无铅鸡蛋皮蛋加工技术的研究

本试验以鸡蛋为原料,采用浸泡法加工工艺,对以硫酸铜、硫酸锌和硫酸亚铁替代 氧化铅加工无铅鸡蛋的加工技术进行了研究。结果表明,用0．60％的硫酸铜或硫酸锌加工的 皮蛋,在抗碱伤能力及感官质量方面达到传统方法加工皮蛋的质量要求。     

盐酸刺激量对家蚕卵酯酶A4活性的影响及其与蚕卵活化的关系

将产卵后 2 4～ 96h( 2 5℃ )的蚕卵 ,用相同或最佳盐酸刺激量 (浸酸后点青最快、点青卵率最高 )浸酸处理 ,卵龄越大 ,蚕卵点青越迟。蚕卵的点青时间在一定范围内随盐酸刺激量增大而提前 ,超过这一范围 ,则随刺激量增大而延迟。卵龄增大 ,蚕卵酯酶A4和ATPase特征性活性峰出现时间延迟 ;蚕卵经盐酸处理 ,该时间明显提前。产卵后 96h盐酸处理蚕卵 ,酯酶A4的活性峰出现时间随盐酸刺激量增大而提前。随着浸酸卵龄和盐酸刺激量的改变 ,蚕卵酯酶A4的活性峰出现时间与蚕卵点青时间发生一致的变化。盐酸刺激量能够影响蚕卵的活化 (或滞育发育期 )和发育速度。酯酶A4的ATPase活性变化能够反映盐酸处理蚕卵的滞育程度及所使用的盐酸刺激量     

金鳟受精卵孵化期间水霉病防治药物的筛选

为了筛选金鳟受精卵孵化期间水霉感染的有效防治药物,比较研究了2种自组中药复方（A和B）及2种化学除菌剂（过氧乙酸和过氧化氢,C和D）三种消毒浓度下的作用效果。将金鳟发眼卵随机分为13组,每组2个平行,每个平行1000粒卵,选取适当的高、中、低浓度对鱼卵进行浸泡消毒,每天1次,每次持续35 min,每日消毒前进行活卵、死卵（霉菌感染死亡及其他原因死亡）计数,实验结束后,对每组存活发眼卵进行计数。结果表明：本实验所选用的2种自组中药复方和2种化药除菌剂对金鳟受精卵孵化期间水霉病的防治均有一定效果,且表现出一定的浓度相关性。经筛选,B中剂量组、C中剂量组和D高剂量组效果最为显著,但是考虑化药后期残留及对发眼卵的潜在危害,建议选择中药复方B进行金鳟受精卵水霉病防治,以进一步实现健康绿色养殖。选用中药复方B进行消毒时,应严格保证其消毒浓度及作用时间,以确保较好的消毒效果。     

赤水河赤水市江段鱼卵漂流密度的昼夜变化特征

基于2011-2012年6-7月赤水河赤水市江段鱼类早期资源昼夜24 h连续采样情况,对该江段鱼卵漂流密度的昼夜变化特征进行了研究。7个昼夜共采集银（ Squalidus argentatus）、宜昌鳅（ Gobiobotia filifer）、鳜（ Siniperca chuatsi）、寡鳞飘鱼（ Pseudolaubuca engraulis）、犁头鳅（ Lepturichthys fimbriata）、四川华吸鳅（ Sinogastro-myzon szechuanensis）、长薄鳅（ Leptobotia elongata）、中华沙鳅（ Botia superciliaris）、紫薄鳅（ Leptobotia taeniops）和花斑副沙鳅（ Parabotia fasciata）10种鱼类的卵粒9099枚。结果显示,这些鱼卵漂流密度的昼夜变化特征不尽一致,其中银、四川华吸鳅、紫薄鳅和花斑副沙鳅夜间的漂流密度显著大于白天（Mann-Whitney U-tests, P＜0.05）,宜昌鳅和犁头鳅白天的漂流密度显著大于夜间（Mann-Whitney U-tests, P＜0.05）,而中华沙鳅和长薄鳅的漂流密度昼夜差异不显著（ Mann-Whitney U-tests, P＞0.05）。根据采集鱼卵所处发育期和孵化水温推算可知,银、宜昌鳅、长薄鳅、紫薄鳅、中华沙鳅和花斑副沙鳅的繁殖活动集中在白天时段,而犁头鳅和四川华吸鳅的繁殖活动主要发生在夜间时段。繁殖时间的昼夜分化可能是导致鱼卵漂流密度昼夜差异的主要原因。     

金属聚氨酯夹芯板对蚕种孵化率的影响

金属聚氨酯夹芯板是一种新型建筑材料,保温性能好,在蚕种冷藏中有高效、节能的优点,经孵化试验对蚕种孵化率没有不良影响.     

基于DNA条形码技术对江门沿岸海域夏季鱼卵的鉴定

以江门沿岸海域夏季采集到的鱼卵研究对象,利用DNA条形码技术分析鉴定鱼卵种类。本研究获得鱼卵个体有效线粒体COI序列信息217个,测序成功率为68.5%。经BOLD数据库比对分析,成功鉴定鱼卵5目14科19属20种(未知种2种);种内遗传距离为0~0.006,平均遗传距离为0.002,种间遗传距离为0.149~0.325,平均遗传距离为0.255,种间遗传距离为种内遗传的128倍;鱼卵样品以鲈形目数量最多,占51.8%;鲱形目次之,占24.8%;其中鱼卵优势种为黄斑鲾(Photopectoralis bindus)、日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、大甲鲹(Megalaspis cordyla)、粗鳞鮻(Chelon subviridis)、金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、亚洲(Sillago asiatica)。本次调查川山群岛东部海域获得鱼卵数量、鱼卵种类数均最多,是江门沿岸海域日本鳀、龙头鱼的主要产卵场;黄茅海、镇海湾西部水域均未获得鱼卵,可能与水域环境变化及陆源污染导致产卵环境破坏、亲体量减少有关。该研究结果揭示了江门沿岸海域夏季鱼卵分布格局,为其制定有效的产卵场保护措施提供依据,同时表明DNA条形码技术能有效地对鱼卵进行种类鉴定,可被广泛地应用于我国沿海海域鱼卵鉴定工作。     

Early assessment of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) spawning dynamics by mini‐broodstocks

The implementation of any sustainable breeding program requires a maximization of effective size (Ne) to maintain inbreeding rate at minimum levels. However, the control of Ne remains a major challenge for those species whose reproduction in captivity is based on a spawning strategy where there is no control over the established matings. The present study aims to assess the spawning dynamic of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at different dates from two mini‐broodstocks (4 ♀ and 4 ♂). Here we report the use of a simple protocol based on the genotyping of fertilized eggs from a reduced set of microsatellite loci which provides a quick evaluation of daily spawning in terms of family structuring (number of active breeders and number and family size). According to our results, the daily spawning dynamics is characterized by a fluctuation in the number of active breeders, reaching maximum values (until 100%) during peak production phase. However, the proportion of possible mating (families) in a single daily spawning never exceeded more than 81%. Unbalanced parental contributions were highly frequent, with extreme cases involving the assignment of 50%–90% of the offspring to a single family. Therefore, the use of mini‐broodstocks and the grouping of spawning harvested at different dates are proposed as strategies to minimize the inbreeding risk by providing a more optimal pattern of family structuring (increase in the number of families obtained and a more balanced parental contributions) that entails a more conservative Ne/N ratio.     

Colonizing Islands of water on dry land—on the passive dispersal of fish eggs by birds

The vast majority of global freshwater ecosystems are small lakes with less than 100 m² surface area. These lakes are often unconnected to other water bodies but frequently host fish populations. Existing explanations for how fish colonize such remote habitats often involve birds as vectors transporting fish eggs as propagules. In this study, we aim to quantify the prevalence of these explanations among relevant societal groups as well as their scientific knowledge basis. We analyzed entries in online blogs and forums and surveyed the opinions of local stakeholders and decision makers using a questionnaire. To collect published scientific knowledge, we conducted a structured literature review. Our results reveal a discrepancy between commonly found beliefs and the empirical knowledge supporting those beliefs: Dispersal of fish eggs by water birds was overall the most frequent explanation online and in the questionnaire. In the scientific literature, however, we found hardly any empirical research on passive fish egg dispersal. We propose research directions for how to close this gap of knowledge and suggest that future empirical studies on passive fish egg dispersal may be inspired by existing work on passive dispersal in aquatic invertebrates. Mitigating the belief‐evidence discrepancy on fish dispersal will be essential to better understand the patterns of fish biodiversity across landscapes, to counteract its losses, and inform management strategies for invasive fish species.     

降雨量与棉铃虫发生的关系研究

本研究利用同一地点连续10年的棉铃虫[Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)]数量和降水的资料,对降雨量与棉铃虫数量的关系进行分析。结果表明,2-4月的月降雨量和一日最大降雨量均与二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈正相关,其中2月月降雨量与二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈显著正相关,2月中旬降雨量与二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈极显著正相关,3月的日最大降雨量、中旬降雨量与二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈显著正相关,3月降雨量≥0.1 mm的日数与二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈极显著正相关。8月的月降雨量与三代棉铃虫百株卵量呈负相关。8月的降雨量、一日最大降雨量及日最大降雨量≥5.0 mm日数与四代棉铃虫百株卵量均呈极显著正相关。8月下旬的降雨量与四代棉铃虫百株卵量的正相关度最高。9月各旬的旬降雨量均与四代棉铃虫百株卵量呈负相关。10月日最大降雨量≥25.0 mm的日数与次年二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈负相关。11月的降雨量和日最大降雨量≥5.0 mm的日数均与次年二代棉铃虫百株卵量呈极显著负相关,且最重要的降雨旬是11月中旬。建立了18个棉铃虫百株卵量与降雨因子相关达显著以上水平的回归方程。     

Dose-Confirmation of Copper Sulfate for Treating Fungus on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,Eggs at a Commercial Hatchery

This study at a commercial hatchery was required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to provide independent substantiation of the results of previous laboratory dose-confirmation studies on the use of copper sulfate (CuSO₄) to control fungus (Saprolegnia spp.) on the eggs of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The study compared an untreated control group of eggs to eggs treated with 10 mg/L CuSO₄ in a flow-through system; mean water temperature was 23.5°C. Eggs were treated once daily until the embryos reached the eyed stage (5 treatments). Hatching was complete by day 11, and fry were counted to determine the percentage of survival in each treatment. Fungus was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as Saprolegnia spp. The mean survival in the control treatments was 4% and 40% in the CuSO₄ treatments; the latter survival was significantly higher, but still lower than normal. This study confirms that 10 mg/L CuSO₄ is an effective treatment to control fungus on catfish eggs when used daily until the eggs are eyed. However, continued treatment of eggs until hatching occurs may be warranted based on fungal growth rates observed after treatments were discontinued.