蒲桃胚胎发育及多胚来源的初步研究

观察了蒲桃花果的形态结构和胚胎发生.蒲桃胚囊的发育属蓼型.每个蒲桃子房内有10多个胚珠,但成熟果实内多数只有1粒种子,少数为2粒,原因为一些胚囊不能发育成熟,而那些成熟的胚囊又有一部分不能顺利地完成双受精.蒲桃胚乳发育属核型.在受精之前,多数珠心的表皮下即有珠心胚原细胞出现,这些细胞分裂成为不定胚的原始体.随着某些珠心内的胚囊败育,这些不定胚原始体也归于消亡.而那些顺利完成双受精的胚囊外的不定胚原始体则可往胚囊方向靠拢,并进一步侵入胚囊.通常,侵入胚囊的珠心胚达5—9个.此外,也观察到了裂生多胚现象.最终,每粒发育成熟的种子内存有2-10个胚,合子胚、裂生胚和珠心胚混杂在一起.     

龙眼胚性培养物蛋白质水平双向电泳技术体系的建立

以龙眼胚性培养物为材料,使用Pharmacia多功能水平电泳仪(Multiphor ),采用滤纸半干电泳与梯度凝胶技术,建立了适合于龙眼胚性培养物的蛋白质水平双向电泳技术体系.使用该技术有望对龙眼体细胞胚胎发生过程中特异蛋白进行研究.     

The Prospects of Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering for Strawberry Improvement

Abstract

Strawberry shoot meristem cultures have been used for producing virus-free strawberry plants. Plantlet regneration from leaf mesophyll protoplasts, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation, mark the beginning of strawberry improvement with biotechnologies. The use of biotechnological tools has a greater potential in producing strawberry plants with traits such as early maturation, frost and disease resistance, mite and nematode resistance, high yield, better quality, suitability for mechanical harvesting, shipping ability, ellgaic acid content, aroma compounds and cost-effective micropropagation. Gene identification and mapping with RFLPs or RAPDs would be desirable. Transgenic strawberries should be tested for their quality before releasing to the consumers.     

高等植物小孢子胚胎发生的细胞和分子生化机制研究进展

小孢子胚胎发生的细胞学研究已取得了显著进展,并分离鉴定出一些小孢子胚胎发生表达的胚胎专一基因,但小孢子胚胎发生的机理尚未完全明确。综述了高等植物小孢子胚胎发生的细胞学以及分子和生物化学方面的最新研究进展,旨为进一步揭示小孢子的胚胎发生机理提供十分有用的信息。     

落叶松体细胞胚胎发生研究进展

综述了欧洲落叶松、日本落叶松、欧日和日欧杂种落叶松、西部落叶松和华北落叶松体细胞胚胎发生的研究进展，对胚性培养物的超低温保存、原生质体培养和基因转化等技术进行了介绍，并对落叶松体细胞胚胎发生的研究趋势作了展望。     

Cryopreservation of yellow-poplar and sweetgum embryogenic cultures

Cryopreservation has become anessential tool for operational application offorest tree embryogenic cultures, due to thelong evaluation periods needed for treesregenerated from these cultures. Fiveyellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)and seven sweetgum (Liquidambar spp.)embryogenic culture lines werestored in liquid nitrogen for 48 hours, afterwhich they were thawed and tested for regrowthand ability to produce somatic seedlings.Combinations of two sorbitol pretreatments andthree dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotectantlevels were evaluated for their impact onrecovery following cryogenic storage. The bestresults were obtained with 0.4 M sorbitol and5% DMSO, which provided 100% recovery.Somatic seedlings were regenerated from allculture lines and treatments, except for atransgenic sweetgum line.     

蔗糖对水曲柳体细胞胚发生的影响

以水曲柳子叶为外植体,研究了不同浓度的蔗糖对水曲柳愈伤组织和体细胞胚发生以及体细胞胚数量、质量的影响。结果表明:当NAA多于BA时,附加7%蔗糖的体细胞胚发生率最高;当BA多于NAA时,附加10%蔗糖的体细胞胚发生率最高,但每个外植体上体细胞胚的数量和质量不是最好的。综合认为,选定9%~12%的蔗糖浓度最有利于水曲柳体细胞胚的诱导。     

Characterization of Amaranthus cruentus L. seed proteins by 2-DE and LC/MS–MS: Identification and cloning of a novel late embryogenesis-abundant protein

Amaranth is taking great attention as an important cereal crop that could fulfill food requirements for the growing population, especially in developing countries. However, the protein composition of these seeds is not well known yet. We have used the proteomics tools to characterize amaranth seed proteome. About 400 proteins spots were resolved on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and protein spots were analyzed by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). Identified proteins were related to stress and defense responses, metabolic, respiratory, and oxide-reduction processes. One abundant spot was identified as a Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) protein and the gene was cloned and characterized. The AcLEA cDNA contains a 418 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 139 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that AcLEA belongs to LEAs Group 5. Proteomics is a powerful technique that could be used even in non-sequenced organisms such as amaranth. The obtained information reveals that amaranth seed, beyond the classical seed storage proteins, contains proteins related to protection against stress. The identification of these proteins opens the door to the application of new strategies to improve the quality of amaranth production.     

橡胶树体胚发生过程中的生理生化特性

以巴西橡胶树花药为外植体,研究了巴西橡胶树花药体胚发生过程中抗氧化酶活性和某些生理参数的变化。结果表明,橡胶树花药体胚发生过程中,SOD活性变化表现在培养30 d达到最高值,而后下降平缓;丙二醛(MDA)含量在第60天达到最高。生理参数的变化表现为可溶性蛋白含量0 d含量最高,可溶性糖的含量在50 d达到最高,据此认为,SOD和MDA对橡胶树花药体胚的诱导起主导作用,可溶性蛋白含量与不定芽的发生密切相关。