天目山自然保护区旅游解说系统的调查与分析

良好的旅游解说系统,是提高游客旅游体验质量和接受环境教育的重要手段,是生态旅游区建设的重要内容之一。为了解天目山国家级自然保护区旅游解说系统设置状况和游客使用情况,以实地勘察和问卷调查为手段,对其旅游环境解说系统进行调查与分析。结果表明,景区的解说系统比较规范,并能于景区的文化蕴涵相融合,也能起到较好的解说引导作用。同时,也发现其解说系统存在着一些问题,如解说系统不完善、导游人员素质有待提高、解说牌示系统有待改善等问题。针对这些问题,建议通过建立功能完善的游客中心、增加电子解说系统等途径,来推进其旅游解说系统的功能提升。     

Simple Analysis of the Thermal Environment in Chongqing

There are a series of city environmental problems especially in the mountain city along with the city fast development. In recent decade, many scholars have studied the urban heat island, the urban temperature, the urban wind field, the precipitation and the urban visibility etc. But the urban thermal environment has not been settled radically. All the measures have not been used in the practice. And the researches in thermal environment of the mountain cities are very few. So the authors consider Chongqing as the researching object. Chongqing is one of the typical mountain cities in the semi-tropical. Sequentially we find out the characteristic of the thermal environment in the mountain city. Further the authors seek for the measures to plan and build ecological city. They conclude that CFD can be used in the simulation of urban environment, and use the result of simulation in urban planning is possible. The thermal environment in the center of Chongqing needs to be improved.     

我国亚热带山地土壤发生特性和系统分类研究进展

为了解亚热带山地成土环境下土壤形成规律和分类现状, 推动中西部山地土壤发生学研究和土系建立, 为山地土壤资源的可持续利用提供参考。综述了有关中国亚热带山地土壤的发生发育特性及其系统分类的研究资料, 包括中国亚热带山地的主要地球化学过程和成土过程特点, 亚热带山地土壤分类的主要诊断层、 诊断特性和诊断现象以及高级分类单元的垂直分布规律, 基层分类单元的主要诊断指标。在此基础上, 展望了亚热带山地土壤系统分类研究值得重视的 4个方面：（1）深入理解亚热带山地土壤的地球化学和成土过程;（2） 建立中国亚热带典型山地土壤的代表性土族、 土系, 检验和完善现有基层分类单元的诊断指标体系;（3） 强化山地土壤系统分类中分析指标和数据标准化意识;（4） 重视薄片微形态、 现代仪器分析和计算机新技术的应用。     

Attitudes towards mechanized Cut-to-Length technology among logging contractors in Northern Italy

Abstract

While motor-manual short-wood harvesting still dominates Italian forest operations, there is a growing interest to introduce mechanization in order to reduce logging costs and increase work safety and comfort. Against this background, a survey was conducted for determining the attitudes of North Italian logging contractors towards mechanized Cut-to-Length (CTL) technology and to evaluate the potential of machine simulators when introducing mechanized harvesting for prospective users. A total of 90 persons were interviewed, after they tested a forwarder simulator; 74 interviews were valid and accepted into the study for statistical analysis. This sample was younger and contained a larger proportion of employers compared with the overall population of North Italian logging contractors. Respondents are aware of the significant potential of mechanized CTL technology, and of its notable safety benefit. People working with firewood seem to be keener than the others. The main obstacles to the expansion of mechanized CTL technology in Italy are financial, rather than technical. Harvester manufacturers trying to increase their sales in Italy may want to focus on simplified low-cost machines, suitable for application to general purpose prime movers and especially designed for firewood contractors. They should also target younger contractors, who are more familiar with computer technology. Forest machine simulators can help introducing CTL technology to Italy, but one needs to think about new ways to deploy them.     

河南鸡公山引栽鹅掌楸属树种生长规律的初步研究

本文报道了鹅掌楸属树种的生物学特性、年生长发育过程及其生长规律,为制定其栽培措施提供了依据。     

济南市山体修复中的植物应用与技术——以济南市卧虎山山体公园为例

结合当前国家对于改善城市水生态环境的指导策略和因地制宜的生态修复策略,从单一的纯林修复到复合型山体生态修复,城市山体修复不仅应满足生态适宜性,同时还应注重城市景观的多样性。根据山体的现状做出综合的立地条件分析,对乡土植物和适生植物全面了解,选择出适用于本城市山体修复的植物种类,同时结合最新的理念和工程技术,达到好看、好建、好管、安全的城市山体修复的目标,最终探寻出对于城市山体修复的普适性办法。     

长白山北坡亚高山云冷杉林的植物种类组成

采用典型抽样方法,对长白山北坡不同海拔高度带云冷杉林的植物种类组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,组成长白山北坡各类云冷杉林的种子植物和蕨类植物共计109种,分属43科88属,其中乔木植物15种,灌木层植物21种,草本植物73种。     

黔东北武陵山区白线树蛙特异性兼佛顶山国家级自然保护区新纪录

在贵州省佛顶山国家级自然保护区发现一白线树蛙(Rhacophorus leucofasciatus).该标本与梵净山国家级自然保护区发现的白线树蛙标本具有稳定的一致性特征,与广西金秀白线树蛙(Rhacophorus leucofasciatusLiu et Hu)模式标本特征相似,同时存在明显差别.表现为:佛顶山标本指间蹼不发达,外侧2指具半蹼,第三指外侧及第四指内侧蹼未达吸盘基部,第二、三指指间蹼为1/3蹼,内侧2指即第一、二指指间有蹼迹;上臂背面米黄色;白线树蛙模式标本指间蹼发达,外侧3指间具全蹼,第二指外侧及第四指内侧蹼达吸盘基部,内侧2指指间蹼少;上臂背面为白色.佛顶山与梵净山同属于黔东北武陵山区,该物种为佛顶山国家级自然保护区两栖动物新纪录,地区特异性显著.     

采伐干扰和火烧对大兴安岭森林土壤化学性质的影响

以大兴安岭新林林业局宏图林场内的试验地为研究对象,对林地土壤的化学性质进行测定和分析。结果表明：采伐干扰试验迹地土壤pH值较未受干扰的迹地有所增加,而有机质含量和各种营养元素的含量均降低。火烧使大兴安岭林区实验迹地的土壤的酸性增强,经过火烧的样地要比未受干扰样地有机质含量高。土壤全N、有效N的含量在火烧后初期增加,随着时间的推移有所降低,后期又再次上升,并且含量超过火烧前的水平,火烧对土壤全P、全K、有效K含量没有明显的影响,基本保持未受干扰的水平,不同火烧年限迹地之间并无显著的差异,土壤有效P的含量在火烧初期下降,之后呈现上升趋势。     

江西武夷山国家级自然保护区蛛网萼群落的发现与保护建议

2015年9月1日在江西武夷山国家级自然保护区首次发现蛛网萼,使武夷山脉(江西部分)蛛网萼分布记录达到5个县域,成为国内蛛网萼分布最广泛的山地。初步观察提示蛛网萼枝条有较好的根萌生能力,为做好这一珍稀濒危物种保护提供新思路。建议在做好现有资源保护的基础上,开展武夷山区蛛网萼资源专项调查和各地理群落蛛网萼遗传多样性研究,为制定有针对性的保护计划提供科学依据。