钾镁配施对杨梅品质和矿质营养的影响

为提升杨梅产量及品质,分析了钾镁不同配施比例对杨梅果实品质及营养元素的变化特点。结果显示,株施单钾肥1.0 kg,可显著提高杨梅果实单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及Vc含量,分别比对照组提高17.43%、11.48%、13.23%及19.96%,果实中矿质养分钾、磷、铁含量显著提高;株施单镁肥0.3 kg,可显著提高杨梅果实单果重、可溶性固形物、总糖及Vc含量,分别比对照组提高13.24%、9.60%、10.89%及15.70%;株施镁钾混合配施比例为0.2/0.75 kg时,可显著提高杨梅果实产量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及硬度,果实中钾、铁含量显著提高。本研究可为提升杨梅品质的配方施肥技术方案提供依据。     

不同柑桔品种裂果及其成因研究

摘要：目的：柑桔裂果是生产中常见的一种生理性病害,严重影响果实的商品价值,因此弄清不同柑桔品种裂果的差异及成因对提高柑桔品质、减少产量损失尤为重要。材料与方法：本研究对纽荷尔脐橙、朋娜脐橙、白柳脐橙、清家脐橙、塔罗科血橙、兴津温州蜜柑、清见桔橙、不知火桔橙、485-28、32-1（其中485-28、32-1为柑研所新品系）10个品种进行裂果数目调查,并与气象资料、树体叶片营养状况和果实品质进行相关性分析。结果与分析：结果表明,不同品种间裂果率差异极大,清见未见裂果,而 485-28 的累计裂果率达到 78.72%。甜橙类品种裂果率与果皮厚度呈显著负相关。雨量分布不均是导致果实裂果的原因之一。研究发现柑桔叶片钾含量与裂果率呈显著负相关,结果枝与营养枝的钙含量与果实裂果率相关性不明显,但二者间的差值与裂果率呈显著负相关,这可能与 Ca的调运能力有关,具体原因有待进一步研究。结论：因此,生产上应选择裂果率较低的品种,合理灌溉,适当增施钾和钙肥,以降低果实裂果率。     

猪的肌内脂肪生成及其调控

肌内脂肪含量是猪肉食用品质的主要决定因素,尤其对肉的嫩度、风味和多汁性有着重要的影响。肌内脂肪的生成主要受到营养和基因的调控。文中就猪的肌内脂肪的生成及其影响因素作一综述。     

代谢组学及其在动物营养中的应用

代谢组学是对内源性代谢物的综合评估,可以实现来自生物样品的代谢物及其相关代谢途径的分离、检测、表征和定量,以此来反映生物机体的营养代谢变化、营养状况甚至一些疾病的发展程度等。然而,代谢组学技术在动物营养中的研究起步较晚,目前尚处于起始阶段,不过随着代谢组学研究平台的不断完善,该技术在动物营养中的应用价值必将日渐突出。本文就代谢组学的概念特点、分析技术及其在动物营养中的应用作一综述。     

核苷酸对动物摄食、生长与免疫功能的影响

饲料中的核苷酸对动物生长发育和免疫功能等具有重要作用。核苷酸作为一种无毒无害无残留的新型饲料添加剂,在动物营养方面有很大的发展前途。近年来国内外学者对核苷酸的研究逐渐增多。本文从促生长、诱食和改善免疫功能等方面对核苷酸在动物营养方面的应用做一综述。     

The effect of feed quality on the kinetic disposition of orally administered triclabendazole in sheep

The effect of two qualities of feed on the kinetic disposition of triclabendazole (TCBZ) metabolites was investigated in sheep (n = 4) following oral administration of TCBZ at 10 mg/kg body weight. The same sheep were given sequentially two qualitatively different diets: a low-quality (LQ) diet based on wheat straw ad libitum, and a high-quality (HQ) diet based on barley+alfalfa. The triclabendazole sulphoxide (TCBZSO) and triclabendazole sulphone (TCBZSO₂) concentrations were determined in blood samples taken serially from the jugular vein between 5 min and 9 days after TCBZ administration. The parent drug TCBZ was not detected in any of the samples. The quality of feed affected the kinetics of both TCBZ metabolites. The rate of appearance (T_lag and T_max) in the jugular blood was slower and the formed amount (AUC) of TCBZSO was slightly higher when the sheep were on the LQ diet (T_lag = 7.74 h; T_max = 27.91 h; AUC = 1042 g.h/ml) than when they were offered the HQ diet (T_lag = 1.90 h; T_max = 16.01 h; AUC = 832.4 g.h/ml). The MRT of TCBZSO was about 40% longer with the LQ diet than with the HQ diet. Similarly, the rate of appearance of TCBZSO₂ in plasma of sheep was slower when they were on the LQ diet than when they were on the HQ diet, suggesting an impairment of the hepatic enzymatic activity involved in the oxidation of TCBZSO to TCBZSO₂.     

益生菌对肠内营养治疗并发腹泻的调节作用

为研究益生菌对行肠内营养治疗患者肠道适应性的调节作用,采用随机数表将157 例患者分为研究组（n＝101）和对照组（n＝56）,进行双盲、随机对照研究。根据Harris-Benedict公式测算基础能量消耗,氮供给量0.2 g/（kg?d）,研究组给予肠内营养＋益生菌,对照组给予肠内营养,治疗期10 d。统计患者的基础人口学资料及临床信息,于肠内营养治疗前和治疗后第10天观察并记录患者的体质量、体质量指数等指标,评价肠道及肾脏等重要脏器的营养代谢状况。结果表明：肠内营养治疗后第10天,2 组患者的营养不良     

From research measurements to application: Bridging the gap; Overview of practical and scientific measurements in nutrition

Research that advances the practice of poultry nutrition covers a wide range, including fundamental studies that explore mechanisms in cells or a small number of birds and applied research that determines product yield in authentic production facilities. Ultimately, the applied research informs the economic analysis necessary for implementation of novel nutritional strategies or products. Nutritional controversies arise from applied research experiments that were not designed and interpreted based on the realities learned from mechanistic work. The experimental design and measurements selected for comparing nutrient sources or setting nutrient recommendations should be informed by underlying mechanistic information, such as the relative priorities of cells and tissues for the nutrient and the shape of the dose response relationship across a wide range of added dietary levels of the nutrient. Integrating mechanistic and applied research provides more robust results that can be used across wider ranges of diets and husbandry conditions.     

生物节律对动物生理营养及物质消化利用调控的研究进展

生物钟是生物的计时机制,是生物体内的一种无形的"时钟".实际上是生物体生命活动的内在节律性,是由生物体内的时间结构序列所决定,使行为、生理和新陈代谢的内部循环与外界环境周期性同步.本文就生物节律系统、生物钟的调控基因、生物钟对营养生理代谢和消化器官的调控以及其在实际生产中的应用作一综述.