成为有效教师的新路径探析

随着课改的深入,有效教学成了讨论的焦点,然而只要存在教学,教师作为教学工作的中心地位就不能动摇。美国教育家鲍里奇提出的＂有效教师＂的概念无疑为开拓教学方法改革提供了新的思路。本文旨在通过分析教师教学行为的＂有效性＂,在教学准备上探索成为＂有效教师＂的新路径。     

干扰素研究进展

干扰素是一类具有广泛生物学活性的蛋白质,具有调节机体免疫功能、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等多种作用,是机体防御系统的重要组成部分。该文主要叙述了干扰素的分类基本特性,作用机理及其在人医和兽医上的应用,并指出了当前干扰素研究中存在的问题。     

北京生态涵养区农民增收长效机制研究

介绍了北京生态涵养区农民增收的基本情况,分析了制约农民增收的主要原因,并提出了促进生态涵养区农民增收的长效机制。     

2008年江苏地区基因Ⅶd亚型新城疫病毒遗传变异分析

为了研究基因Ⅶ d亚型新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)的分子流行病学及遗传变异规律,作者对2008年分离自江苏地区16株具有一定代表性NDV分离株的F和HN基因片段进行了扩增.根据F基因和HN基因序列绘制的2个遗传进化树基本一致,表明分离株中不存在囊膜糖蛋白基因发生重组的NDV;同时,HN蛋白线性表位发生E347K突变的变异株的分离率在我国呈上升趋势.基因Ⅶd亚型变异株的出现应引起相关领域从业者们的高度重视.     

药用真菌香菇代料栽培优良菌株的筛选研究

本文以菌丝生长速度、生长势、产量、栽培性状为指标对6个香菇菌株进行筛选,旨在筛选出适合代料栽培的优良香菇菌株。结果表明,武香1号和931这两个菌株在菌丝生长速度、生长势、产量、栽培性状等指标上明显优于其他菌株,是适宜河南省香菇代料栽培的优良菌株。     

光棘球海胆胚胎发育生物学零度和有效积温的初步研究

通过室内试验和数理统计的方法,研究了光棘球海胆受精卵发育的生物学零度及有效积温。试验结果表明:光棘球海胆受精卵发育的生物学零度为4.66℃;受精卵发育至棱柱幼体的有效积温为482℃.h;受精卵发育至初期稚胆的有效积温为350℃.d。     

Serological response of guinea pigs to oily and aqueous inactivated vaccines containing a Brazilian isolate of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is widespread in cattle in Brazil and research shows its large antigenic variability. Available vaccines are produced with virus strains isolated in other countries and may not be effective. In this study, inactivated vaccines containing the Brazilian BVDV-Ib IBSP11 isolate were developed and tested on 6 groups of 10 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Animals in groups A and C received an aqueous vaccine (aluminum hydroxide); B and D groups received an oily vaccine (Montanide ISA50); Group E positive-control animals were given an imported commercial vaccine with BVDV-Ia Singer; Group F animals were sham vaccinated (negative control). Groups A, B and E received two doses, and Groups C and D, three, every 21 days. Twelve blood samples were taken, at 21-day intervals over 231 days, and evaluated for antibody titer through virus-neutralization (VN), using a homologous strain (IBSP11), and a heterologous strain (BVDV-Ia NADL). Most animals, 42 days following the first dose, seroconverted to both strains and, after the second dose, there was a significant increase of titers in all groups. The oily formulation induced greater response after the third administration. This increase was not observed with the aqueous vaccines, regardless of the virus used in the VN. Antibody decline was more rapid in animals that received aqueous vaccines. The results showed the importance of studying the influence of endemic strains of commercial vaccines, to improve the efficacy of BVD vaccination. Use of the endemic strain in vaccine formulation presented promising results, as well as the use of guinea pigs as a laboratory model.     

TLC-HPLC检测三黄连合剂的有效成分

[目的]以薄层色谱法-高效液相色谱法(TLC-HPLC)检测三黄连合剂的有效成分,为制定其质量标准及后期临床推广应用提供理论依据.[方法]采用TLC对三黄连合剂中的主要组分黄连、黄芩和连翘进行定性鉴别,并以HPLC对其主要有效成分黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱和连翘苷进行含量测定.[结果]三黄连合剂TLC色谱中的图像斑点清晰,与标准品对照斑点对齐,颜色一致.HPLC测定三黄连合剂中黄芩苷、连翘苷和盐酸小檗碱分别在75.00~1200.00μg/mL(r=0.9997) 、4.17~66.67 μg/mL(r=0.9998)、9.38~150.00 μg/mL(r=0.9999)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为113.92%、100.18%和100.40%,其含量分别为5.03、0.25和0.27 mg/mL.[结论]TLC-HPLC可作为三黄连合剂的质量控制方法,且操作简便、重现性良好.     

Determination of Mass Transfer Parameters During Deep Fat Frying of Rice Crackers

The accuracy of the knowledge of mass transfer parameters(effective moisture diffusivity,mass transfer Biot number and mass transfer coefficient) in the case of frying food,is essential and important for designing,modeling and process optimization.This study is undertaken to develop an approach for determining mass transfer parameters during frying of spherical rice cracker in sunflower oil at 150,170 and 190 ℃.These parameters were evaluated from the plots of dimensionless concentration ratios against time of frying.Effective moisture diffusivity,mass transfer Biot number and mass transfer coefficient ranged between 1.24×10-8 to 2.36×10-8 m2/s,1.96 to 2.34 and 5.51×10-6 to 9.70×10-6 m/s,respectively.Effective moisture diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient were found to increase with an increasing frying temperature,whereas mass transfer Biot number decreased.An Arrhenius-type relationship was found between effective diffusivity coefficient and frying temperature.