松辽黑猪繁殖性状的关联性,试验选取130头松辽黑猪母猪为研究对象,利用Sanger直接测序法测序查找OAS1基因外显子1~8的SNP位点,使用SPSS 19.0软件分析OAS1基因SNP位点与松辽黑猪繁殖性状的关联性。结果显示,在松辽黑猪OAS1基因外显子2、3和6上共检测到33个突变位点;其中在外显子2的110 bp处存在1个SNP位点（G110C）,存在3种基因型：GG、GC和CC;在外显子3的176 bp处存在1个SNP位点（C176T）,存在3种基因型：CC、CT和TT;在外显子6的145 bp处存在1个SNP位点（C145T）,存在3种基因型：CC、CA和AA;在166 bp处存在1个SNP位点（G166A）,存在3种基因型：GG、GA和AA;在206 bp处存在1个SNP位点（A206G）,存在3种基因型：AA、AG和GG。卡方适合性检验结果显示,松辽黑猪OAS1基因G110C突变位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,C176T、C145A、G166A和G206A位点均偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。群体遗传参数分析结果显示,各SNPs位点遗传杂合度均位于中等水平,为中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）。关联分析结果发现,G110C位点GC基因型个体总产仔数、产活仔数和断奶仔猪数均显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）;C176T位点CT基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于CC基因型个体（P<0.05）;C145T位点CC基因型个体总产仔数和产活仔数均显著高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）;G166A位点GA基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）;A206G位点GG基因型个体总产仔数和产活仔数显著高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）。结果表明,OAS1基因外显子区存在突变位点,对松辽黑猪部分繁殖性状有显著性影响。     

Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs

We measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat.     

Role of social structure in establishment of an invasive large mammal after translocation

Background

Data on the movement behavior of translocated wild pigs is needed to develop appropriate response strategies for containing and eliminating new source populations following translocation events. We conducted experimental trials to compare the home range establishment and space-use metrics, including the number of days and distance traveled before becoming range residents, for wild pigs translocated with their social group and individually.

Results

We found wild pigs translocated with their social group made less extensive movements away from the release location and established a stable home range ~5 days faster than those translocated individually. We also examined how habitat quality impacted the home range sizes of translocated wild pigs and found wild pigs maintained larger ranges in areas with higher proportion of low-quality habitat.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings suggest translocations of invasive wild pigs have a greater probability of establishing a viable population near the release site when habitat quality is high and when released with members of their social unit compared to individuals moved independent of their social group or to low-quality habitat. However, all wild pigs translocated in our study made extensive movements from their release location, highlighting the potential for single translocation events of either individuals or groups to have far-reaching consequences within a much broader landscape beyond the location where they are released. These results highlight the challenges associated with containing populations in areas where illegal introduction of wild pigs occurs, and the need for rapid response once releases are identified. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Evaluation of transpulmonary ultrasound dilution cardiac output in piglets: accuracy,precision and trending ability with room temperature injectate

ObjectiveTranspulmonary ultrasound dilution (TPUD) is a minimally invasive technique to measure cardiac output (CO) using a 1 mL kg^–1 isotonic 37 °C saline injectate indicator. The objective was to evaluate the performance of TPUD using a room temperature saline injectate.Study designProspective experimental trial.AnimalsA total of seven anesthetized male Yorkshire piglets.MethodsPiglets aged 1 month and weighing 7.7–9.0 kg were anesthetized with detomidine–ketamine–hydromorphone–isoflurane and a pulmonary artery flow probe (PAFP) placed via a median sternotomy. The thoracic cavity remained open during measurement of CO by PAFP and TPUD. The TPUD indicators of 1 mL kg^–1 0.9% saline at 37 °C and 20 °C were compared during infusions of phenylephrine and dobutamine, blood withdrawal and replacement. Bias, limits of agreement (LoAs) and percentage error (PE) between each iteration of PAFP and TPUD were measured with Bland–Altman plots. Trending ability via concordance, angular bias and radial LoA were compared.ResultsBland–Altman plots showed negligible bias with varying LoAs. PEs of 22% and 38% were found for 37 °C and 20 °C saline injectates, respectively. In the four-quadrant plots, the concordance rate was 94% and 100% for measurements obtained with 37 °C and 20 °C saline injectates, respectively. Angular bias for both were < ±5 °, with radial LoA < ±7 °.ConclusionsTPUD was accurate when using 1 mL kg^–1 of isotonic saline at 37 °C in a range of CO within 0.2–0.8 L minute^–1, and it reliably tracked positive and negative changes in CO. Room temperature (20 °C) indicator was less accurate but equally able to track direction of changes in CO.Clinical relevanceThe use of room temperature injectates allows an easy, readily available clinical application of TPUD CO monitoring while preserving the trending ability of the monitor.     

氨基酸络合铁对生长猪生长性能及有关指标的影响

为了比较评估氨基酸络合铁对生长猪生长性能、铁表观消化率、肤色和血液指标的影响,试验选择70日龄初始体重(27.34±2.55)kg的杜×长×大生长猪108头,分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头猪。试验用玉米-豆粕型基础日粮。在基础日粮中添加100 mg/kg无机铁(一水硫酸亚铁)构成对照组。在对照组基础上分别添加40、80、120、160 mg/kg氨基酸络合铁构成4个试验组,在对照组基础上添加160 mg/kg无机铁(一水硫酸亚铁)构成正对照组,试验期5周。结果表明:试验0~2周、3~5周及全期,随着日粮中氨基酸铁添加量由40 mg/kg增加到160 mg/kg,生长猪日增重和饲料转化效率均得到改善,并呈极显著的线性关系(P<0.01)。与无机铁日粮组相比,添加160 mg/kg氨基酸络合铁试验组极显著地改善了平均日增重(P<0.01)和饲料转化效率(P<0.05);试验第14天和第35天,随着日粮中氨基酸络合铁添加水平的增加,生长猪对日粮中铁元素的表观消化率均呈显著的线性增加关系(P<0.05),添加160 mg/kg氨基酸络合铁试验组铁元素的表观消化率极显著高于对照组和正对照组(P<0.01);试验第14天和第35天,随着日粮中氨基酸络合铁添加水平的提高,红细胞压积、血红蛋白浓度、血清铁和血清铁与总铁结合力之比都呈显著的线性增加关系(P<0.05),并高于无机铁日粮组(P<0.01),而血清总铁结合力呈显著的线性降低关系(P<0.05);在试验期末,160 mg/kg氨基酸络合铁日粮组显著改善生长猪的肤色状况(P<0.05)。与添加硫酸亚铁相比,在生长猪日粮中添加氨基酸铁络合物可提高生长猪的生长性能和铁表观消化率,改善皮肤红度及血液生化指标。     

饲粮短期高剂量添加天冬氨酸镁对猪肉品质的影响

本试验研究了在基础日粮中短期添加不同水平的天冬氨酸镁对猪肉品质的影响。试验共分4个处理,每个处理6头猪。处理组镁(天冬氨酸镁)的添加水平分别为0、1 500、2 500和3 500 mg/kg。结果表明:屠宰前7 d饲粮添加天冬氨酸镁提高了猪肉品质,背最长肌肉中镁的含量分别比对照组提高了10.35%(P<0.05)、16.83%和18.61%(P<0.01),血清中镁的浓度分别比对照组增加了14.29%、27.14%和34.29%(P<0.01);显著提高了猪肉的初始pH(6.16~6.50)和最终pH(5.61~5.75)(P<0.05);对肉色评分改善显著(P<0.05);显著降低了滴水损失(P<0.05);但对猪的屠宰率、瘦肉率、背膘厚、眼肌厚度和肌肉中胶原蛋白含量等无显著影响(P>0.05)。回归分析结果表明:当镁的添加量在2 500~3 200 mg/kg时,对pH、滴水损失和肉色的改善作用达到最大,此时血清和肌肉中镁的含量约为0.90 mmol/L和241 mg/kg。     

育肥期肉猪日粮添加糖萜素的效果研究

选用82日龄29.76±0.52 kg体重育肥猪57头,随机分为2组,试验组27头和对照组30头,每组设3个重复,试验组日粮中添加糖萜素,对照组日粮中添加抗生素及砷制剂,试验期78 d,研究糖萜素对肉猪肥育期的影响.试验结果表明:与对照组相比较,试验组日增重降低7.46%(P＜0.05)、饲料转化率提高(P＞0.05)、腹泻率提高1.77%(P＞0.05),综合经济效益显著.