Effects of 2 training methods on stress-related behaviors of the dog (Canis familiaris) and on the dog–owner relationship

Instrumental learning plays an important role in dog–human interactions. The recent demand for pet dog training has resulted in the development of various training methods. The present exploratory study aims to compare the effects of 2 training methods on both the behavioral welfare of the dog and the dog–owner relationship: the first method is based on positive reinforcement (appearance of an appetitive stimulus), whereas the second method is based on negative reinforcement (disappearance of an aversive stimulus). The study compared behaviors linked to signs of stress and attentive behaviors toward the owner in 2 dog training schools, which used different methods. Walking on-leash activity and obeying the “sit” command were studied. The results show that dogs from the school using a negative reinforcement–based method demonstrated lowered body postures and signals of stress, whereas dogs from the school using a positive reinforcement–based method showed increased attentiveness toward their owner. However, neither method affected avoidance behaviors. This exploratory study reveals the differential effects of the 2 training methods on dogs' behaviors; it suggests that training methods based on positive reinforcement are less stressful and potentially better for their welfare.     

依托驻保高校产业化拓展就业渠道的途径及对策研究

加快高校产业化进程,建立产学研一体化技术创新机制,是目前拓展就业渠道,促进就业工作的新模式.从驻保高校产业化发展现状出发,从技术优势、人才优势和校企合作优势3个方向阐述了通过驻保高校产业化拓展就业渠道的影响和意义,最后通过具体案例介绍了拓展就业渠道的途径手段.     

德国农业职业教育专业教师培养模式及其启发

德国“双元制”农业职业教育的师资分为农业职业学校教师、农业企业(农场)培训师、实训顾问三大类,教师资格的取得和在职培训都有非常明确的法律和制度要求。德国农业职业教育专业教师培养由在校学习阶段、见习实习阶段和在职继续教育三个阶段组成。德国经验启发我们在农业职业教育的师资培养中要做好本硕博连读培养,重视教师的入职前的专业实践能力和教学能力的培养。     

Effect of high intensity training on anaerobic capacity of middle gluteal muscle in Thoroughbred horses

We hypothesize that high intensity training for Thoroughbred horses that have been subjected to conventional training could further improve the metabolic properties of the middle gluteal muscle. Nine well-trained horses were subjected to high intensity (80-100% Vdot;O(2)max, 5 minx2) training for 12 weeks. Biopsy samples were obtained from the muscle before and after 4 and 12 weeks of training. Three of the 9 horses did not complete the training programme. In the remaining 6 horses, activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and 3-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase (HAD), and the composition of myosin heavy chain isoforms were analyzed by biochemical techniques. After 12 weeks of training, a significant increase was found in PFK activity but not in the SDH and HAD activities. There were no significant changes in the composition of myosin heavy chain isoforms. The high intensity training in this study was effective at increasing glycolytic enzyme activity, indicating the possibility to improve anaerobic capacity, which potentially could contribute greatly to performance in Thoroughbred horses. This study also highlighted a fact that high intensity training should be given with the great care to prevent the skeletal muscle injuries.     

银杏幼胚离体诱导培养技术研究

该试验以银杏幼胚作为外植体,以0.1％HgCl2 溶液作为消毒剂,设置消毒时间为 6min、8min、10min 三个配比,采用4 种不同配比的诱导培养基配方对银杏幼胚进行诱导培养研 究。通过比较不同消毒时间下银杏幼胚的成活率、萌发率、污染率,及不同诱导培养基上银杏幼 胚萌发成苗的生长状态,最后结果得出:幼胚使用0.1％HgCl2 消毒8min 最佳;MS＋1.0 mg· L-1 6-BA＋1.0mg·L-1 NAA 配方最有利于银杏幼胚诱导。     

高校社会工作专业人才队伍培养中创新创业 教育的探索与实践

新时代对高校社会工作专业人才队伍培养提出了新要求,将创新创业教育理念与方法 融入专业人才培养,有利于将高校社会工作专业人才就业数量增长转变为质量飞跃,更加体现 社会工作“助人自助”的专业理念,同时也对探索专业人才队伍培养与创新创业教育体系建设具 有深刻的启示。     

研究型大学多校区办学的利弊分析

20世纪90年代中后期以来,高等教育由精英化逐渐向大众化转变,高校招生规模逐步扩大,多校区办学成为高校新的发展形式。本文分析了研究型大学多校区办学的现状、存在的问题,结合我国社会经济发展和学生素质的新特点,提出了研究型大学多校区办学在管理上的改进措施。     

论课堂环境下的自主英语学习

"课堂环境下"的英语学习"少有习得"(acquisition-poor).外语课堂环境至少有以下含义英语较大程度上是知识而非必需的谋生手段,这一特点常常导致学习动机不足;用于真实交际的语言输入数量严重不足,质量粗糙;外语学用分开;学习难度大、所需时间跨度长、学习过程易受干扰,学习者难以长期保持英语学习自觉性.这些特点影响了二语习得的过程,并与其它因素共同造成外语学习的"费时低效".文章以英语学习为例,论证了自主学习的必要性和重要性,并指出教师帮助学生获得自主学习能力的途径重视学习兴趣的培养,激发学习动机;     

基于应用型人才培养的独立学院创业教育问题研究

创业教育在独立学院高素质应用型人才培养中发挥着越来越重要的作用.然而,独立学院对创业教育不重视、创业教育课程缺失、创业平台较少、大学生创业能力不足等问题依然存在.为此,要从重塑办学理念、加强师资队伍建设、强化平台建设、注重能力拓展等方面改进独立学院的创业教育.     

数学思想在高等农业院校人才培养中的作用

结合高等农业院校人才培养的具体实际,对高等农业院校数学教育教学的现状及存在的问题进行了分析,同时就数学思想在高等农业院校人才培养中的作用进行了探讨。提出数学教育既要重视形式逻辑的推理,又要掌握数学的思想方法。教师存传授知识的同时,应该注意培养学生应用数学知识解决实际问题的能力。