Owner Compliance to an Environmental Management Protocol for Severe Equine Asthma Syndrome

Severe equine asthma (SEA) syndrome is a chronic recurrent respiratory disease, common among adult horses. The disease occurs in genetically susceptible individuals after their exposure to organic dust. Thus, environmental management has proved essential in controlling airway challenge and disease exacerbation. This is a demanding process that can only be achieved through the horse owners’ cooperation. One year after initial diagnosis of SEA in a group of 39 horses, owner compliance to an environmental management protocol was evaluated. The overall compliance to the protocol was poor and the horses’ clinical health and need for pharmacological management was related to the successful implementation of the environmental recommendations provided on disease diagnosis.     

30个紫花苜蓿品种对苜蓿花叶病毒病的田间抗性初步研究

为了比较不同紫花苜蓿品种对病毒病的抗性,对30个紫花苜蓿品种的病毒病发病情况进行了田间调查,利用小RNA深度测序技术结合RT-PCR技术检测鉴定各紫花苜蓿品种中的病毒种类,并测定了各紫花苜蓿品种的发病率、病情指数、相对株高、相对单株干重、相对茎秆直径、相对叶面积、相对叶长和相对叶宽,综合比较各紫花苜蓿品种的抗性,并对部分指标进行系统聚类分析。结果表明:30个紫花苜蓿品种均只受到苜蓿花叶病毒(alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV)的侵染,所有紫花苜蓿品种的田间发病率均超过94%,病情指数范围为31.53～55.50;30个紫花苜蓿品种中,抗性较强的品种有1个,为射手2号,抗性一般的品种有6个,其余23个品种的抗性较差,分别占供试品种的3.33%,20.00%和76.67%;聚类分析结果表明,抗性较强的射手2号与其他紫花苜蓿品种的亲缘关系较远,与其杂交有可能产生较大的杂种优势。     

DHEA诱导小鼠PCOS模型过程中性激素的变化规律

【目的】鉴于在多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)发病机理和治疗方式上的诸多争议,以及使用人类PCOS材料进行研究的局限性,本研究通过构建PCOS小鼠模型以探究在模型构建过程中性激素水平的变化规律。【方法】皮下注射脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA)诱导昆明白雌鼠产生PCOS样临床症状,通过结晶紫染色查看小鼠性周期是否发生停滞;利用HE染色的方式确定卵巢发育状况;利用ELISA技术调查建模过程中血清睾酮和雌二醇浓度的变化规律。【结果】使用结晶紫对小鼠阴道上皮细胞染色可准确区分小鼠各个性周期阶段;使用6 mg/100 g DHEA持续诱导20 d后,昆明白小鼠性周期循环发生了一定的停滞,且在建模过程中体重变化与芝麻油溶剂的加入呈显著相关(P<0.05),与DHEA处理无关;DHEA连续处理后可见卵巢中巨大囊状卵泡出现,血清睾酮水平出现显著升高(P<0.05);自PCOS模型构建的第5天起,血清睾酮水平显著上升(P<0.05),且维持到建模结束;而血清雌二醇水平出现了阶段性变化,在第10、15天...     

Isolation and biological properties of virulent subpopulations from lentogenic Newcastle disease virus strains

From each of two lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains of the type LaSota and Hitchner B1 a virulent subpopulation could be obtained. The two subpopulations were—in comparison to the two parent viruses—more resistant to the lipid solvent chloroform and more stable against thermal degradation. Also, the glycoproteins haemagglutinin and F (fusion) were more stable against thermal inactivation. Electron microscopic observations revealed in terms of size and morphology all of the characteristics of NDV. Both subpopulations possessed, however, the same elution kinetics as their respective parent strains. The intracerebral and intravenous pathogenicity indices as well as the mean death times of the two subpopulations allow to classify these viruses as virulent Newcastle disease viruses.     

Updated distribution and host records for the argasid tick Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) zumpti: A potential vector of African swine fever virus in South Africa

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a lethal and contagious disease of domestic pigs. In South Africa, the virus historically circulated in warthogs and ornithodorid ticks that were only found in warthog burrows in the north of the country. Regulations implemented in 1935 to prevent transfer of infected animals or products to the south initially proved effective but from 2016 there have been outbreaks of disease in the south that cannot be traced to transfer of infection from the north. From 1963 there were widespread translocations of warthogs to the south, initially from a source considered to be free of ornithodorid ticks. We undertook to determine whether sylvatic circulation of ASFV occurs in the south, including identification of potential new vectors, through testing extralimital warthogs for antibody and ticks for virus. Results of testing warthogs for antibody and other species of ticks for virus will be presented separately. Here we report finding Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) zumpti ticks in warthog burrows for the first time. This occurred in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) in 2019. Since African swine fever was recognised in the ECP for the first time in 2020 and outbreaks of the disease in domestic pigs continue to occur there, priority should be given to determining the distribution range and vector potential of O. (P.) zumpti for ASFV.     

4株NDV流行株的分离鉴定、生物学特性及遗传学特性的研究

为研究近年国内的新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）流行株与传统疫苗株（Mukteswar、La Sota及Clone 30）的亲缘关系和遗传演化情况,试验从广东、广西和海南地区患病的免疫鸡群病料中分离鉴定得到4株NDV流行株。通过RT-PCR技术对各毒株的F和HN基因进行扩增、克隆与序列分析,然后与GenBank上发表的NDV序列进行同源性比对、遗传进化树分析,并测定各毒株致病指数。结果显示,本试验中HN-08株的鸡胚半数感染量（EID₅₀）、平均死亡时间（MDT）、脑内致病指数（ICPI）和静脉致病指数（IVPI）分别为10^-8.37/0.2 mL、58.5 h、1.78和2.45,XX-08株分别为10^-6.50/0.2 mL、75.0 h、1.61和2.41,YS-09株分别为10^-7.75/0.2 mL、64.5 h、1.71和2.38,LF-09株分别为10^-7.60/0.2 mL、63.8 h、1.84和2.38。4株鸡源NDV流行株彼此间F和HN基因推导的氨基酸序列同源性在95.8%以上,与鸡源流行株GX11/03、GM株的同源性为96.8%~98.6%,而疫苗株Mukteswar、La Sota及Clone 30株的同源性为86.7%~90.6%,与标准强毒株F₄₈E₉的同源性为88.4%~91.3%。表明4株NDV流行株均为强毒株,与近年来国内流行的GX11/03、GM株有较近的亲缘关系,而与传统疫苗株的关系相对较远。     

鸡胚蛋重比作为评价传染性支气管炎病毒致侏儒化指标的研究

在鸡胚上接种鸡传染性支气管病毒（M41、H120、HN99株）后6 d内,每天称量胚体和各自种蛋的重量,计算胚体/种蛋重量的比值（EE值）。EE值与未接种病毒的对照组鸡胚相比,计算出最小感染量,EE指数通过接种过IBV的鸡胚EE值和对照组EE值相比计算出来。结果表明,在接种M41株和HN99株后第4天EE值与对照组差异显著,在接种H120株后第5天EE值与对照组差异显著,可初步判定是被传染性支气管炎病毒感染,这种方法可更快更有效的观察胚体损伤程度,尤其适用于需经传代才能看到矮小化现象的野毒株。     

猪外周血单个核细胞cDNA酵母表达文库的构建及与猪瘟病毒E2蛋白相互作用细胞蛋白的筛选

为研究猪瘟病-毒(CSFV)蛋白与宿主细胞蛋白之间的相互作用,本研究通过SMART技术合成猪外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)双链cDNA,以携带与载体pGADT7-Rec重组位点同源序列的特异引物经long-distance PCR扩增双链cDNA.纯化双链cDNA并与载体pGADT7-Rec共转化酵母菌株Y187,经同源重组构建PBMC cDNA酵母表达文库.以CSFV E2蛋白为诱饵进行酵母双杂交筛选,得到阳性克隆根据序列比对分析结果,进一步进行共转化验证.结果显示筛选到17个与CSFV E2蛋白相互作用的宿主细胞蛋白,基因注释(GO)分析表明这些蛋白分别参与免疫、代谢、细胞生长与增殖、生物调节等过程,为研究它们与CSFV E2的相互作用奠定了基础.