口服补液盐的临床应用与动物实验研究

作者于1983年开始将以葡萄糖—钠泵学说为理论的口服补液盐(ORS)技术引入我国畜牧兽医领域,经过几年的临床研究;先后在防治犊牛、猪、雏鸡和犬的腹泻脱水等获得86～98.7％的成功率。健康绵羊ORS液吸收实验和与静脉输液、口服蒸溜水吸收比较实验证明,ORS液的各种成分在服后2小时内,不仅能被胃肠粘膜吸收,极显著改善红细胞压积(P<0.01),而且初步观察到促水分吸收的葡萄糖—钠泵现象。     

暹罗鳄外周血白细胞提取物抗菌活性的初步研究

用离心和细胞破碎沉淀法提取暹罗鳄外周血白细胞的抗菌活性物质,测定其对10种细菌的体外抗菌活性。结果表明：暹罗鳄外周血白细胞提取物对埃希氏大肠杆菌、海豚链球菌、多杀性巴斯德菌、温和气单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌、创伤弧菌、霍乱弧菌10种细菌均有一定的抗菌效力;其中,对海豚链球菌的抗菌效力最强,抑菌圈达22．1mm;对大肠杆菌的抗菌效力次之,抑菌圈达21．7mm;对霍乱弧菌的抗菌效力较弱,抑菌圈为7mm。实验还测定了理化因子对暹罗鳄外周血白细胞提取物抗菌活性的影响,发现其具有酸溶性、EDTA敏感性和热稳定性等特点。据此特点,初步确定暹罗鳄外周血白细胞中所含的抗菌活性物质是抗菌肽。比较了暹罗鳄外周血白细胞和密西西比红耳龟、花田鸡外周血白细胞提取物的抗菌效力的强弱,发现前者对于实验所用10种细菌的抗菌效力明显强于后两者;其中,对链球菌的抗菌效力,暹罗鳄外周血白细胞提取物最强,抑菌圈达21．3mm,密西西比红耳龟外周血白细胞提取物次之,抑菌圈为5．3mm,花田鸡白细胞提取物最弱,抑菌圈为0．67mm。说明暹罗鳄外周血白细胞中存在一种或数种具有广谱、高效的抗菌活性物质。     

重组鸡β-防御素6基因的表达和生物学特性的研究

目的为开发中药防治畜禽沙门氏菌病,根据沙门氏菌病中兽医辩证进行中药组方,为今后畜禽养殖减抗限抗的替代疗法提供参考。方法采用倍比稀释法检测复方板蓝根口服液对鸡白痢沙门氏菌的最小抑菌质量浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),扫描电镜观察菌体形态变化。试验选取150羽1日龄雏鸡,随机取出30羽做空白组,其余120羽人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌,制备雏鸡感染模型。将感染雏鸡随机分为模型组、中药治疗组、西药治疗组和中药预防组,每组30羽。观察雏鸡的发病率及死亡率。于治疗后1、3和5 d检测血清中IL-1β和TNF-α的含量;实时荧光PCR检测禽β-防御素6 (avian beta-defensin 6,AvBD6) 和鸡Toll样受体15 (chicken toll-like receptor 15,ChTLR15) 在雏鸡小肠中的转录水平。结果体外试验结果显示：MIC和MBC分别为62.5和125 mg/mL;扫描电镜下可见菌体出现溢缩,断裂形成许多残体,形状不规则。中药预防组可降低雏鸡的发病率及死亡率。与模型组相比,中药预防组和中药治疗组均可降低IL-1β和TNF-α含量。而ChTLR15和AvBD6在感染初期表达量高,治疗后期趋于正常。结论复方板蓝根口服液对鸡白痢沙门氏菌有明显的抑制作用,其杀菌机制是通过改变菌体的形态结构使细菌丧失活性。试验证实复方板蓝根口服液可有效预防雏鸡沙门氏菌感染,并能有效降低体内炎性因子水平,减轻炎症反应。     

计算机辅助的非英语专业《英语新闻报刊导读》课

为本科非英语专业学生开设计算机辅助的<英语新闻报刊导读>课很有必要.该课程以建构主义理论为基础,要求改变以教师为中心、单纯传授语言知识的传统教学模式,强调以学生为中心,在教师的组织、引导、帮助和促进下,利用情景、协作、会话等学习环境要素,充分发挥学生的主动性、积极性和创造性,使学生实现对所学的语言知识和其他相关知识的意义建构,提高学生阅读真实英语报刊文章的能力.文章从该课程的定位与实施、教学原则、教学模式与方法等方面进行了具体论述.     

农村畜禽疫病防控存在问题及解决方案

畜禽防疫工作事关人们身体健康、畜禽行业健康稳定发展。该文分析农村畜禽疫病防控现存问题,提出相应的对策。     

有关土地测绘质量问题和处理研究

文章就土地测绘的内涵解析作为切入点,浅要论述了土地测绘质量问题的影响因素,并就土地测绘质量问题影响因素的处理提出了一些浅薄的建议。以期促进我国土地测绘质量的提升。     

Demonstrating freedom from disease using multiple complex data sources 2: case study--classical swine fever in Denmark

A method for quantitative evaluation of surveillance for disease freedom has been presented in the accompanying paper (Martin et al., 2007). This paper presents an application of the methods, using as an example surveillance for classical swine fever (CSF) in Denmark in 2005. A scenario tree model is presented for the abattoir-based serology component of the Danish CSF surveillance system, in which blood samples are collected in an ad hoc abattoir sampling process, from adult pigs originating in breeding herds in Denmark. The model incorporates effects of targeting (differential risk of seropositivity) associated with age and location (county), and disease clustering within herds. A surveillance time period of one month was used in the analysis. Records for the year 2005 were analysed, representing 25,332 samples from 3528 herds; all were negative for CSF-specific antibodies. Design prevalences of 0.1-1% of herds and 5% of animals within an infected herd were used. The estimated mean surveillance system component (SSC) sensitivities (probability that the SSC would give a positive outcome given the animals processed and that the country is infected at the design prevalences) per month were 0.18, 0.63 and 0.86, for among-herd design prevalences of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01. The probabilities that the population was free from CSF at each of these design prevalences, after a year of accumulated negative surveillance data, were 0.91, 1.00 and 1.00. Targeting adults and herds from South Jutland was estimated to give approximately 1.9, 1.6 and 1.4 times the surveillance sensitivity of a proportionally representative sampling program for these three among-herd design prevalences.     

从土壤中分离棉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfetum (Atk) Synder & Hansen)选择性培养基研究

本文介绍一种用于分离检测土壤中棉枯萎病菌的选择性培养基—植选2号。其成分为:KH_2PO_41g,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.5g,K_2S_2O_50.2g,KCl0.6g,NH_4NO_3 0.5g,蛋白胨5g,山梨糖10g,蔗糖5g,琼脂20g,蒸馏水1000ml,PCNB 620mg,Oxgall1g,硫酸链霉素300mg,盐酸金霉素75mg。根据棉枯萎病在此培养基上的形态特征,能较容易地识别和检测该病菌。