天水冬小麦光能利用率的气候影响及动态变化

利用甘肃天水农业气象试验站1995~2009年冬小麦试验资料及中国西北地区太阳能资源综合区划总辐射资料,对冬小麦整株及各器官全生育期、各生育期光能利用率进行计算,并分析了期间气候因素对其的影响。结果表明,叶、鞘、茎、穗和籽粒在内的总干物质的光能利用率为1.30%~2.18%,且光能利用率愈大,对产量贡献愈大;各器官的光能利用率按大小排序为穗茎叶鞘。整株各生育期的光能利用率返青前均较低,低于0.5%,返青后迅速升高,且在乳熟期达到高峰,为4%左右;叶、鞘两器官各生育期的光能利用率均较小,小于0.5%,茎与穗的则较大,至抽穗时茎达最大,为1.5%,乳熟时穗达最大,为2.3%。说明茎、穗对冬小麦整株的光能利用率贡献较大。气候的变化对冬小麦光能利用率的影响十分明显,尤以降水表现突出,说明降水量的不足是限制冬小麦光能利用率提高的主要因子;提出了提高冬小麦光能利用率的有效途径和对策措施。     

基于能值生态足迹模型的高温伏旱区生态安全研究——以重庆市江津区为例

随着全球环境恶化的速度加快,区域生态安全问题日益突出,特别是对高温伏旱区的生态安全的研究需求越来越迫切。本文利用基于能值理论改进的生态足迹模型,对重庆市江津区2002~2007年的生态安全现状做了全面评估。结果表明:(1)2002~2007年江津区均处于较安全等级,但是安全等级程度逐年下滑,因此需要密切关注;(2)在2002年之后,江津区一直处于强不可持续状态,程度呈逐渐加深的态势。     

The Post-Embryonic Development of Digestive System and the Demand of Energy of Hucho taimen

With the technology of morphology, histology and nutrition, the characteristics of organ development and the source and demand of nutritional at different stages in post-embryonic （water temperature 3-14℃） of Hucho taimen were discussed. The results showed that the membrane of H. taimen fertilized ovum was ruptured in 30 d, the prototype of U-type stomach was formed, the mouth could open and close freely, and nutrition was supplied from its yolk sac. The membrane ruptured after 8 d, teeth formed, and anus communicated with outsiders. The oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, U-type stomach, intestine, and anus initially formed in the digestive tube, which nutrition was supplied from the huge yolk sac. The membrane ruptured after 16 d, pancreas and pyloric caeca appeared, larvae could intake and digest exogenous food, fish mixed nutrition, which was from yolk sac and outsiders, mainly depended on endogenous. The membrane ruptured after 24 d, the fish began floating and intaking actively, the fish mixed nutrition which mainly depended on exogenous. The membrane ruptured after 30 d, the yolk sac was completely absorbed, the function and structure of each digestive organs developed consummately, fish was from mixed nutrition into the stage of exogenous nutrition, the nutritional need of juveniles was below 10% fat, level of the optimal protein was 50%.     

可凝气体组分对涡流管能量分离效率的影响分析

建立了涡流管能量分离效率测试的实验系统,以水蒸汽为可凝组分的代表,通过对比含湿空气和干空气2种介质下的实验结果,研究了可凝组分的存在对涡流管能量分离效率的影响。得出可凝组分会显著降低涡流管的能量分离效率,但不会影响其能量分离规律;分析了涡流管关键结构参数和操作参数对能量分离效率的影响,得出了长径比、压比ε和冷流率θ对涡流管温度效率ηT、绝热效率η和制冷效率COP的影响规律。     

基于DSP的太阳能跟踪控制系统研究

针对目前太阳能跟踪系统存在的跟踪精度不高,抗干扰能力差的缺点。设计一种以视日运动轨迹跟踪和光电检测跟踪相结合的控制方法对太阳能进行跟踪,并且以DSP为控制器核心芯片的高精度太阳能智能跟踪系统。视日运动轨迹跟踪对太阳进行粗跟踪,再利用光电检测跟踪对太阳进行精确跟踪。实现对太阳的高精度跟踪,并且使系统具有较强的抗干扰和运算能力。     

电动汽车用永磁同步电机超前角弱磁控制

对控股股东股利分配行为的监管,是监管部门和控股股东之间的博弈过程。均衡分析发现,监管部门的监管成本C越小、控股股东进行侵占造成的外部损失W（ζ）越大,控股股东进行规范分配的概率越大;控股股东持股比例L越高、对控股股东违规处罚的力度K越大,监管部门监管的概率越小。     

河南省秸秆生物质资源量测算

利用2002—2007年河南省统计年鉴中农作物产量数据,定量测算了河南省秸秆生物质资源的实物量、理论可获得量,并探讨了其地理分布格局。研究表明:2002—2007年河南省秸秆实物蕴藏量平均值7 244万t,主要分布于南阳市、商丘市、信阳市、周口市、驻马店市等5个市,地理分布不均匀,可用于生物质资源的理论可获得量平均为1 835万tce;平均能源密度为110.89 tce/km2,较高密度地区主要是漯河市、周口市、许昌市、濮阳市等4个市。     

福建龙海太阳辐射与粮食作物光合生产关系研究

为了提高粮食作物光合生产力,2006～2009年在福建省龙海市设研究基点,观测太阳辐射和粮食作物的光合生产.①依据太阳辐射和日照百分率,建立龙海分季节月太阳总辐射经验计算式.②太阳辐射与干物质积累量和经济产量呈正相关,水稻齐穗至成熟期的太阳辐射对稻谷产量有决定性影响.③龙海基点早稻、晚稻、马铃薯等一年三熟作物全生育期平...     

An improved rotor side control strategy of double fedwind turbine generation system

Based on a on site wind turbine’s output active power vs. generator speed curve, the shortage of conventional power control strategies of doubly fed wind turbine generation system are analyzed. Considering the generator speed restriction and active power fast track control requirement, the power decoupling control strategy in the rotor side converter and variable pitch control strategy are improved, that is, an output mechanical torque of wind turbine and the generator speed of DFIG are used in the rotor side active power control loop in order to achieve an accurate optimal speed control, as well as a direct active power control method is also adopted in the variable pitch control strategy. Finally, the overall operational performances of DFIG wind turbine generation system using the proposed control strategies are simulated, and also compared with the conventional control strategies. The results show that the improved control strategy is more valid and correct.     

The change rule of driver’s pupil size under road lighting conditions

In order to study the rule of drivers’ pupil changing with luminance under road lighting condition,pupil area of 4 subjects under 13 lighting levels of high pressure sodium(HPS), metal halide(MH) and LED are measured, with reaction time test equipment for road lighting and iView X eye tracking system. The results indicate that the relationship between pupil area and background luminance is negative exponential function, pupil will shrink while luminance is increased, the shrink velocity of pupil will decrease while luminance’s increasing, and pupil area will tends to be constant when luminance reach some level. Under the three lighting sources used in the experiment, pupil area will fluctuate while the background luminance is between 0.7 cd/m2and 1.2 cd/m2.