Considering and comparing regeneration in natural and man-made stands in northern Iran

In this study the regeneration diversity of Syahkal forests afforestated and natural stands in north of Iran was studied and compared from the point of view of evenness and diversity index.In order to accomplish this study two natural and man-made stands that almost are located in the same height above the sea level were chosen.The area of each stand was 30 ha and the inventory was done by the random-systematic method with a 5R land measurement(500 m2)selected.Also,in order to study the regeneration in the center of each sample piece 125 square meters micro plots were formed.The results show that regeneration diversity index in natural stands is more than that in man-made stands which in this case Mc-Arthur index with 2.41 has the most amount while Simpson index with 0.543 has the least amount.But the evenness indexes in man-made stands are more than that in natural stand which the main reason is the purity of the man-made stand.     

长期水分胁迫对典型湿地植物群落多样性特征的影响

 不同水位梯度下的典型植被多样性特征研究,对湿地保护与恢复工作的开展具有重要借鉴意义。本研究基于为期３年的水分模拟试验,分析了不同水位梯度下,三江平原典型湿草甸、沼泽化草甸及沼泽群落多样性特征动态变化及响应差别。研究发现,沼泽化草甸群落与沼泽群落的３个多样性指数对不同水位梯度的响应较湿草甸群落明显;３个典型群落的Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ指数和物种丰富度总体均表现为随水位梯度的升高而下降的趋势,且每个群落均以物种丰富度的响应最为明显;而群落均匀度指数随水位梯度的升高以及淹水时间的延长,呈升高趋势;植物群落组成及格局在胁迫早期受水分条件影响最大,但最终格局是各环境及生物因子共同作用的结果。     

大花金鸡菊入侵对植物多样性的影响

采用样方法研究了青岛市5个不同生境下大花金鸡菊（Coreopsis grandiflora）入侵地植物的种类和数量,分析了其物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数,并计算出每种植物的重要值。5个样地共采集本地植物92种,隶属16科,以菊科和禾本科最多,其中出现频率较高或植株数量较多的植物共33种。大花金鸡菊入侵地物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon Wiener指数和Pielou指数较对照均有下降,最大下降幅度分别为34.75%、60.53%、58.22%和41.98%。大花金鸡菊的平均重要值高达56.92%,远大于群落中其他植物的重要值,并且和群落的物种丰富度有显著相关性(R2=0.907),当大花金鸡菊重要值高于20.25%时,样方内物种丰富度随着重要值的增加而减少,对入侵地的植物多样性产生不利的影响。     

城市沥青混凝土路面平整度影响因素分析

平整度是影响道路使用性能、评定道路使用品质的重要指标之一。本文从设计、施工、管理等角度对城市道路沥青路面平整度的影响因素进行了全面系统分析 ,并提出了提高路面平整度的技术措施。     

毛竹纸浆竹林均匀度及整齐度研究

笔者通过不同海拔高与纸浆毛竹林立竹均匀度和整齐度的关系研究,结果表明：纸浆毛竹林的立竹均匀度与整齐度均随海拔高度的增加而减小的变化趋势。竹林采取措施能提高竹林的均匀度与整齐度,其施肥样地的U值与E值分别是未施肥样地1．45与1．17倍。     

黑光灯下昆虫群落时空格局的多样性研究

本文测定了湖北省七个点黑光灯下诱捕昆虫群落的种多样性、均匀度和丰富度,分析了其时空格局的动态变化,阐明了多样性、均匀度和丰富度三者之间的关系。     

川西亚高山森林群落物种多样性与群落结构研究

采用多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数对川西亚高山6种典型森林群落物种多样性和群落结构进行研究,结果表明:①各类型森林群落物种多样性指数表现为常绿、落叶阔叶林>云杉冷杉混交林、云杉白桦混交林、冷杉糙皮桦林>冷杉纯林;②在海拔800～3150m范围内,各类森林群落物种多样性指数及均匀度指数随着海拔升高而降低;③植物生长型与群落多样性指数的关系表现为灌木层与草本层物种丰富度指数相近且明显高于乔木层,物种多样性指数则表现出草本层>灌木层>乔木层的规律;④从群落起源看,人工林群落上层结构比天然林群落简单,且人工林群落中草本层的物种多样性指数显著高于其他层次;⑤人工林群落高位芽植物明显少于天然林群落,地下芽植物和一年生草本植物则高于天然林群落;在天然林群落中高位芽植物在生活型谱中占绝对优势;⑥在森林经营中,应根据生境特点调控亚高山森林群落结构,丰富物种多样性,促进群落结构优化;同时,减少对天然林群落的人为扰动,保护生物多样性,从而充分发挥其生态服务功能。     

Long-term effect of fire on herbaceous species diversity in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests in northern Iran

We studied the long-term impacts of natural burning on herbaceous species diversity 37 years after a fire occurred in the Roudbar forests of Guilan Province, northern Iran. Numerous studies have examined short-term changes in understory vegetation following wildfire; however, very few long-term studies are available or changes inferred from retrospective studies based on chronosequences. For this study, 170 ha of forest (85 ha, burned areas; 85 ha, unburned areas) were surveyed. Because the 1000 m 2 plots were too large for detailed measurements of herbaceous species, we determined a sub-sample size according to the Whittaker’s nested plot sampling protocol and minimal areas method. Hence, sub-plots of 32 m 2 were used for herbaceous species measurements, which consisted of percent cover of each species based on the Domin criterion. We measured plant diversity (Shannon-Wiener index), species richness (Margalef’s index), and evenness (Smith-Wilson index). Mean percent cover, together with diversity, richness and evenness, increased markedly in burned areas compared to unburned controls. This suggests that the biodiversity of these forests could be restored within 37 years after fire. However, the abundance of invasive species such as Rubus fruticosus and Bromus benekenii increased significantly in burned areas, but these could be controlled by relevant silvicultural operations.     

西双版纳望天树林十五年的动态变化研究

以5块西双版纳望天树林固定样地15年来连续观测的资料为基础,对乔木层1993、1998、2003、2007年等不同年份的株数、丰富度、物种多样性指数、生态优热度、均匀度和胸高断面积等变化进行研究。结果表明,望天树群落的株数以较小的幅度减少,这是因胸高断面积的不断增加而引起的自然稀疏过程;而株数、丰富度、均匀度、物种多样性指数以及胸高断面积的变化体现了望天树群落还处于缓慢发展之中,但是已经接近顶级群落的演替阶段。     

印度洋中西部水域黄鳍金枪鱼的食性及其季节性变化

根据2003年12月至2004年6月及2005年9月至12月在印度洋中西部水域调查所获得的数据,利用两因子列联表及单因子方差分析等统计分析方法,对印度洋中西部水域黄鳍金枪鱼的食物组成及其随月份和体长的变化、摄食强度及食物组成的生态位宽度进行了初步研究.结果表明,印度洋中西部水域黄鳍金枪鱼食物组成包括帆蜥、鲣、鳞鲍、沙丁鱼、鲐鱼、虾、蟹、鱿鱼、章鱼、竹笑鱼及未辨认甲壳类等饵料类群,其中主要食物为鱿鱼、鲐鱼以及蟹.大部分月份黄鳍金枪鱼摄食率相对较高,基本上维持在70%以上;除2月和6月外,其余月份黄鳍金枪鱼饵料种类数更替率均低于50%.各叉长组黄鳍金枪鱼摄食率基本维持在70%以上;当叉长在106～155 cm之间,饵料种类数更替率低于40%.黄鳍金枪鱼摄食强度各月差异显著,但各叉长组摄食强度并不存在显著性差异.各月饱满指数存在显著性差异.黄鳍金枪鱼的食物组成随月份和叉长有明显变化.鱿鱼、鲐鱼和蟹基本上为不同叉长组黄鳍金枪鱼所摄食.黄鳍金枪鱼食物组成各月Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H'波动较大,且存在显著性差异;Pielou均匀度指数J'基本上维持在0.80～1.00之间,但各月间存在显著性差异.印度洋中西部水域黄鳍金枪鱼各叉长组食物组成Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H'变化较大,但在106～145 cm期间相对保持稳定,而Pielou均匀度指数J'波动较大.印度洋中西部黄鳍金枪鱼食物组成各月和各叉长组均存在显著性差异.