基于CRUISE与正交试验的纯电动拖拉机参数优化

针对纯电动拖拉机续航能力不足,各参数对续航能力的影响研究较少等问题,在CRUISE中搭建了纯电动拖拉机动态仿真平台,创建了拖拉机运输作业工况,选取使用质量m、变速器速比i_g、牵引负荷F_T和载荷分配系数 λ等 4个重要参数,运用正交试验、二次旋转通用组合试验、单因素回归的方法,分析了其对纯电动拖拉机续航能力的影响。结果表明,纯电动拖拉机能够按照运输工况行驶,续航时间随使用质量、牵引负荷增加而减小,随载荷分配系数增大而增大,随变速器速比的增加先增大后减小。当m=900 kg,i_g=1.906,F_T=294 N,λ=0.8时,续航时间能够达到最大值7.716 h。表明拖拉机作业工况制定合理,仿真平台搭建正确,参数优化方法合理,适用于纯电动拖拉机的参数优化工作。     

Fast‐to‐slow shift of muscle fiber‐type composition by dietary apple polyphenols in rats: Impact of the low‐dose supplementation

Our previous studies demonstrated that an 8‐week intake of 5% (w/w) apple polyphenol (APP) in the diet improves muscle endurance of young‐adult rats. In order to identify a lower limit of the dietary contribution of APP to the effect, the experiments were designed for lower‐dose supplementation (8‐week feeding of 0.5% APP in AIN‐93G diet) to 12‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Results clearly showed that the 0.5% APP diet significantly up‐regulates slower myosin‐heavy‐chain (MyHC) isoform ratios (IIx and IIa relative to total MyHC) and myoglobin expression in lower hind‐limb muscles examined (P < 0.05). There was a trend to increased fatigue resistance detected from measurements of relative isometric plantar‐flexion force torque generated by a stimulus train delivered to the tibial nerve (F(98, 1372) = 1.246, P = 0.0574). Importantly, there was no significant difference in the animal body‐phenotypes or locomotor activity shown as total moving distance in light and dark periods. Therefore, the present study encourages the notion that even low APP‐intake may increase the proportions of fatigue‐resistant myofibers, and has promise as a strategy for modifying performance in human sports and improving function in age‐related muscle atrophy.     

小麦品种对纹枯病的抗(耐)病性鉴定

比较了安徽省主栽品种以及当前推广和将要推广的小麦品种对小麦纹枯病的抗(耐)病性,结果表明:安徽省生产栽培的小麦品种对纹枯病的抗(耐)病性差异显著,但无高抗品种,且抗性差异主要表现为抗扩展的耐病性。根据品种抗性鉴定结果,将安徽省生产栽培的品种分为3类,即:感病类型,以皖麦38、皖麦19、扬麦5号、扬麦158等为代表,相对抗性系数为1.00;中感类型,以皖麦30等为代表,相对抗性系数为0.62;抗病类型,以豫麦18、豫麦21、宁麦9312等为代表,相对抗性系数为0.46。     

Genetic parameter estimation for long endurance trials in the Uruguayan Criollo horse

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of performance in a 750‐km, 15‐day ride in Criollo horses. Heritability (h²) and maternal lineage effects (mt²) were obtained for rank, a relative placing measure of performance. Additive genetic and maternal lineage (rmt) correlations among five medium‐to‐high intensity phase ranks (pRK) and final rank (RK) were also estimated. Individual records from 1,236 Criollo horses from 1979 to 2012 were used. A multivariate threshold animal model was applied to the pRK and RK. Heritability was moderate to low (0.156–0.275). Estimates of mt² were consistently low (0.04–0.06). Additive genetic correlations between individual pRK and RK were high (0.801–0.924), and the genetic correlations between individual pRKs ranged from 0.763 to 0.847. The pRK heritabilities revealed that some phases were explained by a greater additive component, whereas others showed stronger genetic relationships with RK. Thus, not all pRK may be considered as similar measures of performance in competition.     

Quantitative analysis of short‐ and long‐distance racing performance in young and adult horses and association analysis with functional candidate genes in Spanish Trotter horses

The association of five candidate genes with sporting performance in young and adult Spanish Trotter horses (STHs) was performed according to a previous selection based on quantitative analysis of the trait time per kilometre (TPK). A total of 334 516 records of TPK from 5958 STHs were used to estimate the estimated breeding values (EBVs) at different age groups (young and adults horses) throughout the range of distances (1600–2700 m) using a bicharacter random regression model. The heritability estimated by distance ranged from 0.16 to 0.40, with a different range for the two age groups. Considering the animals with the best and the worst deregressed EBV, 321 STHs were selected for SNP genotyping in MSTN, COX4I2, PDK4, DMRT3 and CKM genes. An association analysis based on ridge and logistic regression revealed that the young trotters with genotype GG in PDK4 (p < 0.05) and AA of DMRT3 (p < 0.001) SNPs show the best potential in short‐distance races, while those carrying the genotype AA in DMRT3 (p < 0.001) and CC in CKM (p < 0.05) genes seem to be the best in long‐distance races. Adult trotters with genotype AA in DMRT3 also display greater speed (p < 0.05) and endurance (p < 0.001).     

An endurance‐enhancing effect of peanut meal protein hydrolysate in mice: possible involvement of a specific peanut peptide

To improve the functional properties of peanut meal protein for wide utilization, hydrolysis was conducted by alcalase. Compared with saline and peanut meal protein, intragastric administration of low molecular weight (<1 kD) peanut meal peptide (PPH I) could significantly prolong swimming time, increase levels of blood sugar, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver glycogen and decrease blood lactate content in mice. Levels of Pro, Leu, Val and His in low molecular weight peanut meal peptides were higher significantly than those in other peanut meal protein hydrolysates. Hydrophobic amino acids, such as Pro, Tyr and His, could perhaps capture free radical and increase antioxidant capacity of peanut peptide and retard fatigue induced by free radical. After separation by HPLC, a primary peptide P1, Pro‐Glu‐Ile‐Glu‐Val, was sequenced. Its N‐terminal was Val, and it was rich in antioxidant amino acid, Pro and Ile. Levels of plasma glucose, NEFA and liver glycogen in PPH I group were higher than those in mice intragastric administration with peptide P1, and the swimming time is longer in PPH I group than in P1 group. So, the high content of P1 was one of the reason why PPH I had high endurance‐enhancing capacity.     

耐湿高产小麦品种济宁12选育

描述了耐湿高产小麦品种济宁12号的选育过程,对其丰产、稳产性进行了分析,并总结了该品种选育成功的经验。认为提高茎秆质量、弹性,合理株型,合理组配亲本是品种选育成功的关键。     

Vacuum Circuit Breaker''s Condition Simulation Based on Artificial Neural Network and Electrical Endurance Quality Criterion

How to select the factors that have more great affection on the condition based maintenance and how to make sure the relation among them are two key problems. A new method's proposed for vacuum circuit breaker's condition based maintenance, which combines electrical endurance quality criterions and condition recognition arithmetic based on artificial neural network. The paper proposes a model based on electrical-endurance quality criterions by applying ANN in vacuum circuit breaker's condition based maintenance. The simulation indicates that the criterion selected in this way are reasonable and the network with new learning error function has a much better generalization ability.     

品种及采收期对猕猴桃果实冷藏效果和品质的影响

本文通过对我省常见猕猴桃品种和不同采期的果实耐贮性及品质的研究发现:不同品种的果实耐贮性和品质相差很大,海沃德最耐贮,但Vc和风味最差,可做长期贮藏;二短和重阳很耐贮,Vc和风味较海沃德好,是值得推广的长期贮藏品种,尤其是二短;黄草Vc含量最高,风味最好,适于鲜食;北京26硬度高,Vc含量高,可做中期贮藏。同一品种不同采期果实的耐贮性不同;耐贮性愈差的品种,其各采期间耐贮性差异愈大;果实成熟时,可溶固形物急剧上升期是果实耐贮藏的最佳采期。