天祝白牦牛母牛胎儿胎盘和被毛中的微量元素与繁殖适应性之间的关系

测定了天祝白牦牛母牛、兰州荷斯坦母牛胎儿胎盘和被毛巾的１１种微量元素含量。结果证明，天祝白牦牛胎儿胎盘和被毛中的微量元素铜、铁、镁、砷、钼的含量极显著地高于兰州荷斯坦牛。是天祝白牦牛适应高山少氧生态环境的繁殖特性，也是适应高山少氧环境的特性之一。     

动物毛发的形态结构及其功能特性研究

对人发及其他14种动物毛发的扫描电镜(SEM)照片进行分析,根据它们形态结构特征将其分为指状结构、芽状结构、鳞状结构和波状结构4类,并就每种毛发结构的保温性、疏水性及其柔性进行了比较分析。分析结果表明,具有指状细观结构形态的毛发在保温性、疏水性及柔韧性方面具有明显优势,这一信息对研究开发新型功能材料具有借鉴作用     

不同家畜品种毛绒角蛋白组分与相对含量分析

为了解不同家畜品种毛绒角蛋白的组成与差异,选择细毛羊、绒山羊、粗毛羊、羊驼、骆驼和牦牛的毛绒,利用还原法提取毛绒角蛋白,电泳分析其角蛋白的组分和相对百分含量。结果显示:细毛羊、绒山羊和粗毛羊都检出7种角蛋白组分,不同品种细毛羊角蛋白组分含量比较一致,低硫蛋白与高硫蛋白比例最大为3. 22,最小为2. 31;不同品种绒山羊角蛋白组分的相对百分含量差异较大,低硫蛋白与高硫蛋白比例最大为4. 18,最小为1. 52;不同品种粗毛羊角蛋白组分的相对百分含量差异也较大,低硫蛋白与高硫蛋白比例最大为6. 46,最小为3. 44;安哥拉山羊和羊驼分别检出5种和3种角蛋白组分;牦牛、骆驼都检出4种角蛋白组分,但是角蛋白组分的分子量大小不同。结果表明:毛发角蛋白组分和相对含量具有品种特异性,可为衣物中纤维的来源鉴别提供依据。     

桃果皮毛长度性状的评价及其与几个主要农艺性状的关系

选择6份不同类型的桃种质,测定其果实发育期果皮毛长度的变化,评价238份桃种质成熟期果实表皮毛长度,探讨其与其他几个主要农艺性状的关系。结果表明,在花后30 d时,果皮毛长度急剧下降,最后呈缓慢下降趋势直至果实成熟。果实成熟期,供试材料果皮毛长度分布在106.3～343.3μm间,平均值为193.9μm,果皮毛最短的种质为‘霞晖2号’,最长的为‘白芒蟠桃’。此外,不同果形、粘/离核、果实成熟期和地理类群种质的果皮毛长度间有明显差异,其中果形可能与果皮毛发育有一定的内在联系。     

不同填料原料对微生物异位发酵床处理生猪养殖废弃物效果的影响

以微生物异位发酵床填料为研究对象,研究了不同原料填料对生猪养殖废弃物的处理效果,分析了在相同条件下玉米秸秆填料与稻壳和椰壳粉混合物填料在温度、pH、含水量、微生物数量和营养成分变化上的差异。结果表明,稻壳和椰壳粉混合物更容易控制温度的变化,发酵床温度保持在25~54℃,并且其pH变化范围较小,为7.6~8.9,更接近好氧发酵的最适pH值范围。稻壳和椰壳粉混合物填料处理含水量稍低于玉米秸秆填料处理,维持在44%~64%之间。试验结束时,两个处理发酵床填料的pH、TN、TP、TK和有机质等指标均符合国家有机肥标准。     

The effect of topical minoxidil treatment on hair follicular growth of neonatal hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs

The effect of daily topical minoxidil treatment on hair growth was investigated in eight neonatal hairless pups. After 21 days of minoxidil treatment, hair growth occurred in the minoxidil-treated areas of each neonatal hairless pup. The numbers of hairs in the treated areas increased as compared with that in the areas treated with vehicle only. Histological findings revealed that the skin treated with minoxidil contained many hair follicles derived from epidermal ingrowths (hair germs) projecting into the dermis. These hair follicles showed various stages of neofolliculogenesis. After 31 days of treatment, terminal hair growth was observed. In the minoxidil-untreated areas, epidermal ingrowths remained undifferentiated. These results revealed that hairless dogs developed hair growth reactions following minoxidil-treatment when such treatment is applied in the early neonatal period. Neonatal hairless pups are a useful model for evaluating the effectiveness of hair growth stimulators.     

绿竹BoGPIAP基因克隆与异位表达研究

糖基化磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白(GPIAP)因其结构和功能的多样性,决定了它在各种生物学过程中都发挥着重要作用。采用同源克隆的方法从绿竹(Bambusa oldhamii)中获得一个GPIAP同源基因,命名为BoGPIAP,cDNA全长1 772 bp,其中包括1 356 bp的开放阅读框,编码一个451 aa的的蛋白。蛋白结构分析表明,该蛋白包含1个典型的GPIAP家族保守区域(47-211)和1个CCVS结构域,在N-端和C-端分别具有1个跨膜信号肽和1个GPI锚定信号肽,属于GPIAP家族。构建BoGPIAP与GFP融合的表达载体,在洋葱表皮细胞中瞬时表达,结果显示BoCOBL::GFP融合蛋白定位于细胞膜上,证明BoGPIAP基因编码的蛋白为膜蛋白。分别构建BoGPIAP的正义、反义表达载体并转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)。PCR检测结果表明,BoGPIAP已转入烟草。与野生型相比,转反义基因植株细弱,纤维细胞壁明显变薄;而转正义基因植株粗壮,纤维细胞壁明显变厚。表明BoGPIAP可能对竹子纤维细胞壁的发育具有调控作用。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪毛中盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪毛中盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶的方法。猪毛样品用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶解后,用0.1 mol/L HCl溶液调节pH值至7.0,经乙腈提取后用UPLCMS/MS进行分析。分析时采用Waters BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以0.10%甲酸水/甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正电子(ESI~+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法进行定量。结果表明:盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶标准溶液在1.0~50μg/L范围内,峰面积与含量呈线性相关。盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶的检出限均为0.20μg/kg,样品中添标平均回收率在85%~110%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%。     

Genetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema in Belgian Draught Horses

Genetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema (CPL)‐associated traits in Belgian Draught Horses were estimated, using a multitrait animal model. Clinical scores of CPL in the four limbs/horse (CPL_clin), skinfold thickness and hair samples (hair diameter) were studied. Due to CPL_clin uncertainty in younger horses (progressive CPL character), a restricted data set (D_3+) was formed, excluding records from horses under 3 years from the complete data set (D_full). Age, gender, coat colour and limb hair pigmentation were included as fixed, permanent environment and date of recording as random effects. Higher CPL_clin certainty (D_3+) increased heritability coefficients of, and genetic correlations between traits, with CPL_clin heritabilities (SE) for the respective data sets: 0.11 (0.06) and 0.26 (0.05). A large proportion of the CPL_clin variance was attributed to the permanent environmental effect in D_full, but less in D_3+. Date of recording explained a proportion of variance from 0.09 ± 0.03 to 0.61 ± 0.08. Additive genetic correlations between CPL_clin and both skinfold thickness and hair diameter showed the latter two traits cannot be used as a direct diagnostic aid for CPL. Due to the relatively low heritability of CPL_clin, selection should focus on estimated breeding values (from repeated clinical examinations) to reduce CPL occurrence in the Belgian Draught Horse.     

Increased ectopic fat cells in the longitudinal muscularis layer of the oviduct isthmus in obese Japanese Black cows

In obese humans, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to become ectopic fat cells in muscles. These ectopic fat cells inhibit the contraction of vascular smooth muscles. Stem cells have been recently identified in the human oviduct, a structure important in reproduction. We therefore investigated the number of Oil Red O (ORO)‐positive cells in the oviducts of control Japanese Black cows (n = 6; body condition score [BCS], 3.0 on a 5‐point scale) compared to those with diet‐induced obesity (n = 5; BCS, 4.0). We stained the ampulla and isthmus collected on the second day after ovulation with ORO and then counted the positive cells in each layer in 10 cross‐sections of the ampulla or isthmus. The obese group (23.4 ± 3.4 in the 10 sections) had larger numbers of ORO‐positive cells in the longitudinal muscularis of the isthmus (P < 0.05) than did the control group (15.0 ± 2.4). ORO‐positive cells were also observed in all other layers of the isthmus and ampulla; however, the number of cells in these layers did not differ significantly between obese cows and controls. Whether this observed increase in ORO‐positive cells in the oviducts of obese cows affects their reproduction warrants further study.