复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量标准研究

建立了控制复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量标准.采用薄层层析对颗粒中女贞子、金银花、黄芪、枸杞子进行了薄层鉴别以及双光束紫外-可见光分光光度法测定了颗粒中绿原酸的含量.结果显示,薄层鉴别方法专属性强,绿原酸在42.24～84.48μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线回归方程为:A=0.0053×C-0.0012(r=0.9999,n=5);样品在24 h内稳定,RSD=0.733%;加样平均回收率为102.094%,RSD=0.499%;该方法精密度高,RSD=0.382%.本质量标准可有效控制复方黄芪金银花颗粒的质量.     

高效液相色谱法测定蒿板青颗粒中一枝蒿酮酸及(R,S)-告依春的含量

为有效控制蒿板青颗粒的质量,采用高效液相色谱法对蒿板青颗粒中有效成分一枝蒿酮酸和(R,S)-告依春含量进行了研究.采用C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.4％磷酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱(0 min,5％A;0～10 min,5％A→15％A;10～25 min,15％A→30％A;2...     

正交试验优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺

为优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺,以可溶性淀粉用量、乙醇浓度、阿司帕坦用量为考察因素,以制粒难易程度、外观、粒度、溶化性、口感及其综合评分为指标,采用L9（34）正交试验优选成型工艺。最佳成型工艺是可溶性淀粉用量为70%,乙醇浓度为75%,阿司帕坦用量为0.50%,测得临界相对湿度为65%。     

金龟子绿僵菌的藻胶颗粒剂型及其促进种群恢复作用

为了保护绿僵菌的存活能力并促进其田间增殖,本试验研究了以海藻胶粒剂型化金龟子绿僵菌的成胶浓度、载体、促活组分、外膜等因素对绿僵菌的存活保护与增殖促进作用。结果确定了适合于金龟子绿僵菌与海藻酸钠、钙离子交联反应的最适条件为海藻酸钠2%、氯化钙0.2~0.3 mol/L;填充4%~10%凹凸棒土支撑颗粒内部胶网,有利于孢子存活和恢复生长;添加0.5%玉米粉或糊精作为促活剂,可使孢子增殖率提高60%;以1.5%海藻酸钠与3.5%聚乙烯醇联合形成的颗粒剂外膜对抵御外界微生物侵袭有一定作用。     

四黄止痢颗粒中几种有效成分的薄层鉴别研究

为建立和完善四黄止痢颗粒的质量标准,本试验采用薄层色谱法对四黄止痢颗粒中的黄连、黄柏、大黄、黄芩、板蓝根进行鉴别,对展开剂、展开温度、展开湿度、薄层板来源、薄层板批号、显色条件等因素进行考察。试验以环己烷－乙酸乙酯－异丙醇－甲醇－水－三乙胺（3∶3.5∶1∶1.5∶0.5∶1）为展开剂,置氨蒸气预饱和的展开缸内展开,置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视鉴别黄连、黄柏;以乙酸乙酯-丁酮-甲酸-水（5∶3∶1∶1）为展开剂展开,喷以2%三氯化铁乙醇溶液检测黄芩的存在;以正丁醇-冰醋酸-水（19∶5∶5）为展开剂展开,热风吹干后喷以茚三酮试液,在105 ℃加热检视鉴别板蓝根。试验结果表明,在考察条件下,目标物斑点清晰、无拖尾,阴性对照无干扰,方法专属性强,重现性好。     

A comparative study of eutrophication evaluationmodels based on SOM neural network and SVM

A SBR inoculated with conventional activated sludge was employed to cultivate aerobic granular sludge.Under the selective pressure of settling time, the formation of nitrifying granules enriched with the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was achieved by increasing the nitrogen loading rate (NLR).The nitrifying granule was shaped like a sphere or a ellipsoid with an equivalent diameter of approximate 1.1 mm, an average settling velocity of 1.9 cm·s-1and the sludge volume index of 18.2～31.4 mL·g-1.As the aerobic granular system was operated stably, the NLR reached a value of 0.045 5 kgNH4+ N· (kg MLSS·d)-1 with ammonia removal efficiency above 95% and nitrite accumulation ratio in the range of 80%～90%.The NLR was 4.55 times higher than that of the start up period.The enrichment of the nitrifying bacteria was quantified by FISH analysis which indicated that AOB was 14.9% of the total bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was 0.89%.It is concluded that the associated inhibition of FA at the start of the reaction and FNA at the end of the reaction would be the key factors to start up and maintain the stable nitritation.     

中药制剂“球灭”颗粒剂成型工艺研究

考察了不同＂球灭＂颗粒剂的制粒处方,筛选出干浸膏粉和可溶性淀粉的最佳组成为1∶1.5,黏合剂为75%酒精。所制颗粒的吸湿率小、成型率高、溶化率高。该结果可为＂球灭＂颗粒剂处方组成的确定及生产环境的控制提供实验依据。     

金板青颗粒中绿原酸的提取工艺和含量测定

建立金板青颗粒中绿原酸的提取工艺并对其有效成分含量进行测定。选择L9(34)正交表安排试验,用HPLC测定金板青颗粒中绿原酸的含量。结果表明,金板青颗粒中绿原酸的最佳提取工艺为12倍用量水提取3次,每次2.5 h。绿原酸线性范围在10.0~100μg/mL,r=0.9999,平均回收率100.75%(RSD=1.62%,n=6)。试验结果说明,本工艺稳定可行、科学可靠,含量测定方法简便准确,重复性好,可用于控制该颗粒剂的质量。     

Internal structure and pigment granules in colored alpaca fibers

Alpaca fibers have some distinct properties such as softness and warmth, which have not been fully understood in combination with the fiber internal structures. In the present investigation, the internal structures of alpaca fibers have been closely examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), especially in the longitudinal direction. The results showed that numerous pigment granules reside loosely inside pockets in brown and dark-brown alpaca fibers. These pigment granules were mainly distributed inside the cortical cells, the medullation regions as well as underneath the cuticles. Their size in the brown alpaca fibers was smaller and more uniformly round than in the dark-brown fibers. These granules in colored alpaca fibers loosen the bundle of cortical cells, providing many crannies in the fibers which may contribute to the superior flexibility, warmth and softness of the fibers. Moreover, there are no heavy metal elements found in the granules. The mordant hydrogen peroxide bleaching employed could eliminate the pigment granules and create many nano-volumes for further dyeing of fibers into more attractive colors.     

Microscopical Study of the Destructuring of Waxy Maize and Smooth Pea Starches by Shear and Heat at Low Hydration

Smooth pea and waxy maize starches were processed under controlled temperature (<160 °C) conditions at low moisture content (30%) using a rheometer with pre-shearing, to simulate extrusion. Specific mechanical energy was measured and remained lower than 10³J/g. Starch modification was analysed at different structural levels by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry, light microscopy and at the granular level by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal inputs induced crystallite melting and internal disorganisation of granular structure, whereas mechanical input (SME>10²J/g) induced granule fragmentation. Under shearing and heating, the concomitant destructuring mechanisms led to a higher rate of modification. Fragmentation itself induced only partial loss of crystallinity (<50%). Small fragments finally melted due to a local temperature increase contributed by interparticular friction. Susceptibility to fragmentation was related to the mechanical properties of starch granules associated with their architecture and botanical origin.