贺兰山岩羊冬夏季的上毛显微形态特征比较

应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术,对贺兰山岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)颈部、背部、腹侧部、腹下部、臀部、腿部、蹄部7个部位冬毛及夏毛形态特征进行观察与比较。结果表明:除过鳞片花纹类型及排列顺序表现出一致性外,贺兰山岩羊7个部位冬毛和夏毛在毛长度、毛伸直长度、卷曲度、毛细度、髓质细度、毛髓质指数上均存在一定差异。贺兰山岩羊上毛髓质指数较高,除蹄部外,其它6个部位保持在90%以上。躯干部毛长度和毛髓质指数显著高于腿部和蹄部(P0.05),主要起到保温功能。腿部和蹄部杂波型鳞片比例最大,皮质发达,主要起到保护功能。这将为贺兰山岩羊的形态学及物种鉴定研究提供一些基础资料。     

绒山羊次级毛囊基因表达滞后性的转录组分析

毛囊是具有高度的自我更新能力、独特的可再生器官,其周期性变化是一个动态过程,为了研究毛囊差异基因表达变化情况,文章以内蒙古绒山羊生长期毛囊为研究对象,利用Illumina高通量测序技术方法,检测6~10月皮肤毛囊差异基因表达变化情况,寻找对绒毛生长及质量具有调控作用的特异表达基因。试验发现,多数差异基因分别在初级毛囊（PF）的7、8月份和次级毛囊的（SF）8、9月份表达;在绒毛生长期的相邻月份中,发现FAM83C、LOC102185501、FYCO1、CTTNBP2NL、C6orf132、KRTAP29-1 和 CRYBG3 7个共同差异表达基因呈现相同的表达趋势,且在次级毛囊上的表达变化均比初级毛囊滞后1个月。综上所述,次级毛囊在基因表达调控中存在一定的滞后性,这将为绒毛周期生长发育和分子育种提供重要的理论基础。     

生防芽孢杆菌蛋白水解液对小白菜根系的影响

利用沿海废弃鱼蛋白为原料分别制备含各种肽和氨基酸的广谱生防枯草芽孢杆菌T2水解液、酸水解液和自然浸提液,将其分别添加到植物生长培养基中,观察并分析了3种不同处理对小白菜根系发育的影响。结果表明,T2水解液明显增加了小白菜根毛的长度和密度,有效地诱导了不定根的形成,增强了植株的根系活力,且T2水解液中植物生长素IAA的前体物质色氨酸的含量也明显高于其它两种水解液,从而为开发兼具防病和增产作用的新型生物肥料提供新思路。     

中国超细毛羊（甘肃型）胎儿皮肤毛囊发育及其形态结构

【目的】探究中国超细毛羊（甘肃型）毛囊的组织结构与毛囊形态发生过程,为超细毛羊毛囊发育的分子调控机制研究奠定组织学基础。【方法】采用冰冻组织切片技术制作横切、纵切切片,在显微镜下观测照相。【结果】中国超细毛羊（甘肃型）毛囊结构包括连接组织鞘、外根鞘、内根鞘、毛干和毛球部。在胎龄87 d时初级毛囊发生形成毛芽,在初级毛囊基底部可见次级毛囊的囊泡结构。胎龄102 d时次级毛囊开始再分化。到胎龄138 d时,初级毛囊基本发育成熟。胎龄87—147 d,初级毛囊密度随胎龄增长逐渐降低,次级毛囊密度随胎龄增长逐渐升高,在胎龄102—117 d时次级毛囊增长迅速,在胎龄117 d时达到最大值（232.8±12.44）个/mm2,胎龄126 d时次级毛囊/初级毛囊比值达到最大值9.96。【结论】在胎龄84 d时初级毛囊开始发生,胎龄87 d时次级毛囊开始发生,胎龄102 d时在原始次级毛囊颈部隆突部开始再分化出再分化次级毛囊,胎龄108 d时原始次级毛囊大量再分化,胎龄 138 d时大部分初级毛囊和部分次级毛囊发育成熟;次级毛囊再分化是影响毛囊密度的最主要因素,它能有效地增加毛囊密度,提高羊毛细度。     

Genotypic variation of potassium uptake and use efficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Potassium (K) deficiency is one of the main limiting factors in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production. To study the mechanism of high K‐use efficiency of cotton, a pot experiment was conducted. The experiment consisted of two cotton genotypes differing in K‐use efficiency (H103 and L122) and two K‐application levels (K₀: 0 g (kg soil)^–1; K₁: 0.40 g (kg soil)^–1). Root‐hair density and length, partitioning of biomass and K in various organs, as well as K‐use efficiency of the two cotton genotypes were examined. The results show that there was no significant difference in K uptake between the two genotypes at both treatments, although the genotype H103 (high K‐use efficiency) exhibited markedly higher root‐hair density than genotype L122 in the K₁ treatment. Correlation analysis indicates that neither root‐hair density nor root‐hair length was correlated with plant K uptake. Furthermore, the boll biomass of genotype H103 was significantly higher than that of genotype L122 in both treatments, and the K accumulation in bolls of genotype H103 was 39%–48% higher than that of genotype L122. On the other hand, the litter index (LI) and the litter K‐partitioning index (LKPI) of genotype H103 were 14%–21% and 22%–27% lower than that of genotype L122. Lastly, the K‐use efficiency of total plant (KUE‐P) of genotype H103 was comparable with that of genotype L122 in both treatments, but the K‐use efficiency in boll yield (KUE‐B) of genotype H103 was 24% and 41% higher than that of genotype L122 in K₀ and K₁ treatments. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that KUE‐P was positively correlated with BKPI and negatively correlated with LKPI, while KUE‐B was positively correlated with BKPI and boll‐harvest index (HI_B), and negatively correlated with LKPI. It is concluded that there were no pronounced effects of root‐hair traits on plant K uptake of the two genotypes. The difference in K‐use efficiency was attributed to different patterns of biomass and K partitioning rather than difference in K uptake of the two genotypes.     

霍奎耶羊驼皮肤毛囊兴盛期结构分析

为阐明羊驼绒毛生长发育提供组织学基础,同时也为毛用动物的遗传改良提供重要的理论依据,通过制作霍奎耶羊驼皮肤组织切片,在显微镜下观察其毛囊兴盛期结构,结果表明霍奎耶羊驼的毛囊结构同其他动物一样,由毛球、连接组织鞘、内根鞘、外根鞘和毛干几部分组成.兴盛期毛囊直径从上到下逐渐增大,末端膨大为毛球,呈一漏斗状,毛球内陷深入形成毛乳头.毛囊群中毛囊的数量较多,且由少量的结缔组织分为两小群.     

Study of antimicrobial activity of aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin on cotton, wool, and rabbit hair

Aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin were applied in alone and in combination with each others on cotton, wool and rabbit hair by exhaustion method for the assessment of their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these natural ingredients was better in peroxide treated cotton, formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrates than their corresponding intact ones. Aloevera shown better antimicrobial activity than chitosan and curcumin when applied alone and its antimicrobial activity was enhanced by addition of both chitosan and curcumin. The application of aloevera+chitosan+curcumin combination on peroxide treated cotton and formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrate was fast up to twenty five washing cycles.     

Hoxc13 Expression Pattern in Cashmere Goat Skin During Hair Follicle Development

Hoxc13 has an important role in controlling hair formation. In this study, we examine the Hoxc13 RNA expression pattern of skin during embryo development. The result indicated that changes of the Hoxe13 gene expression and thickness of skin have a similar trend during hair follicle morphogenesis. In interpreting these results, we investigated whether the regulation motifs is in Hoxc13 intron, which is a 5.4 kb fragment. To blast with other mammals, we found a very conservative region in all mammal animals and two regions in livestock, such as cow, sheep, horse, dog, and so on, which are not in other Hox genes. We have examined putative pre-miRNA in this region, providing an entry point for elucidating currently unknown mechanisms that are required for regulating quantitative levels of Hoxc13 gene expression.     

三种天然吸附剂对水中铅镉铬的吸附研究

天然吸附剂对重金属吸附效果不同,对不同种类的天然吸附剂对重金属吸附效果的比较研究较少。本实验进行了香菜种子、蛋壳内膜和人类头发对铅、镉、铬的静态吸附研究。结果表明,三种吸附剂对重金属Cr的吸附率大小顺序为蛋壳内膜＞人类头发＞香菜种子, 对Cd和Pb的吸附率大小顺序均为人类头发＞香菜种子＞蛋壳内膜,人类头发对Pb和Cd的吸附率分别是香菜种子的1. 27倍、1.62倍。人类头发和香菜种子对三种重金属的吸附率顺序大小均为Pb＞Cd＞Cr,蛋壳内膜对三种重金属的吸附率顺序大小为Cr＞Pb＞Cd。因此,净化水中铅和镉时,可优先选择废弃毛发;净化铬时,选蛋壳内膜净化效果更好。     

我国牦牛种群资源及其绒毛纤维特性的研究状况

为了充分利用我国牦牛资源,对我国牦牛分布状况,生产状况,牦牛绒纤维特性及应用状况进行了具体介绍与分析。