育肥猪呼吸道疾病综合征病理学观察和病原学检测

猪呼吸道疾病综合征是一种由病毒、细菌、环境应激和猪体免疫力低下等多因素相互作用引起的呼吸道疾病。2009年2～4月,上海农场某猪场一批育肥猪出现疑似病例,表现为食欲下降,咳嗽,呼吸困难,生长缓慢和料肉比降低。本研究在流行病学调查的基础上,剖检8头病猪观察其病理变化,主要表现为肺脏弥慢性实变,弹性降低,间质增宽,有的水肿、气肿,或纤维素性胸膜肺炎。病原检测结果显示,该发病猪群主要病原为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型和副猪嗜血杆菌。本研究为猪呼吸道疾病综合征的防治提供了依据。     

血常规在宠物临床上的意义

以研究血常规检查在宠物临床中的意义为目的。采用血常规检查,包括定量检测结果（白细胞总数计数、白细胞分类计数、红细胞计数及指数、血小板计数及指数）、定性检测结果（血涂片形态学检查）,从而使血常规检查能为宠物临床诊断、疗效的观察及疾病的预后等提供参考。     

基于B/S模式的在线考试系统设计与测试

利用网络和数据库技术，结合目前硬件价格下降和宽带网迅速发展的优势，基于B／S模式开发了在线考试系统——JSP应用程序。该系统具有试题(卷)录入、修改、手工与自动组卷、在线考试及考试成绩分析等功能。使用简单，操作方便，具有一定的实用性。     

对大学生功利主义倾向的几点思考

本文从在校大学生学习、生活等方面的表现论述了由于社会环境和校园环境的双重影响,大学生功利主义倾向的日趋严重性,并提出了要学校多部门共同协作,从根本上改变这一倾向。     

Thoracic percussion to determine the caudal lung border in healthy horses

BACKGROUND: The application of equine thoracic percussion has been ignored because of the availability of modern imaging techniques. Ultrasonography is a reliable tool in determining the caudal lung border of horses. The aim of the study was to compare percussion with ultrasonography to determine lung borders in horses. HYPOTHESIS: That thoracic percussion can detect the caudal lung border and that its accuracy is comparable with thoracic ultrasonography. ANIMALS: Fifteen randomly chosen, healthy, Warmblood horses. METHODS: The caudal lung border was detected by percussion and ultrasonography at the end of inspiration and expiration on both sides of the thorax. A reference point close to the withers was determined, allowing standardized measurements. The distance between this point and the caudal lung border in different intercostal spaces (ICS) was measured by a tape measure. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between percussional and ultrasonographic results. Greater differences were found between inspiration and expiration by ultrasonography compared with percussion in all intercostal spaces on both sides of the thorax. It was significant (P = .028) in the 12th ICS in the right hemithorax. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Percussion is a reliable tool to determine the caudal lung border in healthy horses. Differences caused by the displacement of the lung during respiration should be taken into consideration when applying either method.     

Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats (Capra hicus)

Objective To document normal ophthalmic findings and ocular abnormalities in captive adult pygmy goats. Animals studied Ten healthy adult pygmy goats (five male, five female; 5–11 years of age; 26–45 kg body mass) underwent complete ophthalmic examinations. Procedure Direct illumination, diffuse and slit‐beam biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, IOP measurements and Schirmer tear tests were performed. TonoVet^® rebound tonometry, followed by topical application of 0.5% ophthalmic proparacaine, and Tono‐Pen XL^® applanation tonometry were performed in each eye to obtain estimates of IOP. Results Ophthalmic abnormalities included corneal scars and pigmentation, incipient cataracts, lenticular sclerosis, and vitreal veiling. Mean STT values were 15.8 mm/min, with a range of 10–30 mm/min. Mean IOP values were 11.8 mmHg for TonoVet^®‐D, with a range of 9–14 mmHg; 7.9 mmHg for TonoVet^®‐P, with a range of 6–12 mmHg; and 10.8 mmHg for Tono‐Pen XL^®, with a range of 8–14 mmHg. Conclusions Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats, including normal means and ranges for STT and IOP measurements, using applanation and rebound tonometry, are provided.     

朝鲜白头翁不定根分生结节形态学和解剖学观#br# 察

 以朝鲜白头翁幼嫩叶片诱导产生的不定根为材料诱导分生结节。采取Epon 812 树脂和石蜡 包埋切片技术分别对诱导初期的单个分生结节和培养5 ~ 6 周的组织进行组织切片研究。结果显示：（1） 不定根在诱导培养基上分化形成独立的表面光滑的球形分生结节。（2）单个分生结节顶端为3 ~ 4 层分生 细胞,其表皮和皮层上也观察到分生细胞。（3）分生结节分化后,结构上存在两种类型,一种为由分生 细胞、维管束、薄壁细胞和分化形成的小芽原基组成的结构,芽原基基部由排列整齐的表皮细胞组成, 不定芽之间结合较松散,与母体结合不紧密,易脱离,为独立的个体;另一种结构由排列规则的表皮细 胞环绕而成,其表皮细胞上广泛分布染色较深的球形、椭圆形或心形的体细胞胚状体,整个结构细胞大 小一致,无内部结构。结果证实,朝鲜白头翁不定根来源的分生结节上同时发生器官分化和直接体细胞 胚分化,分生结节也可分化形成胚性愈伤组织,通过愈伤组织间接再生体细胞胚。     

雏鹅感染烟曲霉鉴定与病理组织学观察

为确定荣昌3个养鹅场雏鹅感染的真菌种类,本研究采集病死雏鹅肺脏病变组织样本进行病原分离,对分离的真菌进行了形态学鉴定和ITS2序列PCR扩增及测序分析。结果显示:分离的真菌菌落颜色、菌丝结构、孢子无性繁殖方式均符合烟曲霉的特征,ITS2序列与GenBank的烟曲霉AF454113、AF454114、AY660923菌株同源性均为100%。分离菌株雏鹅回归试验显示,感染雏鹅气囊有真菌结节,肺泡壁增厚,毛细血管淤血,支气管管腔有脓性纤维蛋白或粘液,肝细胞变性坏死,淋巴细胞浸润等病变。肺脏主要表现为非典型肺炎,肝脏主要表现为实质性肝炎。本研究为临床诊断曲霉病提供了实验依据。     

利用近红外光谱技术检测掺假豆浆

为了对豆乳内在营养指标及掺假豆乳进行快速检测,试验运用近红外光谱技术,利用偏最小二乘法进行回归分析,分别建立83个真伪豆浆样品的蛋白质和总固形物含量定标模型,并对模型的预测性能进行分析。结果表明:选取主成分数为12和14,蛋白质和总固形物含量的近红外光谱预测值与化学实测值之间的相关系数R分别为0.9756和0.9489,校正均方根误差分别为0.186和0.175,预测集样品的预测值和实测值之间的残差值均较小、接近零,残差之和分别为-0.074和-1.191,说明建立的定标模型可以准确预测豆浆中蛋白质和总固形物含量,且预测性能较好;通过对预测集样品的预测值与豆浆行业标准规定值相比较,确定预测集样品中掺假豆浆的正确判别率为100%,说明建立的蛋白质和总固形物含量定标模型可以应用于掺假豆浆的判别检测,且判别结果准确率高。本试验表明利用近红外光谱技术可实现对豆浆主要品质指标的快速无损检测,也可准确进行真伪豆浆的快速判别,本检测方法可为豆乳行业健康持续发展提供一定的技术支撑。     

基于偏振光和聚类分析的皮蛋壳裂纹无损检测(英文)

检测出缸皮蛋蛋壳是否有裂纹是确保皮蛋质量的重要环节。腌制好的皮蛋蛋壳表面大量的灰褐色斑点和一些大块黑斑使得其蛋壳表面的裂纹不易检测。皮蛋表壳斑点和裂纹的微细结构不同,对偏振光的退偏程度也不一样,可以利用皮蛋表壳各点偏振度的差异来识别其裂纹。该文设计了皮蛋表壳偏振图像采集系统,基于皮蛋0、45°、90°、-45°4个偏振角度的图像和斯托克斯公式获得皮蛋表壳裂纹的偏振度图像,对偏振图像进行阈值预处理后,以皮蛋表壳偏振图像中像素最高且连通区域最大部分作为中心,截取100×100像素的图像,提取该图像裂纹长度、均方比、偏度和峰度等4个特征参数,采用Kmeans聚类分析算法准确识别了皮蛋表壳裂纹。试验证明,该方法综合准确率为93%,其中好壳皮蛋识别准确率为100%,裂纹蛋识别准确率为88.3%,这表明偏振光检测技术能有效地识别皮蛋蛋壳裂纹。