葡萄裂果病综合防治试验

为有效防治葡萄裂果病，以乍娜和巨峰为材料，进行了综合防治试验，结果表明，采用控制负载量，调整浇灌次数，土施多效唑、适时喷洒多年农化学药剂等以生态调控为主的综合技术，可以使葡萄裂果率降至１０－１２％以下，裂果后的腐烂率降至７￣８％以下，有效地控制了葡萄裂果病的发生和危害。     

中国梦视阈下农民生态价值观的构建

“中国梦”是国家的梦、民族的梦,也是每一个中国人的梦.“中国梦”的提出,对于当前农民生态价值观的构建提出了全新的要求,用“中国梦”引领新时期农民价值观的取向,构建科学的生态价值观,对于我国社会主义现代化建设具有重要意义.在分析当前农民生态价值观现状的基础上,该文从“中国梦”视角探析“中国梦”与农民生态价值观构建之间的关系,阐释农民生态价值观构建的基本途径.     

基于生态足迹分析的旅游地生态安全测评与规划调控——以泰宁风景区为例

以泰宁国家级风景名胜区为例,阐述了生态足迹分析对旅游规划和调控的指导作用。     

生态基础设施导向的城市区域发展战略分析——以防城江两岸城市设计为例

指出了城市生态基础设施是维系城市生态安全的有效保障,以防城港市防城江两岸为规划目标,利用反规划的方法进行了设计,提出了防城江两岸的发展策略,构建"山——城——江——海"的城市格局。以期在保护城市生态环境的基础上,对提升城市整体形象、带动城市发展起到一定的促进作用。     

Redesigning Industrial Agroecosystems

Summary

The development and mixed benefits of high-input industrial agriculture are reviewed, then illustrated with findings from a Georgia landscape study. As a basis for considering ways to reduce the serious negative aspects of industrial agriculture, we compared the basic ecological energetics and processes of natural ecosystems with pre-industrial, industrial, and reduced-input conservation tillage agroecosystems. We also reviewed our 20-year comparison of conventional tillage with no-till systems. The conclusion is that current trends to redesign industrial agriculture along the lines of reduced-input conservation tillage systems should be accelerated in order to maintain and restore soil quality, and to reduce pollution and soil erosion at the landscape scale.     

试论21世纪林业主方向——生态公益林业

我国是少林国家，发展侧重社会效益和生态效益、兼顾经济效益的生态公益林业，是我国２１世纪实现林业可持续发展的途径。     

Differences in ecological and allelopathic traits among Alternanthera philoxeroides populations

Based on a field investigation and laboratory trials, this study compared the invasive ecology of aquatic and terrestrial alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides G.) ecotypes. The aquatic ecotype showed a stronger eco‐adaptation than the terrestrial ecotype. Alligator weed performed well in wetland and riparian habitats, where it was so competitive that only one‐to‐three other plant types grew successfully in its company. In contrast, it exhibited poor growth in upland fields and parks, where the terrestrial ecotype was dominated by 6–11 other alien plant species. The aquatic ecotype exhibited significantly greater growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa. The ecotypes differed in their pattern of allelopathic inhibition of water blooms. The allelopathic effect of the aquatic ecotype persisted for a period exceeding 20 days, whereas the terrestrial ecotype's allelopathic effect subsided in <5 days. The aquatic ecotype had higher levels of antioxidant compounds, including soluble protein and flavones, and the activity of protective enzymes was also higher, which included superoxidase dismutase, peroxidase and catalase. Alligator weed's unique characteristics derive mainly from its strong allelopathic potential and tolerance of eutrophication in aquatic habitats.     

多元判别在淡水鱼类生态对策判别中的应用

分析生态对策从典型的ｋ－选择类型到典型的ｒ－选择类型的６类共２８种淡水鱼类，用逐步判别法对这些鱼类的７项生态参数变量（渐近体长Ｌ∞，渐近体重ｍ∞，生长系数Ｋ，初次性成熟年龄ｔｍ，最大性成熟年龄ｔｍａｘ，瞬时自然死亡率Ｍ，种群繁殖力系数Ｆｐ）进行挑选。结果表明，在判别鱼类的生态对策类型时，除变量Ｆｐ外，其余６项变量作用显著。根据上述２８种鱼类的６项入选变量，用Ｂａｙｅｓ判别法建立生态对策判别函数估计式，并判定南方大口鲶（长江上游）、翘嘴红鱼白（长江下游）、鲥鱼（长江下游）的生态对策类型分别为“偏向ｋ－选择类型”、“偏向ｒ－选择类型”、“属于ｒ－选择类型”。     

黄河流域耕地生态安全动态演进及时空异质性

耕地生态安全是粮食安全的基础。基于国家公顷生态足迹模型测算2000—2021年黄河流域耕地生态安全，采用标准差椭圆和时空地理加权回归模型，揭示黄河流域耕地生态安全的时空演进特征，识别其驱动因素的时空异质性。结果表明：黄河流域耕地生态安全总体呈现"N"型变动趋势，仍具有较大提升空间。从空间格局来看，黄河流域耕地生态安全呈现"东北—西南"方向收缩、"西北—东南"方向扩散态势，耕地生态安全差距变大。城镇化、财政支农及降水有利于提高黄河流域的耕地生态安全，农村居民收入及化肥施用强度则具有抑制作用，各影响因素存在明显的时空分异性。     

杂交水稻对杂草的生态控制作用

杂交稻田有杂草3～4种，杂草覆盖度为1.6%，分别比粳稻田低66%和95%。杂交稻汕优63对鸭舌草、矮慈姑和水竹叶的控制效果平均为89%。在无芒稗50株/m