药用植物地黄不同部位粗提液体外抑菌活性的比较研究

采用分光光度法分析比较了药用植物地黄不同部位乙醇提取液的体外抑菌活性。以地黄花、叶、根等3个部位为试验材料,以80%乙醇为提取溶剂,制备乙醇提取液,以常见致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌为受试菌株,测定各处理菌悬液OD值,并计算抑菌率。研究结果表明,地黄不同部位醇提液对金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用,不同部位抑菌效果不同,其中以地黄叶醇提液抑菌作用最强,当浓度为80g/L时,其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到72.43%,MIC为5.0g/L,EC50值为10.651g/L,并且其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用与提取液质量浓度间正相关性最为显著。     

不同产地鲜姜乙醇浸提物化学成分分析及6-姜酚含量的测定

[目的]分析比较不同产地鲜姜乙醇浸提物的化学成分并定量测定鲜姜中6-姜酚的含量。[方法]采用GC-MS分析不同产地鲜姜乙醇浸提物中的化学成分,采用HPLC法测定鲜姜中6-姜酚的含量。[结果]5个不同产地的鲜姜乙醇浸提物中分别鉴定出39、44、45、49、44种化合物,其主要成分为姜酚、姜烯酚类、姜酮酚类及姜油酮类等;由于产地不同,各产地鲜姜的乙醇浸提物组成成分及相对含量存在较大差异。姜酚类化合物在鲜姜中含量相对较高,约占总挥发油的30%左右。采用HPLC法测定鲜姜中6-姜酚的含量,结果显示,6-姜酚在0.024 8～0.124 mg/ml浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系（r=0.996 6,n=5）,平均加样回收率为99.20%,RSD为1.26%。[结论]GC-MS法能快速、简便、高效的检测鲜姜乙醇浸提物的化学成分,HPLC测定法简便可靠、重复性好,可用于鲜姜中6-姜酚的含量测定。     

大叶桃花心木抽提物对菜青虫的杀虫活性研究

将楝科植物大叶桃花心木叶的甲醇抽提物用氯仿萃取，所得萃取物对菜青虫进行生物活性测试．结果表明，萃取物有高效的毒杀与生长发育抑制作用．1％药液浸叶饲喂法处理试虫，5d后试虫的生长比率为24．5％，7d后校正死亡率达92．5％，拒食率为94．4％，但触杀作用则为中等活性；而点滴法处理的LC_(50)为2．43％．以植物性杀虫剂川楝素与印楝油做药效比较，表明萃取物的拒食与生长发育抑制活性高于印楝油．     

杨树与溃疡病菌相互作用的生理病理化学研究——Ⅱ溃疡病菌毒素粗提物对寄主的影响初探

从含杨树树皮浸提液的改良Ｆｒｉｅｓ３号培养基培养的杨树溃疡病菌（Ｄｏｔｈｉｏｒｅｌａｇｒｅｇａｒｉａ）代谢产物中分离出毒素粗提物。对不同抗病性杨树材料处理结果发现，该粗提物能使叶子出现黑斑和萎蔫，并使材料细胞膜透性增大、脯氨酸含量增加，且对感病品种北京杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ×ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）的影响大于抗病品种毛白杨（Ｐ．ｔｏｍｅｎｔｏｓａ）。这表明，溃疡病菌在活体外培养的代谢产物中含有毒素，初步定为８０％丙酮沉淀物     

茶叶提取物对抗肺癌细胞(A549)体外试验研究

观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、茶黄素-3、3'-双没食子酸酯(TFDG)、茶黄素(TF)、茶黄素复合物(TFs)、葡萄籽提取物(GrapeSeedExtract,GSE)、松树皮提取物(PineBarkExtract,PBE)、咖啡因(Caf)、槲寄生(VCE)和茶氨酸(The)的体外抗癌活性,通过人肺癌细胞(A549)进行体外试验,结果表明除咖啡因、槲寄生、茶氨酸的作用较小以外其他几种均有很强的促进人肺癌细胞(A549)凋亡的作用,并且EGCG的作用最强,顺序为EGCG、TFs>GSE>PBE、TFDG>TF。用作图法求得EGCG、GSE、PBE、TFDG和TF的IC50值分别为1.01μM、21.91μM、31.01μM、32.87μM和279.67μM。     

Antiradical properties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) flour extracts

Epidemiological studies support the belief that whole grains are protective against several chronic diseases. The health benefits of whole grains are attributed in part to their unique phytochemical composition. Major phytochemicals in grains include various classes of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and coumarin derivatives, etc. Phenolic compounds present in grains possess antioxidant properties that are associated with the health benefits of grains and grain products. Sorghum is one of the main staple cereal grains in hot dry tropics and ranks fifth among cereal crops in the world. Although sorghum is rich in phenolics and tannins which are proven anticancer and cardioprotective constituents, human consumption of sorghum is limited. To our knowledge, there is limited literature on the profile of antioxidant phytochemicals in the local white variety of sorghum. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant property of white sorghum flour extracts in vitro and also to identify the fractions responsible for the antioxidant activity. In the present study, we analyzed the antioxidative properties of various extracts (water, 60% methanol, 60% ethanol, and 60% t-butanol) of white sorghum flour employing the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) model system. Phenolics, antiradical and antioxidant activities were also examined in chromatographic sub-fractions of the soxhlet methanolic extract. Our results indicated that the various extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity that did not correlate with the phenolic content. Further, two sub-fractions eluted with methanol and acetone/methanol were found to possess strong antioxidant activity in two assay systems. Our results suggest that a diet rich in sorghum may be useful in combating diseases in which free radical production plays a key role.     

Effects of Cultivar and Environment on β-(1,3)-(1,4)-D-glucan Content and Acid Extract Viscosity of Spanish Barleys

The acid extract viscosities and β-glucan contents of ten two- and six-rowed barley cultivars grown at seven locations in three consecutive years in Spain were studied in the present work. The viscosities varied from 2·4 to 24·8 centistokes (cSt) and the mean value was 6·4 cSt. The average β-glucan content of barleys determined by HPLC was 3·5% with a range of 1·9–5·5%. Significant differences were found in both β-glucan content and acid extract viscosity between different cultivars, locations and years. The β-glucan contents and viscosities of winter cultivars were higher than those of spring. Cvs. Barbarrosa and Hatif de Grignon were the genotypes with the highest values for both parameters, while cv. Beka had the lowest viscosity and β-glucan content. Environmental factors influenced both parameters. The acid extract viscosities of barleys were correlated negatively with the amount of precipitation (r=−0·754;P<0·05). Barleys grown in wet and rainy areas (Girona and La Coruña) had lower viscosity values.     

山奈不同溶剂提取物对DPPH自由基的清除作用

[目的]为山奈的综合利用和新型天然抗氧化剂的开发提供理论依据。[方法]山奈干燥粉碎后,用石油醚索氏抽提脱脂,以95%乙醇为溶剂,超声提取得山奈粗提物。粗提物依次用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和重蒸水萃取,分别得到乙酸乙酯提取物（EAK）、正丁醇提取物（BK）和水提取物（WK）。用清除DPPH自由基法测试山奈不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。[结果]对0.081mg/mlDPPH自由基清除率为50%时,山奈的乙酸乙酯提取物（EAK）、正丁醇提取物（BK）和水提取物（WK）的使用浓度分别为5.48、1.10、10.02mg/ml,3种提取物对自由基的清除能力（DPPH质量/提取物质量）分别为14.78、73.64、8.08。[结论]山奈正丁醇提取物对自由基的清除效果最好。     

当归营养期的化感作用

为探讨当归(Angelica sinensis)自毒作用与连作障碍的关系并建立合理的轮作制度,利用4个浓度当归营养期根部及茎叶部水浸液对当归及其种植区常见作物油菜(Brassica campestris)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)和燕麦(Avena sativa)的种子和幼苗进行了生物测定。分析结果表明,当归具明显的自毒作用(敏感指数M3=-0.258 3),茎叶部分的自毒效应强于根部,且作用强度随浓度增加而增强;小麦和燕麦对当归的化感作用有一定的耐受能力,综合敏感指数(M)分别为-0.075 5和-0.144 7;而油菜对当归的化感作用较为敏感,综合敏感指数为-0.307 9,这一结果与实际种植情况不符,推断可能与当归化感物质在土壤中的转化导致化感作用降低有关。在种间化感作用的研究中发现根部的化感作用强于茎叶,并有高抑制低促进的浓度效应。试验结果说明当归的自毒作用是造成连作障碍的原因之一;当归对小麦和燕麦的化感作用较弱,可以用于当归轮作体系,缓解因自毒作用而引起的连作障碍。     

Relationship between resistance to vole browsing and content of ether extract in the bark of larch species and hybrids

We determined the survival rate of tree families produced by the intra- and interspecific crossing of larch species damaged by browsing of vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae Thomas) and the contents of ether extracts (EE) in their bark. The average survival ofLarix gmelini var.japonica Pilg. (L. gmelini)×L. gmelini (G×G) was highest, followed by the hybridL. gmelini×L. leptolepis Gordon (G×L). The families of the hybrid G×L, which is considered suitable for silviculture in Hokkaido, Japan, showed significant differences in survival rates, suggesting that it is possible to produce improved varieties of the hybrid which are more resistant to vole browsing. The EE contents of the bark were under strong hereditary control, and the rank of the EE content among the various families hardly fluctuated between the location of the test fields. The correlation coefficient between the survival rates and the EE contents was highly significant (r=0.89,n=24,p<0.01), indicating that the EE content in the bark may be used as a possible index of resistance or susceptibility to vole browsing in larch plantations. A part of this report was presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society, at Sapporo, April, 1995.