中华绒螯蟹2龄早熟和晚熟品系选育第4代(G4)在成蟹阶段养殖性能的比较

为评估选育第4代(G4)的中华绒螯蟹在成蟹阶段的养殖性能和性腺发育情况,以G4中华绒螯蟹2龄早熟和2龄晚熟品系为试验对象,以未经选育的养殖群体作对照,比较了这3个群体的扣蟹在成蟹养殖阶段生长、性腺发育及最终养殖效果的差异.试验结果显示:(1)2个选育品系在成蟹养殖阶段的平均体质量始终高于对照组,其中在9月份和11月份,...     

坛紫菜抗高温品系的筛选

坛紫菜抗高温品系的筛选=Selection of a high-temperature resistant strain of Porphyra haitanensis (Rhodophyta)［刊,中］/严兴洪（上海水产大学,上海200090）,马少玉//水产学报,—2007,31(1).-112～117 从已获得的4种坛紫菜优质高产品系中,筛选出抗高温的优良品系YZ-3。在28 ℃和29 ℃下培养15 d后,YZ-3品系的壳孢子成活率分别达73.2%和52.6%,分裂率分别为100%和82.8%;而对照组野生型（WT）品系的壳孢子成活率分别只有10.3%和4.6%,分裂率分别为89.7%和65.9%;YZ-3品系的壳孢子成活率和分裂率均远高于WT品系。把在常温(24 ℃)下培养35 d的壳孢子苗,再分别培养在24、28和29 ℃作抗高温试验,培养25 d后发现,YZ-3品系的幼苗平均体长分别增加了33.6、23和15倍,而WT品系的苗平均体长分别只增加了7.7、1.4和0.9倍;YZ-3品系的苗平均体长分别是WT品系的3.8、8.8和7.4倍。在28 ℃和29 ℃组,WT品系幼苗培养15 d就大面积腐烂; 而YZ-3品系幼苗培养25 d也不腐烂。上述结果表明YZ-3品系是抗高温的。图6表3参15 关键词：坛紫菜;叶状体;品系;高温;壳孢子;生长 E-mail：xhyan@shfu.edu.cn     

Genetic diversity and structure of domesticated strains of red sea bream,Pagrus major,inferred from microsatellite DNA markers

The genetic diversity and structure of nine domesticated strains of red sea bream used in a private hatchery were studied and compared to a wild population. A total of 313 individuals were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. Average number of alleles per locus ranged from 5.5 to 9.4 in domesticated strains, but that of the wild population was 28.4. Heterozygosity of domesticated strains (ranged 0.697–0.804) was also lower compared to the wild population (0.952). Estimated Ne also decreased in all domesticated strains (ranged 10.3–126.0) compared to the wild population (1422.5). The UPGMA tree and 3‐D FCA showed that there were two main clusters containing domesticated strains, and the wild population was at the middle of both of the domesticated clusters. The STRUCTURE analysis also supported the phylogenetic analysis, and revealed three sub‐clusters in the domesticated strains. Pairwise F_ST revealed that all domesticated strains were statistically different from the wild population, and also the differentiation between domesticated strains was all statistically significant. Information on genetic diversity and structure of domesticated strains of red sea bream obtained in this study will be useful for future broodstock management and selective breeding programmes.     

上海低盐海区的坛紫菜栽培试验

为建立低盐度海区的紫菜栽培模式,选用人工选育的耐低盐坛紫菜品系(DY-1),于2010—2013年在芦潮港海区开展了生产性栽培试验.2010—2011年度试验栽培面积为0.2 hm2,获得了初步成功;2011—2012和2012—2013两个年度试验栽培面积均为1 hm2,生产期分别为181 d和174 d,均采收了4...     

凡纳滨对虾肠道铁载体高产菌株筛选与饲料添加应用效果的研究

本研究筛选了凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肠道铁载体高产菌株,并探究了饲料中添加铁载体高产菌株对凡纳滨对虾的生理功效。结果显示,从凡纳滨对虾肠道中筛选出一株铁载体产量高达74.87%的菌株SDVGH3,经鉴定属于泛菌属(Pantoea sp.),产生的铁载体属于异羟肟酸型,该菌株无溶血性,对大部分抗生素敏感;优化了该菌株铁载体产量的培养条件：最适温度为28℃,pH为7.5,盐度为0,装液量为10 mL,Fe3+浓度为0.01 mmol/L;采用滤纸片扩散法检测了菌株抑制病原菌的特性,显示能抑制5种凡纳滨对虾致病菌。通过在饲料中添加SDVGH3菌液,凡纳滨对虾增重率和饲料利用率明显升高,血细胞数量、吞噬率和血浆酚氧化酶、抗菌活性均有不同程度的升高,副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)攻毒后,实验组的死亡率显著低于对照组,1010 CFU/g实验组的死亡率最低,为61.4%;添加107 CFU/g SDVGH3菌液处理组,凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群多样性显著提高,弧菌属(Vibrio sp.)在肠道菌群中所占比例明显下降。研究表明,铁载体高产菌株SDVGH3能明显促进凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫防御能力,增强肠道菌群健康,具有应用于水产养殖中的潜力。     

草鱼出血病细胞培养灭活疫苗的研究——疫苗株的免疫原性及其有效免疫剂量的比较

本文比较了疫苗株FR—854和FR—836—w的免疫原性,及其对三寸左右草鱼种的有效免疫剂量。疫苗株FR—854和FR—836—w均有较强的免疫原性,其保护力可达70%以上。但试验结果初步证明,FR—854疫苗比FR—836—w疫苗免疫原性更强。经统计分析,FR—854疫苗的免疫保护力可达88.9±12.0（6）%,血清中和抗体效价为160.5±58.9（6）;而FR-838-W疫苗分别只有71.3±14.2（6）%、88.3±26.2（6）;二者有显著的差异（0.05>P>0.01）。注射免疫三寸左右的草鱼种,FR—854的免疫剂量在3—5×10^4.5TCID0/尾左右,FR—836—w在3—5×107.5TCID₅₀/尾左右,其免疫保护力可达80%左右,同时我们测得ER—854的半数免疫量为10^5.1TCID₅₀/ml。     

复合促生菌株筛选及其对油菜、黄瓜幼苗的促生效果

为了筛选获得复合型功能微生物(PGPR)菌株材料,进而从功能微生物的角度理解稻—油轮作制度的优势,以稻—稻、稻—油轮作制度下耕层水稻土壤作为筛选源,采用选择性培养基传统培养法对可培养细菌、固氮菌、解磷菌以及产IAA菌株进行分离和筛选,并利用人工气候箱培育试验验证了对部分筛选获得的复合型促生菌株对油菜、黄瓜幼苗早期生物促生效果。结果表明:稻—稻轮作耕层土壤可分离固氮菌35株、解磷菌3株;稻—油轮作耕层土壤可分离固氮菌38株、解磷菌35株;具有固氮、解磷以及较强生长素分泌能力的复合型促生菌株6株,其普遍对油菜和黄瓜早期幼苗株高生长具有一定的促生效果,可分别提高25.45%～111.96%和4.45%～18.22%;此外,DD-69和DY-111菌株对黄瓜根长、DY-6和DD-79菌株对黄瓜鲜质量具有显著的促生作用。     

关于强度理论的探讨

本文主要依据弹性体在外力作用下发生变形时,各点处产生弹性应变能的概念,探讨了材料力学教科书中常用的强度理论的提法,提出了主剪应变能强度理论,这一理论除了具有概念较为确切、清晰等优点外,还可以推论到其他强度理论及材料力学的其他内容上。     

Point Force Model of Smart Structure Piezoelectric Actuator With Paste Layer

In the smart bar-beam structure with piezoelectric strain actuator active control function to vibration, the thickness effect of paste layer is considered and strain is assumed linear distribution along the thickness direction of each layer. The piezoelectric actuator point force model of Crawley and Luis is refined, a more general point force model is established to the smart beam with strain actuator. Point force model calculation formula is educed to smart beam with two-side symmetry paste actuator or one-side paste actuator. The computer simulation is done and the result reveals modified point model is right. The modified model is more common, as is important to design piezoelectric smart structure.