Transgressive segregation in inter and intraspecific crosses of barley

Summary Six populations of F₂-derived lines of barley and their parents were evaluated for heading date, plant height, grain yield, bundle weight, and harvest index in a replicated experiment in the field. These data were used to estimate the minimum number of effective factor pairs segregating for each trait, the number of favorable factors contributed by each parent in a cross, and the frequencies and magnitudes of transgressive segregates.Heading date, plant height, and harvest index were controlled by three to four effective factor pairs, whereas grain yield and bundle weight were controlled by five or more.All three H. spontaneum strains used in our study contributed one or more useful genes for each of the traits, grain yield, heading date, plant height, bundle weight, and harvest index. Therefore, it seems that H. spontaneum can be a useful source of favorable genes for quantitative traits, especially for grain yield, which could be incorporated into barley varieties readily by backcrossing. Transgressive segregates for grain yield in the interspecific crosses may provide the basic materials for improving the productivity of cultivated barley varieties.Journal Paper No. J-9760 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames, IA 50011. Project 2227. Supported in part by a grant from the Science and Education Administration-Cooperative Research, United States Department of Agriculture.     

价值链分析法与企业战略成本管理

运用价值链的原理和价值链的分析方法,提出了我国企业实现战略成本管理的必要性与基本思路和重要途径,强调指出我国企业应改变传统的成本管理观念与成本管理方法,构造企业良好的价值链,提高产品的成本效能和企业的经济效益.     

社区共管在云南生物多样性管理中的作用——以云南省FCCD项目实施的保护区为例

论述了云南省自然保护区通过引进国际项目开展社区共管、实现生物多样性有效管理目标取得的经验,分析社区共管中存在的问题,就今后开展社区共管提出一些看法与建议。     

植物源杀虫剂作用机理研究进展

植物源杀虫剂是当前农药研究的热点。笔者综述了植物源杀虫剂的发展简史和研究现状,介绍了杀虫植物的有效成分、作用方式及作用机理,提出了植物源杀虫剂的发展前景与存在的问题。     

电子束处理烟草甲末龄幼虫的辐照效应

利用不同剂量的电子束对烟草甲末龄幼虫进行辐照处理,研究电子束辐照对末龄幼虫42d内死亡率、完全致死时间、化蛹率和羽化率及繁殖能力的影响。结果表明,随辐照剂量的增加,末龄幼虫的死亡率逐渐上升,但并不是立即死亡,而是随继续饲养时间的延长而增加。幼虫完全致死时间随辐照剂量的增加而缩短,经480Gy以上剂量辐照的烟草甲幼虫不能羽化为成虫,经300Gy以上剂量辐照的烟草甲幼虫羽化出的成虫不能产生下一代成虫。综合考虑其他因素,300Gy的剂量可以作为阻止烟草甲末龄幼虫繁殖的有效辐照剂量。     

Determination of Mass Transfer Parameters During Deep Fat Frying of Rice Crackers

The accuracy of the knowledge of mass transfer parameters(effective moisture diffusivity,mass transfer Biot number and mass transfer coefficient) in the case of frying food,is essential and important for designing,modeling and process optimization.This study is undertaken to develop an approach for determining mass transfer parameters during frying of spherical rice cracker in sunflower oil at 150,170 and 190 ℃.These parameters were evaluated from the plots of dimensionless concentration ratios against time of frying.Effective moisture diffusivity,mass transfer Biot number and mass transfer coefficient ranged between 1.24×10-8 to 2.36×10-8 m2/s,1.96 to 2.34 and 5.51×10-6 to 9.70×10-6 m/s,respectively.Effective moisture diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient were found to increase with an increasing frying temperature,whereas mass transfer Biot number decreased.An Arrhenius-type relationship was found between effective diffusivity coefficient and frying temperature.     

罗宾根螨发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

在恒温条件下,对罗宾根螨(Rhizoglyphus robini Clapareda)卵、幼螨、若螨历期以及成螨产卵前期、世代发育历期进行测定,用直线回归法对罗宾根螨各螨态和1个世代的发育起点温度和有效积温进行计算,并根据有效积温法则对该螨在云南各地的年发生代数进行预测.结果表明:该螨全世代的发育起点温度为10.01℃,有效积温为171.72℃·d;该螨年发生代数在昆明为11代、陆良为12代、富民为14代.     

柑桔黑刺粉虱发生规律及防治

对柑桔黑刺粉虱的生活习性,发生规律,有效积温,天敌种类和药剂防治等进行了比较系统的研究,该虫在广东一般１年发生５代,第１代成虫出现份,１１月下旬以后若虫和蛹开始越冬,发育起点温度为１１．０１℃,完成了１个世代所需有效积温为７９１．２７日度。     

大灰食蚜蝇发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

 在恒温条件下用甘蓝蚜饲养大灰食蚜蝇,得到其各虫态的发育历期,用直线回归法求得各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温,卵、1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为9.69 ℃,12.39 ℃,6.97 ℃,2.03 ℃和2.35 ℃,对应的有效积温分别为30.17 d·℃,27.85 d·℃,30.98 d·℃,78.55 d·℃和149.54 d·℃.     

卫星遥感和积温-辐射模型预测区域冬小麦成熟期

准确预测区域尺度的小麦成熟期,指挥麦收机械化作业有序开展,具有十分重要的社会和经济效益。该文针对目前区域冬小麦成熟期预测中时效性差、缺乏空间分布以及缺少定量描述等突出问题,选择华北地区河北、河南和山东3省冬小麦为研究对象,首先基于S-G滤波后的2013年冬小麦生育期时间序列MODIS LAI,采用动态阈值法获取抽穗期具体日期,即叶面积指数(LAI)达到峰值时的具体日期;然后基于由2008-2012年农业气象资料与地面气象资料构建的抽穗-成熟期有效积温模型和总辐射模型,逐个栅格单元计算MODIS LAI获取的抽穗期具体日期到当前日期的积温、太阳辐射总量,并结合全球多模式集合预报(THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble,TIGGE)资料对当前日期(5月10号至6月8号)之后的16 d冬小麦成熟期进行逐日动态预测以得到全部区域的成熟期预测值;最后采用农业气象站点的成熟期观测值对预测结果进行验证,结果表明:冬小麦成熟期预测值与观测值的决定系数R2为0.92,均方根误差RMSE约为3 d,两者具有良好的相关性。该研究方法对其他大区域的农作物成熟期预测具有借鉴价值。