Channels within soft wheat starch A- and B-type granules

The nature of channels within wheat starch granules was investigated using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. A-type granules stained with 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA, protein-specific probe) revealed a network of radially oriented, channel-like protein structures similar to those previously reported. However, treatment of the same starch granules with methanolic merbromin (fluorescent dye) solution, which is used to highlight external granule surfaces (including those of channels) under non-swelling conditions, revealed few, if any, channels extending into the granule interior. This discrepancy suggested that channels within wheat starch granules were filled at least in part with protein. Removal of protein with protease facilitated greater access of methanolic merbromin to channels and/or cavities for both granule types. For A-type starch granules, relatively large channels were observed in the equatorial groove region, while finer channels originated from other regions of the granule. This work reports the first visualization of B-type granule channels, which most frequently occurred as less-defined voids (as opposed to the fine, discrete channels of A-type granules) extending to granule surfaces. Channels of A- and B-type starch granules appeared to facilitate transfer of chemical reagent into the granule matrix, though this effect was aided by granule swelling (hydration) and/or removal of channel-associated protein.     

阿胶泡腾颗粒对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究了阿胶泡腾颗粒对小鼠免疫功能的影响.通过免疫器官重量法,考察了阿胶泡腾颗粒对小鼠中枢免疫器官和外周免疫器官发育的影响;通过碳廓清试验,考察了阿胶泡腾颗粒对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响;通过迟发型变态反应试验,考察了阿胶泡腾颗粒对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响.结果表明,阿胶泡腾颗粒能增加免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏、胸腺指数,与空白对照组...     

Study on the TLC Identification of Effective Components in the Sihuangzhili Granules

In order to establish and perfect the quality standard of Sihuangzhili granules, this experiment was conducted to identify coptidis rhizome, cortex phellodendri, rhubarb, scutellaria baicalensis, and radix isatidis in Sihuangzhili granules. We used TLC identification method to investigate the factors such as the developing agent, the expansion temperature, the expansion of the humidity, the source of the thin layer, the batch number and the color developing conditions.In the experiment, the mixture of cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, water, and triethylamine (3∶3.5∶1∶1.5∶0.5∶1) as the developing agent, was put into the expansion cylinder with the pre-saturated ammonia vapor, and was used to identify coptidis rhizome and cortex phellodendri under the UV lamp(365 nm);The mixture of ethyl acetate, butanone, formic acid and water (5∶3∶1∶1) as developing agent, sprayed with 2% ethanol solution of ferric chloride, was used to identify scutellaria baicalensis;At last, n-butanol, acetic acid, and water (19∶5∶5) as developing agent, dried and sprayed with indene ketone solution, heated at 105 ℃, was used to identify radix isatidis. The test results showed that under the test condition, the target spot was clear, with no tail, and the experiments were specifically suited in this test with strong specificity and good reproducibility.     

断奶仔猪铁过负荷的组织病理学观察

采用冰冻切片、组织化学染色技术,对铁过负荷断奶仔猪的淋巴结、脾脏、肝脏等重要器官进行了组织学观察和研究。结果表明,猪饲料中添加过量的补铁剂可造成猪的铁过负荷,过剩的铁以铁血黄素的形式,广泛沉积于单核吞噬细胞系统的细胞和肝窦及脾窦的内皮细胞,从而使这些细胞呈现Perlps染色阳性。     

中兽药乌梅颗粒质量标准的研究

为了建立乌梅颗粒的质量标准,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对乌梅、黄连进行鉴别;用高效液相色谱法测定乌梅颗粒中枸橼酸的含量。色谱条件为Silgreen C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.5%磷酸二氢铵溶液(3∶97)(用磷酸调节p H值至3.0);检测波长为210 nm;流速为0.6 m L/min;柱温为室温。研究建立了乌梅、黄连的薄层色谱定性鉴别的方法;建立了HPLC测定乌梅颗粒中枸橼酸含量的方法。建立的乌梅颗粒鉴别及枸橼酸含量测定方法简单、易于操作、准确度高、重现性好,可用于乌梅颗粒的质量控制。     

芪板青颗粒质量控制研究

为建立芪板青颗粒中绿原酸、咖啡酸和黄芪甲苷含量测定的方法。测定绿原酸和咖啡酸采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 250 mm×4.6 mm 5μm色谱柱,流动相为0.05%磷酸溶液-乙腈(92∶8,V∶V),进样量10μL,柱温30℃,流速为1.0 m L/min,在190 nm～400 nm范围进行扫描,记录327 nm色谱图;测定黄芪甲苷采用Waters symmetry C18 5μm 4.6 mm×250 mm色谱柱,进样量10μL,漂移管温度35℃,雾化器温度35℃,气流速度1.2 L/min,流动相为水-乙腈(65∶35,V∶V),柱温30℃,流速1.0 m L/min。绿原酸在3.611～72.23μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,r为0.99999,平均加样回收率97.1%;咖啡酸在3.060～61.20μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,r为0.99999,平均加样回收率96.2%;黄芪甲苷在1.0～10μg范围线性关系良好,r为0.9997,平均加样回收率为98.0%。该方法定性、定量准确,适用于芪板青颗粒含量测定。     

小豆种质资源子粒品质性状的遗传变异

对来源于我国主产区小豆种质资源子粒百粒重、种皮色泽、出沙率、淀粉含量及淀粉粒大小等品质性状进行了鉴定评价。小豆子粒百粒重平均为11.63 g,变幅5.28～24.47 g;小豆淀粉粒几何平均值为57.71 μm,变幅46.21～83.46 μm;红小豆粒色红度值（a*）平均为19.71,变幅13.0～26.0;黄度值（b*）平均为9.58,变幅5.2～16.8;亮度值（L*）平均为26.47,变幅18.1～34.0;出沙率平均为68.08%,变幅61.90%～75.98%;总淀粉含量平均为57.06%,变幅44.79%～67.44%;支链淀粉相对含量平均为82.24%,变幅62.61%～98.94%;以上8个子粒品质性状品种间都存在显著差异。小豆子粒百粒重、a*、b*、L*、总淀粉含量和支链淀粉相对含量6个性状的遗传力值较高,淀粉粒几何平均值和出沙率2个性状的遗传力值相对较低;8个品质性状均有较高的选择潜力。筛选出一批优异种质资源可应用于小豆品质育种。     

苏南典型地区土壤颗粒的空间变异特征

在地统计学和GIS的支持下,以半方差函数为基本工具,分析了苏南典型地区耕层土壤颗粒的空间变异特征,并运用块段普通克立格法(BlockKriging)进行最优无偏线性插值,制作了不同粒径土壤颗粒的空间分布图。结果表明,研究区域不同粒径土壤颗粒在较大的范围内存在着空间相关性,砂粒和粉砂的空间相关距离达到243km,粘粒也达到81km;不同粒径土壤颗粒由结构性因素引起的空间变异性达到70%以上,反映了土壤颗粒在研究区域内具有较强的空间自相关性。Kriging插值结果更直观地反映了研究区域土壤颗粒的空间变异特征。     

赤泥颗粒和赤泥对污染土壤镉形态分布及水稻吸收的效应

赤泥能促进土壤中镉形态转化（离子交换态向残渣态转化）,但赤泥碱性很强,对土壤的功能有一定的破坏,为此采用盆栽试验研究了赤泥粉和改性赤泥颗粒对酸性潮泥田土壤镉形态分布及水稻生长的影响。结果表明,同比例（5%W/W）赤泥颗粒的pH值较赤泥粉下降2.4个单位,但随着时间的推移,改性后赤泥颗粒中OH-有缓释的趋势;同比例（5%W/W）赤泥颗粒对镉污染土壤的形态分布影响在修复前期比赤泥粉小,在修复后期与赤泥粉基本相同甚至稍大,但两者对水稻生长影响不同：添加赤泥颗粒导致水稻增产18.3%,添加赤泥粉导致水稻减产33.3%;赤泥粉和赤泥颗粒均能抑制水稻对土壤中镉的吸收,添加量越高,抑制效果越明显;添加合适的赤泥颗粒能促进水稻的生长,反之抑制水稻的生长,通过试验,初步确定水稻生长状况最好的赤泥颗粒添加量为3%（W/W）,此时离子交换态最大降幅为32.1%,残渣态最大增幅为13.7%,水稻增产37.35%,糙米镉含量减少43.8%,低于国家食品卫生标准限值（Cd≤0.2mg·kg-1）。     

葛根全粉制备工艺研究

以新鲜葛根为原料,采用制片、干燥、粉碎等工艺制备葛根全粉,以全粉的碘蓝值、色泽为评价指标,研究了护色剂、护色时间、蒸煮时间和热风干燥温度对全粉品质的影响。结果表明,烘干温度是影响碘蓝值的主要因素;最佳制备工艺参数:护色剂及质量分数为0.35%柠檬酸和0.30%焦亚硫酸钠,护色时间60 min,蒸煮时间16 min,烘干温度60℃。