A statistical assessment of the biological relationship between simultaneous canine mammary tumours

Simultaneous canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are frequently reported in the literature, but few studies have addressed their biological relationship in detail or performed statistical assessments. In this study, 269 canine mammary gland tumours from 216 dogs were categorized using an extended histopathological classification, where semiquantitative and binomial scales enumerated morphological parameters of the tumours. The classification facilitated a statistical study of the biological relationship between simultaneous within‐dog tumours. Seventy‐seven percent of the dogs had single tumours and 23% had simultaneous tumours. Sixty‐one percent of the neoplasias were benign, with complex adenoma as the most frequent diagnosis and 39% were malignant, with complex carcinoma as the most common malignancy. Simultaneous tumours within dogs more often had equal diagnoses and neoplastic level (benign or malignant) than would be expected by chance alone, as compared with random pairs of single tumours from different dogs. This statistically supported finding indicated the presence of a biological relationship between simultaneous tumours.     

A review of recent developments in the clinical application of prosthetic laryngoplasty for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy: Indications,complications and outcome

Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) has been recognised for two centuries in horses. Surveys undertaken in Europe and the United States have reported that prosthetic laryngoplasty is the most common treatment for RLN, particularly for advanced cases. Despite widespread adoption of this surgical technique for treatment of RLN, reported success rates still vary widely, particularly in horses used for high intensity exercise where outcomes are often considered moderate, at best. Studies evaluating the outcome of the procedure are complicated by the use of variable criteria for measuring success, various modifications in the procedure, differing athletic demands in horses used in different equine disciplines and horses lost to follow‐up. Furthermore, post operative complications appear to be common, in particular, the effects of the surgery on airway dynamics which are not completely understood. Proposed modifications to the technique may provide a means of improving success rates; however, standardised objective measurements taken before and after surgery are required to effectively evaluate the potential benefits and outcomes of the procedure.     

Effects of dietary butyrate supplementation on intestinal integrity of heat‐stressed cockerels

Butyrate modulates intestinal epithelial cell structure and function. Three hundred and sixty Lohmann LSL‐Classic layer cockerels were used to investigate the effect of butyrate on heat stress‐induced intestinal injury and intestinal integrity. The experiment was conducted from day 85 to 105 of age. The birds were divided randomly into three treatments: control, heat stress (HS), and heat stress provided with butyrate (HSB) at a level of 0.35 g/kg of diet. The control was reared at 21 ± 1 °C throughout the experiment. The HS and HSB treatments were exposed to a cyclic HS (35 ± 1 °C from 09:00 to 13:00 and 21 ± 1 °C from 13:00 to 09:00). Intestinal and mucosal weights, villus height, villus surface area (VSA), absorptive epithelial cell area and intestinal beneficial bacteria were lower in the HS treatment than in the other two treatments (p < 0.05). Heat‐stressed cockerels exhibited the highest (p < 0.05) villi injury scores and serum endotoxin levels compared with the other treatments. Dietary inclusion of butyrate increased (p < 0.05) intestinal and mucosal weights, villus height, VSA, absorptive epithelial cell area and intestinal beneficial bacteria counts and reduced (p < 0.05) HS‐induced injury in intestinal epithelia as well as intestinal permeability to endotoxin. In conclusion, dietary butyrate exerted protective effects against intestinal damage induced by HS and improved intestinal health and integrity.     

大蒜素治疗细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎的临床研究

目的 评估大蒜素治疗细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎危重患者的临床疗效。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法,选取2011年01月-2014年12月收入重症监护病房且符合呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断标准的92例患者（均为细菌感染所致）,按照随机数字表法将其分为治疗组42例及对照组50例。对照组在常规治疗基础上加用抗生素治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用大蒜素治疗,疗程14 d。分析两组患者的病原菌分布情况,比较两组患者机械通气时间、抗生素治疗时间、住ICU时间及14 d病死率;并观察记录大蒜素使用过程中安全性及不良反应发生率。结果 细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎患者的常见病原菌为鲍曼不动杆菌（35.2%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（17.1%）、铜绿假单胞菌（13.3%）、肺炎链球菌（13.3%）及肺炎克雷伯菌（8.6%）。治疗组机械通气时间略短于对照组（P>0.05）,抗生素使用时间及住ICU时间显著短于对照组（P<0.01）。两组患者治疗后14 d病死率无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎患者在常规抗感染治疗基础上加用大蒜素治疗,能显著缩短抗生素使用时间,且有缩短患者机械通气时间及住ICU时间,临床不良反应发生率低,可以安全使用。     

温针灸联合局部封闭治疗桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎的临床研究

目的 观察温针灸联合局部封闭治疗桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎的临床疗效。方法 选取68例桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎患者随机分成观察组和对照组（每组各34例）,对照组给予单纯局部封闭治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予温针灸治疗,观察两组患者治疗前后视觉模拟评分法（visual analog scale,VAS）、主要症状及体征评分,比较治疗后两组患者临床疗效。结果 治疗后,两组患者VAS评分和主症及体征评分总分均较本组治疗前有所降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且观察组评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组总有效率高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 温针灸联合局部封闭治疗桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎效果显著,且优于单纯局部封闭治疗,值得临床进一步研究推广。     

成年母牛体况评分及其影响因素分析

体况评分(BCS)是评价奶牛饲养效果好坏、营养代谢正常与否的标志,也是奶牛健康与否的标志之一。体况评分为制订下一阶段的饲养管理措施提供重要依据,同时也受到很多因素的影响。本文旨在研究不同胎次、干奶期、泌乳期、不同的泌乳阶段等影响因素对奶牛体况评分的影响。测定本场2009年3月共219头胎次在0～6胎的中国荷斯坦奶牛体况评分,应用SPSS15.0软件对不同胎次、干奶期、泌乳期、不同的泌乳阶段等影响因素对奶牛体况评分的影响加以分析。结果表明:胎次对奶牛BCS的影响不显著(p0.05);干奶期和泌乳期对奶牛BCS的影响极显著(p0.01);泌乳阶段对BCS的影响极显著(p0.01)。因此提示在实际的生产中应灵活调控各影响因素对体况评分的影响,提高母牛生产性能。     

帽儿山林场林地资源资产评估

以东北林业大学帽儿山试验林场为研究对象,利用2004年帽儿山林场二类调查资料数据以及相关的技术资料和参数,结合林地资源评价方法对其东林施业区进行评估。利用现有数据对立地等级进行划分,选用收益现值法,结合林场实际情况使用专家打分法即Delphi法编制了立地质量得分表,得出东林施业区的林地地价为15 307 637.71元。此次评估为实现林地资源的资产化管理及促进林场资产的合理利用和优化配置提供基础性的数据,对推进森林资源的商品化、促进森林保护事业的发展有着十分重要的意义。     

农民专业合作社财务管理系统应用的影响因素及改善策略——以江苏省为例

农民专业合作社财务管理系统应用的推广,对提升农民专业合作社的财务管理信息化和规范化具有重要意义。基于江苏省农民专业合作社的调研数据,运用因子分析法和因子评点法,分析农民专业合作社财务管理系统的应用现状,探讨影响农民专业合作社的财务管理系统应用的主要因素。结果表明,与财务人员和农民专业合作社负责人相关特性、财务管理系统的一些特征以及农民专业合作社的经营情况等都是影响财务管理系统应用的主要因素;其中财务管理系统使用便捷及售后服务对财务管理系统应用的影响度最大,而农民专业合作社的财务人员的基本素质对财务管理系统应用的影响度最小。每个合作社的财务管理系统应用水平受到合作社经营情况、财务人员和合作社负责人等7个主要因素的影响不同,因此,针对不同农民专业合作社提出转变经营管理理念、壮大经营规模以及加大资金投入等相关改善策略。     

胎次和泌乳阶段对奶牛体细胞数和乳损失量的影响

通过奶牛生产性能（dairy herd improvement,DHI）测定体细胞数,探究奶牛的胎次及其不同泌乳阶段对其乳体细胞数（somatic cell count,SCC）和乳损失量的影响。通过对某养殖场泌乳期奶牛DHI的测定进行分析,结果表明：体细胞评分（somatic cell score,SCS）随奶牛胎次的增加而增加,但SCS在不同胎次的不同泌乳阶段表现有所不同。一胎牛SCS随着泌乳期的延长而增加,前期、中期与后期的SCS呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）;二胎牛与三胎牛SCS呈现相同变化规律,泌乳前期的SCS较泌乳中期高,而泌乳后期SCS显著高于前2个泌乳阶段（P＜0.05）。乳损失量随胎次的增加整体呈现增加趋势,且泌乳早期和泌乳后期乳损失量高于泌乳中期。     

欣普贝生与地西泮联合用于足月引产5O例临床观察

目的探讨欣普贝生联合地西泮静脉推注用于足月妊娠引产的临床效果及母婴安全性。方法采用随机对照前瞻性研究方法,对正常单胎头位初产妇足月妊娠。宫颈评分小于6分,无瘢痕子宫,具有引产指征而无使用前列腺素禁忌症的孕妇100例,随机分成观察组50例和对照组50例,观察组阴道放人欣普贝生,有不规律宫缩时静推地西泮10mg,对照组阴道放人欣普贝生,用药12h观察用药前后宫颈Bishop评分变化及用药至分娩时问、阴道分娩率、剖宫产率、总产程、产后24h出血量和新生儿体重、Apgar评分及出现子宫过度刺激等情况的差异。结果观察组用药促宫颈成熟有效率（98％）明显高于对照组（72％）（P〈0．05）;观察组总产程平均为468min,阴道分娩成功率占82％,对照组总产程平均648min,阴道分娩成功率66％,两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿体重两组差异无显著性。结论欣普贝生联合应用地西泮对足月妊娠引产安全有效。