沿江农区山羊羔高效育肥技术

对沿江农区山羊羔高效育肥技术进行了研究,旨在探讨羊高效生产配套技术体系建设,为农区山羊产业化发展服务。研究表明,利用良种羔羊,采用高架养羊方式,饲喂优质饲草饲料,同时适当补饲精料,定期驱虫加强防疫,保证育肥山羊羔全程健康发育,能取得高效育肥效果和良好经济效益。     

The financial and production impacts of bovine dermatophilosis in Zambia

During October to December 1986, 365 traditional cattle herds in four provinces in Zambia were inspected and the owners interviewed. Information was collected on the treatment, management and disposal of cases of bovine dermatophilosis and on the effects of this disease on productivity for 1985. The contemporary financial cost per case of treatment and/or premature disposal, slaughter or death to the owners was K. 202 (US$ 91). The cost due to draft oxen being affected was estimated at K. 428 (US$ 193) per affected ox. The cost of reduced milk production, replacing affected cows and calf deaths, directly or indirectly from bovine dermatophilosis, was estimated at K. 132 (US$ 78) per affected milking cow. The total annual national cost of bovine dermatophilosis in 1985 was conservatively estimated to be some K. 6.9 million, (US$ 3 million). There were indications that the true financial cost in 1985 may have been up to 1.8 times the estimated cost.     

淘汰小公牛育肥

为开发肉牛资源和合理利用人工草地，于１９９１－１９９４年在大面积建植人工草地的基础上，对贵阳市乌当奶牛场未去势淘汰小公牛进行育肥试验结果是：（１）１７７头淘尖以牛舍饲育肥，以青粗饲料为主，适当补给精料，１８月龄出栏，平均体重达４３１．９６ｋ头，每头日增重０．７２ｋ；（２）１４头淘汰小公牛草地地全放牧育肥，１５个月零６天出栏平均体重达２７３．５ｋｇ每头日增重０．４９８ｋｇ。     

饲粮中添加白藜芦醇对“杜×长×大”猪空肠抗氧化能力及紧密连接蛋白表达的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RES)对"杜×长×大"猪空肠抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化基因指标和紧密连接蛋白相关基因表达水平的影响。试验选用12头体重约为65 kg的育肥猪分为2组,每组6头。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验组育肥猪饲喂在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg的RES的饲粮,试验期41 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加400 mg/kg的RES显著提高了育肥猪空肠过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),显著降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05);显著提高育肥猪空肠抗氧化基因铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-1 (GPx-1)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-4 (GPx-4)活性(P<0.05);显著提高育肥猪空肠抗氧化酶活相关基因CAT、T-SOD和GSH-Px的表达水平(P<0.05),显著降低MDA的表达水平(P<0.05);显著提高育肥猪空肠紧密连接蛋白咬合蛋白(Occludin)、闭合蛋白-1 (Claudin-1)和链接黏附分子A (JAM-A)的表达水平(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮添加400 mg/kg的RES能够显著提高育肥猪空肠抗氧化能力及紧密连接蛋白的表达,改善动物肠道健康。     

试论工程造价三阶段控制

随着市场经济的发展 ,投资控制的理论和政策已成为工程造价管理上的重要任务和课题。本文主要从工程造价控制的 3个阶段进行了分析 ,提出了相应的控制措施     

肉牛场生命周期估计及环境影响评价

试验采用生命周期估计(life cycle assessment,LCA)方法对江西高安某存栏1 800头的肉牛育肥场在整个育肥期间(7个月)的污染物排放量,以及污染物在全球变暖、环境酸化、富营养化、光化学臭氧合成方面对环境的影响进行了评估。系统边界包括化肥生产、农作物种植、饲料运输、肉牛生产和粪便处理。结果表明:温室气体排放量为(以CO2当量计)为11 908t,环境酸化气体排放量(以SO2当量计)为84.6t,富营养化气体排放量为(以PO43-当量计)为14.4t,光化学臭氧合成问题气体排放量为(以C2H4当量计)为1.68t。其中饲料运输主要影响全球变暖(占总排放量的49.8%)和光化学臭氧合成问题(占总排放量的54.1%),而粪便处理主要影响环境酸化(占总排放量的70.1%)和富营养化(占总排放量的76.4%),肉牛生产对环境的影响主要是全球变暖(占总排放量的18.1%)和光化学臭氧合成问题(占总排放量的30.9%)。因此,可考虑通过降低运输距离,改善饲料配方、粪便处理方式等降低污染物排放量。     

断乳牦牛犊的育肥试验及其生长发育情况的研究

[目的]为了探索在育肥条件下高寒牧区牦牛犊的生长发育情况,促使牦牛犊商品化,实施牦牛高效饲养技术与适时出栏技术相结合,改变本地区传统饲养模式,促进牦牛业向效益型畜牧业转变,为今后普及牦牛犊舍饲育肥,提供可靠数据和标准化饲养管理技术。[方法]于2012年12月~2013年5月,在贵南县开展了断乳牦牛犊舍饲育肥及生长发育效果观测试验。[结果]显示育肥牦牛犊的体高、体斜长、胸围、管围、体重分别达到了86.19cm、94.07cm、113.50cm、12.10cm、91.63kg与对照组相比差异均显著(P0.05)。[结论]对断乳牦牛犊进行舍饲育肥是牧区加快牦牛出栏、调整牛群结构、增加牧民收入的好方法。     

饲用微生物添加剂育肥杂种肉羊效果的试验

为比较青贮玉米秸秆添加与不添加饲用微生物添加剂的效果,进行了饲用微生物添加剂青贮玉米秸秆饲喂陶赛特×小尾寒羊F1代杂种肉羊育肥效果的试验。结果表明,用饲用微生物添加剂制作青贮玉米秸秆饲喂3～6月龄杂种肉羊,全期只均日增重达230．56g,较青贮玉米秸秆对照组提高7．44％．试验组只均盈利253．5元．盈利提高29．60％,经济效益显著。饲用微生物添加剂适宜在杂种肉羊生产上推广应用。     

牦牛犊牛全哺乳及育肥试验

根据月龄相近的原则选择60头牦牛犊牛进行全哺乳及育肥试验,研究全哺乳对牦牛犊牛生产发育的影响。结果表明,全哺乳不但能提高牦牛犊牛的体重,而且能提高养殖者的经济效益。     

Fast growth, protein turnover and costs of protein metabolism in yolk-sac larvae of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

In fish larvae the costs of rapid growth may be accommodated by a decrease in the rate of protein turnover or by a reduction in the costs of protein synthesis. Protein growth, synthesis and degradation were measured in yolk-sac larvae of Clarias gariepinus and the costs of protein synthesis and protein growth were estimated. Growth rates were over 100% protein weight day^-1. Protein synthesis retention efficiency (retained protein per unit of synthesis) was estimated to be 69.6%, a value comparable to that of larger fish. The larvae used 43% of their oxygen consumption for protein synthesis. Nevertheless, protein synthesis costs were close to theoretical minima. Therefore, the high growth rates of catfish yolk-sac larvae seem to be possible through minimisation of the costs of protein synthesis. These low costs are associated with high rates of protein synthesis (138%protein weight day^-1), and elevated RNA concentrations (107 µg RNA mg^-1protein), which together suggest very high RNA efficiencies (12.9 g protein synthesized g^-1RNA day^-1).