Evaluation of feeding spray-dried bovine plasma protein on production performance of laying hens exposed to high ambient temperatures

The purpose of this study was to evaluate feeding 2 levels of spray-dried bovine plasma protein (SDP) on production performance of laying hens subjected to high ambient temperatures. Two groups of 96 Hy-Line W-98 hens (38 wk of age) were housed in each of 2 environmentally controlled chambers. At 40 wk of age, all hens were fed 3 diet treatments consisting of (1) a control diet (0% SDP); (2) the control diet supplemented with 0.75% SDP; and (3) the control diet supplemented with 1.50% SDP. Hens in each chamber (8 cages of 4 hens per cage) were ad libitum fed 1 of each diet for 5 wk. The heat stress (HS) chamber was maintained at 21°C (wk 1), 29°C (wk 2), and 35°C (wk 3 to 5). The thermoneutral chamber was maintained at 21°C during wk 1 to 5. A significant main effect of week was observed for hens maintained in the HS chamber for egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed consumption, which resulted in acute heat stress causing a reduction in these parameters. Hens fed the 1.50% SDP diet in the HS chamber produced greater (P < 0.05) egg mass on average than hens fed the control or 0.75% SDP diet (wk 1 to 5). During the second week of acute HS (wk 4), hens fed the control and 1.50% SDP diets had greater (P < 0.05) egg production than those fed the 0.75% SDP diet. During wk 5, hens in the HS chamber that were fed the 1.50% SDP diet produced more (P < 0.05) eggs than those fed the control diet. Therefore, based on the results of this study, acute HS negatively affected short-term production performance. In addition, feeding hens an SDP-supplemented diet may have a slight positive effect on production performance when maintained in acute HS conditions.     

Evaluation of beta-mannanase and nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme inclusion separately or intermittently in reduced energy diets fed to male broilers on performance parameters and carcass yield

The experimental design consisted of 5 dietary treatments including a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC; with a reduction of 88 kcal/kg of AME through the starter and grower 1 phase and a reduction of 132 kcal/kg of AME in the grower 2, finisher, and withdrawal phases compared with the PC), and the NC supplemented with either β-mannanase, nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (NSPase; cocktail carbohydrase), or β-mannanase and NSPase intermittently fed. The intermittent treatment included β-mannanase from d 1 to 21 (starter and grower 1 phases) and NSPase from d 22 to 47. Each treatment included 9 replicate pens with 35 male broilers placed per replicate (1,575 total chicks placed). The dietary program consisted of 5 dietary phases, including the starter through d 10, grower 1 through d 21, grower 2 through d 32, finisher through d 40, and withdrawal through d 47. Broilers were weighed and feed consumption determined on days of dietary changes. On d 48, following an 8-h feed withdrawal, 6 broilers from each replicate pen were removed and processed for whole bird and fat pad measurements. The reduction in energy in the NC diet reduced BW and increased mortality rate, and the inclusion of β-mannanase and NSPase separately and intermittently in the NC diet improved growth performance and reduced mortality to levels that were comparable to the PC. The NC yielded the highest cumulative mortality-corrected FCR and all enzyme inclusion treatments reduced FCR to levels comparable to the PC for the duration of the trial. The NC diet yielded the lowest processing yields and the inclusion of β-mannanase and NSPase separately and intermittently increased multiple processing parameters to a level similar to the PC. These data confirm the ability of β-mannanase and NSPase inclusion separately and intermittently to improve performance parameters in reduced-energy broiler diets.     

An assessment of reproductive and lifetime performances of Kagoshima Berkshire gilts and sows

We investigated the reproductive and lifetime performances of Kagoshima Berkshire gilts and sows. We examined 20 605 parity records of 4419 pigs for 2008 to 2012 on a farrow‐to‐finish commercial farm. The mean parity (± SD) of all animals was 3.0 ± 2.1. For farrowing performance, the highest numbers of total pigs born and pigs born alive were found in sows with parities 5 and 6 and with parity 3–6, respectively (P < 0.05). Regarding weaning and mating performance, sows with parity 2 had the lowest preweaning mortality (P < 0.05). The longest weaning‐to‐first‐mating interval was found in parity 1 pigs, and the interval decreased as parity increased (P < 0.05). Parities 0 and 1 pigs had the lowest farrowing rate and those with parity 4 had the highest farrowing rate (P < 0.05). The mean parity at culling, total number of pigs born alive in a lifetime, and nonproductive days in a lifetime were 5.5 ± 2.93, 49.2 ± 24.72 pigs, and 132.1 ± 83.34 days, respectively. These animals had a lower litter size and fertility that the F₁ crossbred sows mainly used in Japan, but a similar tendency for performance by parity.     

UPLC—MS／MS法测定奶粉中烟酸醮含量

建立一种专属、灵敏、快速的超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC—MS／MS）测定奶粉中烟酸含量的方法。烟酸提取后经强阳离子交换（SCX）固相萃取柱净化,采用BEH—C18超高效液相色谱柱、20mmol／L乙酸水溶液-乙腈（体积比为20：80）流动相分离,以电喷雾离子源正离子方式进行多反应监测（MRM）。试验结果表明,1～500ng／L浓度范围内,烟酸呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R=O．9995。低、中、高3个烟酸浓度添加水平的回收率为78．2％～904％,相对标准偏差小于7％。奶粉中烟酸的检出限为0．25ug／g,定量限为O．75ug／g。采用所建方法对市售6批奶粉进行测定,烟酸含量均符合规定。所建方法适合奶粉中烟酸的含量测定。     

日粮赖氨酸水平对12～18周龄雌性临武鸭生长性能及肠道结构的影响

为研究12~18w临武鸭的赖氨酸需要量,试验随机选取健康、体重接近的84日龄雌性临武鸭210羽,分为5个处理(赖氨酸水平分别为0.55%、0.65%、0.75%、0.85%、0.95%),每处理设6个重复,每重复7只鸭,试验全期为42d。结果显示:(1)12~18周龄雌性临武鸭增重较慢,且各组试鸭间平均日采食量和日增重差异均不显著(P0.05),但0.75%赖氨酸组有增加平均增重的趋势;(2)试验各组间试鸭的十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度差异均不显著(P0.05),但有增加绒毛高度的趋势。试验结果表明,以生长性能和肠道结构为评价指标,本试验条件下12~18w龄雌性临武鸭日粮赖氨酸水平以0.75%为适宜。     

饲粮半胱氨酸水平对獭兔生产性能和SLC1A4基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中半胱氨酸含量对獭兔生长性能、毛皮品质和SLC1A4基因表达的影响。选取90日龄健康獭兔144只,随机分为4组(每组36个重复,每个重复1只)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(半胱氨酸含量为0.25%),试验组饲喂半胱氨酸含量分别为0.60%、0.70%和0.80%的试验饲粮(在基础饲粮中分别添加0.35%、0.45%和0.55%半胱氨酸)。预饲期7d,正饲期40d。试验期间每隔10d,每组随机屠宰4只獭兔,取样测定皮毛品质和SLC1A4基因表达。结果表明:(1)饲粮半胱氨酸水平为0.70%的试验组末重和平均日增重显著提高(P0.05);料重比显著降低(P0.05);四个组间平均日采食量差异不显著(P0.05)。(2)饲粮半胱氨酸水平为0.60%和0.70%的试验组饲喂到130日龄时皮张面积显著增大(P0.05);三个试验组獭兔在100日龄时被毛密度均显著大于对照组(P0.05);半胱氨酸水平为0.70%的试验组被毛密度在130日龄时显著大于其他三个组(P0.05);半胱氨酸对獭兔皮张厚度无显著性影响(P0.05)。(3)饲粮半胱氨酸含量对獭兔皮肤、肝脏和十二指肠组织中SLC1A4基因的表达量影响极显著(P0.01)。SLC1A4基因的表达量均呈现先增高后降低的趋势,饲粮中半胱氨酸水平为0.70%的试验组达到最高值。这一趋势在皮肤组织中、肝脏和十二指肠组织中分别于110日龄和100日龄时表现得较为显著。由此可见,獭兔饲粮中半胱氨酸的最优水平为0.70%,且在110日龄前使用效果最佳。     

叶黄素和中草药对高温环境中罗曼蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质的影响

试验旨在利用叶黄素与中草药组合缓解热应激对蛋鸡的危害。选取210只罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,在高温环境中设立6个试验组,每组30只鸡,Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.3%中草药+维生素C(200mg/kg),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组在饲喂基础日粮+维生素C(200mg/kg)的基础上分别添加180mg/kg、240mg/kg、300mg/kg和360mg/kg叶黄素,常温环境中设立1个试验组,有30只鸡,饲喂基础日粮,分析叶黄素、中草药、叶黄素与中草药组合对高温环境中罗曼蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。结果表明:(1)高温使蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重、蛋壳厚度分布分别显著下降9.79%、7.21%和11.55%(P0.05);(2)比Ⅰ组高温对照组相比,Ⅱ组中草药组的产蛋率、平均蛋重、鸡蛋蛋白质含量分别显著提高7.66%、4.09%和11.53%(P0.05);(3)在高温环境中,与Ⅰ组高温对照组相比,Ⅳ组中240mg/kg叶黄素与中草药组的产蛋率、蛋壳厚度显著提高6.90%和12.42%(P0.05),破软壳蛋率显著降低76.69%(P0.05),罗氏等级显著提高(P0.05),鸡蛋蛋白质含量提高8.56%(P0.05);(4)与Ⅱ组中草药组相比,Ⅳ组中240mg/kg叶黄素与中草药组合的破软壳蛋率显著降低72.26%(P0.05),罗氏等级显著提高(P0.05)。试验结果显示,在本试验条件下,高温使蛋鸡的生产性能下降,0.3%中草药能提高高温环境中蛋鸡的产蛋率,蛋鸡日粮中添加240mg/kg的叶黄素+0.3%中草药可提高高温环境中蛋鸡的产蛋性能,改善蛋品质。     

Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus x Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle

Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.     

酶制剂对黄颡鱼生长性能的影响

研究了黄颡鱼日粮中添加酶制剂对其生产性能的影响。试验用平均体重6.5g的黄颡鱼540尾分成5组（4个试验和1个对应组），每个试验组设2个平行，酶制剂分别按0％、0.05%、0．10％、0．15％、0．25％添加，通过40天的饲养试验。试验结果表明：添加酶制剂可以提高黄颡鱼的生长速度和饲料转化率（P＜0．05）其最佳添加水平为0．15％。     

Growth and fry production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), on different feeding schedules

The effect of scheduled use of high‐protein and low‐protein diets on body weight and fry production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), was determined. A preliminary feeding trial was first conducted on fingerlings. These were fed a high‐protein diet (H, 25% protein) or a low‐protein diet (L, 18% protein) daily, or diet H for 1–3 days followed by diet L for 1–4 days. Final body weight was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fish fed diet H daily and in fish fed diet H for 2–3 days followed by diet L for 1 day (2H?1L and 3H?1L). Fingerlings on 1H?1L and 3H?2L had slightly lower growth. Based on the response of the fingerlings, five feeding schedules were tested with the broodstock. A high‐protein diet (HP, 40%) and a low‐protein diet (LP, 25%; same as H for fingerlings) were used. Feeding schedules significantly influenced body weight of female but not the male fish. Fry production was not significantly affected by the feeding schedule for broodstock. When growth, fry production and saving in feed cost were all considered, the broodstock on 1HP?1LP and 3HP?2LP feeding schedules both gave the highest overall performance. These findings give fish farmers an option in the management of feeding of tilapia broodstock.