小麦胚乳A、B型淀粉粒理化特性研究

【目的】研究小麦胚乳A、B型淀粉粒对其理化特性的影响。【方法】利用扫描电镜对4个小麦品种籽粒发育不同时期自然断面和分离提纯的A、B型淀粉粒进行观察;用直链、支链淀粉试剂盒对籽粒不同发育时期胚乳中A、B型淀粉粒的直链、支链淀粉含量进行测定;成熟籽粒A、B型淀粉粒膨胀势依据McCormick的方法进行了测定。【结果】小麦胚乳淀粉粒形态出现规则形状和反常态,胚乳淀粉粒中直链淀粉形成早于支链淀粉,但最终积累量支链淀粉大于直链淀粉。供试的4个品种中,B型淀粉粒膨胀势均大于各自A型淀粉粒的膨胀势。【结论】小麦胚乳A型和B型淀粉粒从形态上分为常规型和反常型。成熟小麦胚乳A、B型淀粉粒中,支链淀粉的含量大于直链淀粉,且与总淀粉含量呈正相关趋势。B型淀粉粒的膨胀势大于A型淀粉粒。     

仔猪铁中毒的组织病理学观察

铁是动物的重要营养物质,它的缺少或过多,在临床上均可引起不同的疾病。采用冰冻切片、组织学和组织化学染色技术,对临床送诊病仔猪的淋巴结、脾脏、肝脏、肺脏和肾脏等器官进行了解剖病理学和组织病理学的观察与研究。仔猪铁中毒时,大量的铁以含铁血黄素的形式,广泛沉积于单核吞噬细胞系统和一些重要器官的毛细血管内皮中,使脾脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏和全身的淋巴结发生组织损伤。结果表明,过量的补铁可造成仔猪的铁中毒,过剩的铁可以造成仔猪免疫系统和肝脏、肺脏和肾脏等器官的严重损伤,使机体免疫机能下降,并导致仔猪死亡。     

ZPXG-18型转盘斜刮式自动光电数粒仪和千粒重仪的设计

依据新发现的使粒料自动排序和隔距的转盘斜刮原理,设计和研制了ZPXG-18型转盘斜刮式自动光电数粒仪和千粒重仪。让无序的粒料或种粒进入有斜槽和弧槽的槽盘中,在底部转盘带动下被斜刮而移行、自动整齐排序和产生粒间距,获得光电计数所需的可靠透光间隙,并通过预置和复检二次计数实施数粒。试验表明：(1)每轮预置计数误差数小于1~2粒,而复检计数与实际粒数的误差率小于0.04%;(2)计数速度可达50 粒·s-1;(3)颗粒适用范围0.5~18.0 mm;(4)试验中未发现供试颗粒破损现象;(5)结构简单可靠,无电磁振动噪声等;(6)其原理还可以应用或开发一些既要精准计数又需防止颗粒破损的数粒设备和机械。     

15%毒死蜱颗粒剂配方及小试工艺探索

通过试验筛选出15%毒死蜱颗粒剂的优选配方及小试工艺。采用浸渍法工艺,分别探索天然载体和人工挤压造粒载体,制备高含量的缓释型颗粒剂产品的优选配方及小试工艺条件。产品质量稳定合格,颗粒流动性好,热贮(54±2℃,14d)分解率≤5%,破碎率≤10%,配方对载体材料的适应性良好,可满足不同生产成本及缓释用途的用药需求。     

桑杏平喘颗粒的亚慢性毒性研究

本试验旨在了解桑杏平喘颗粒的安全性,为临床用药提供数据支持。选用健康Wistar大白鼠80只,随机分成4组(1个对照组和3个试验组),每组20只,雌雄各半。对照组灌服生理盐水,试验组分别以桑杏平喘颗粒煎剂相当于30、15、3 g/kg体重(按照原药材计)灌胃给药,连续给药30 d,记录体重变化,在给药10、20、30 d后采血,测定血常规指标,30 d时取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏称重并计算脏器系数,制作心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏组织切片,进行病理组织学检查。试验结果表明,桑杏平喘颗粒对动物机体影响较小,是一种适合临床应用的低毒、安全的中兽药制剂。     

Physicochemical control of durum wheat grain filling and glutenin polymer assembly under different temperature regimes

Durum wheat is grown in the Mediterranean area where drought and high temperature frequently prevail and impact grain texture, composition and yield. The purpose of this work was to examine the effect of high temperature on grain development and final composition according to the timing of exposure. High temperature (up to 27.5 °C) was applied either during the linear grain filling or drying phases or during whole grain development. The dynamics of grain dry mass, water, glutenin polymers, and protein bodies during grain development were determined. Irrespective of high temperature timing, the arrest of grain filling was observed at 45.9% grain moisture content. At that point, starch granules included in endosperm cells reached their physical packing limit, limiting further deposits. HT applied before physiological maturity shortened the duration of grain filling and resulted in a significant increase in grain protein concentration and in the proportion of vitreous grain. Late formation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-insoluble glutenin polymers below 32% grain moisture content was also favored. The ability of wheat storage protein to form a viscoelastic matrix embedding starch granules at the beginning of grain desiccation is proposed to be mandatory for gaining vitreous grains and a high proportion of SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers.     

桑杏平喘颗粒对大鼠部分生化指标的影响

本试验旨在了解桑杏平喘颗粒的安全性,为临床用药提供数据支持。选用健康Wistar大白鼠80只,随机分成4组(1个对照组和3个试验组),每组20只,雌雄各半,对照组灌服生理盐水,试验组分别以桑杏平喘颗粒煎剂,相当于原药材3、15、30 g/kg体重灌胃给药,连续给药30 d,在给药10、20、30 d采血,测定血清中部分生化功能指标。试验结果表明,桑杏平喘颗粒对大鼠肝脏、肾脏、心脏功能的影响较小,是一种适合临床应用的低毒、安全的中药制剂。     

Methods of adding micronutrients to a NPK formulation and maize development

Micronutrients are essential for plant development; however, micronutrient content in soil often is not sufficient. This study compared availability of boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in the soil and their effect in developing maize plants, supplied from a physical mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) granules and micronutrients or from a granulated mixture of NPK coated with these micronutrients. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a Rhodic Acrustox soil and the formulation 4-30-10 [nitrogen-phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)] with 0.1% B, 0.2% Cu, 0.2% Mn, and 0.3% Zn. A randomized block design with four replicates was used and the NPK formula doses used were 0, 150, 300, 600, 1200, and 2400 kg/ha. Coated NPK increased Zn levels in soil in 0.5 mg/dm³ in relation to its initial content, also causing an increase in plant dry matter. Compared with mixture, this increase was more than three times greater. Cu and Zn accumulation and Zn absorption were greater when their supply was made via coated granules. The larger dose of B via coated granules resulted in a greater B accumulation in comparison to the mixture. No differences were observed for the other variables when comparing both sources. Coating NPK granules with micronutrients was better than the mixture when comparing B, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the soil. Dry matter production of maize shoots and the accumulation of B, Mn, Cu, and Zn in it was greater when the fertilizer was coated with micronutrients.     

应用正交设计优化天马颗粒剂配方的实验研究

目的 优化天马颗粒剂的最佳配方。方法 天马颗粒剂的17味药物按L20（2¹⁷）正交表分为20组,并通过对20组大鼠灌胃获取含药血清。用5%、10%、20%含药血清分别对人大肠癌细胞HCT8、HCT116、HT29、COLO320、SW480、SW620干预24、48、72 h,CCK-8法检测细胞的吸光度,比较各组含药血清对细胞的增殖抑制率。结果 经直接分析和方差分析,原方中蜈蚣、全蝎、半边莲、黄柏、三棱、大黄、胆南星、海藻、黄芪、山药均在大肠癌细胞的增殖抑制中发挥主要作用（均P<0.05,P<0.01）,而其它药物则无明显作用（均P>0.05）。结论 根据正交设计优选天马颗粒剂的最佳配方为：蜈蚣、全蝎、半边莲、黄柏、三棱、大黄、胆南星、海藻、黄芪、山药。