Variation of Phyllosphere Microflora of Different Rice Varieties in Sri Lanka and its Relationship to Leaf Anatomical and Physiological Characters

Anatomical and physiological characters of the leaf surface and its physico‐chemical environment substantially influence the density and diversity of phyllosphere‐inhabiting microorganisms, which may include natural antagonists of important pathogens. The objective of this investigation was to quantify the phyllosphere (i.e. leaf surface) microbial population in a range of rice varieties grown in Sri Lanka and to identify the leaf anatomical and physiological characters that determine the density and diversity of phyllosphere microbes. Fifteen rice varieties including both traditional and new high‐yielding varieties were used in a planthouse experiment and a field experiment in two consecutive seasons to quantify the phyllosphere microbial population and measure leaf characters that may influence it. There were highly significant intervarietal variations in the density and diversity of epiphytic bacterial, fungal and total microbial populations under both planthouse and field conditions. However, there was no difference between traditional and new, high‐yielding varieties in their capacity to harbour epiphytic microbes in the phyllosphere. Total microbial density (TMD) under both conditions showed positive correlations with leaf hair density, stomatal density and transpiration rate. Under planthouse conditions, TMD was also positively correlated with leaf hair length and negatively correlated with leaf temperature. These correlations can be explained in terms of providing favourable microsites on the phylloplane for epiphytic microbial growth.     

动物毛发的形态结构及其功能特性研究

对人发及其他14种动物毛发的扫描电镜(SEM)照片进行分析,根据它们形态结构特征将其分为指状结构、芽状结构、鳞状结构和波状结构4类,并就每种毛发结构的保温性、疏水性及其柔性进行了比较分析。分析结果表明,具有指状细观结构形态的毛发在保温性、疏水性及柔韧性方面具有明显优势,这一信息对研究开发新型功能材料具有借鉴作用     

SEM-EDX对几种纤维的形态结构和元素成分比较研究

对几种指定纤维进行了扫描电镜 (SEM)观察 ,并且利用X射线能谱仪 (EDX)分别对兽毛的鳞片层、髓质层和化学纤维进行了元素分析 ,建立了不同纤维的比较研究方法 ,具有定性准确、分辨率高、特征信息明显之特点 ,已用于商检和物证鉴定中。     

甜瓜不同品种叶表皮特性与光合速率的观测

对4个甜瓜品种进行叶表皮显微观察、叶绿素含量和光合速率测定,结果显示,甜瓜不同品种间叶表皮气孔、表皮毛数量、叶绿素含量有很大差别。其中气孔平均数量变化范围在519～805个/mm2、表皮毛数量在28.2～62.1个/mm2、统计分析达到极显著差异;叶绿素含量在22.0～39.8 靏/cm2之间;光补偿点品种间变化差异不显著,自然光照条件下3个品种的光合速率变化不明显,但“皇后”的光合速率显著的低于其它3个品种。进一步对气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度测定结果分析认为皇后光合速率低是由于低的气孔导度引起;比较叶绿素含量与光合速率结果表明在正常绿叶品种中二者变化无相关性。     

Development of a novel diagnostic test for detection of bovine viral diarrhea persistently infected animals using hair

The purpose of this study was to determine whether manually plucked hairs might serve as an alternative sample for a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) testing. Twenty three, 1~3 week old, non-bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccinated calves, found to be positive for BVDV by immunohistochemical staining, were selected and hairs were manually plucked from the ear. qRT-PCR was performed on samples consisting of more than 30 hairs (30~100) and whole blood. All 23 animals were positive for the virus by qRT-PCR performed on the whole blood and when samples of more than 30 hairs were assayed. Additionally, qRT-PCR was performed on groups of 10 and 20 hairs harvested from 7 out of 23 immunohistochemical staining-positive calves. When groups of 20 and 10 hairs were tested, 6 and 4 animals, respectively, were positive for the virus.     

天祝白牦牛母牛胎儿胎盘和被毛中的微量元素与繁殖适应性之间的关系

测定了天祝白牦牛母牛、兰州荷斯坦母牛胎儿胎盘和被毛巾的１１种微量元素含量。结果证明，天祝白牦牛胎儿胎盘和被毛中的微量元素铜、铁、镁、砷、钼的含量极显著地高于兰州荷斯坦牛。是天祝白牦牛适应高山少氧生态环境的繁殖特性，也是适应高山少氧环境的特性之一。     

黑色素皮质素受体1(MC1 R)基因与哺乳动物毛色

哺乳动物的有色毛表型要受黑色素皮质素受体1(Melanocortin Receptor1,MC 1 R)位点的不同等位基因调节。MC1R基因的变异与动物的皮毛、人的皮肤和头发颜色差异密切相关。本文对该基因的定位、突变、多态检测及黑色素皮质素受体的作用机制进行了综述。     

Ectopic expression of a maize pollen specific gene, zm401, results in aberrant anther development in tobacco

Our previous study shows that the maize zm401 cDNA is specifically expressed in maize pollens. This evidence suggests that zm401 likely functions in pollen growth and/or development. To confirm its possible involvement in pollen development, the full length cDNA of zm40l was ectopically expressed in tobacco plants under the control of a pollen specific promoter ZM13 (from maize). RT-PCR amplification demonstrated that the ZM13-driven zm401 gene was spatially expressed in tobacco pollens. It was found that all transgenic tobacco plants expressing zm401 showed various levels of sterility, ranging from abortive flower development to male sterility. Further analyses on anther development of transgenic plants indicated multiple abnormalities in the late stages of anther development. These abnormalities include lagged degradation of the tapetum and connective tissue, failed deposition of fibrous bands in endothecium cells, and aborted pollen grain development. These results strongly suggest that zm401 plays an essential role in anther development. However the exact functions of zm401 is still unclear, and further analysis of zm401 is required to determine the exact mechanism involved in anther development.     

约互合成系猪Ag—NORs的遗传特征及其与毛色相关规律的研究

本试验利用染色体银染技术，对纯隐性黑色互助猪，纯显性白色约克夏及其杂交一代，杂交二代和杂交三代的体细胞分别进行核仁区染色，并对结果进行统计分析，结果表明，猪的Ag-NORs平均数与毛色之间具有极强的正相关(r=0.945）。     

从动物毛中提取DNA研究初探

利用蛋白酶Ｋ分解毛发蛋白，并使用酚和氧仿除去蛋白质杂质方法提取毛中ＤＮＡ。结果测量获得的数据和曲线表明：动物脱落毛发以及从保存多年标本获得的毛发均可用来提取到具有一定纯度和数量的ＤＮＡ，完全可以满足聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）所需。