健康种苗技术在果蔗优质高产栽培中的应用

在果蔗栽培中使用脱毒健康种苗是发挥果蔗高产优质潜力的关键技术之一.脱毒健康种苗可采用种茎热水处理、茎尖培养的方法获得,但后者脱毒更彻底,生产效率更高.脱毒健康种苗在果蔗高产栽培中的应用技术包括：选地整地,合理密植,蔗种消毒处理,适时播种,加强苗期、分蘖期、伸长期的管理以及适时砍收与留种等.     

藜科植物S.L多糖抗病毒作用机理初步研究

对从藜科植物中提取的、具有诱导抗病毒作用的S.L多糖的作用机理做了初步的研究。首先将S.L多糖抽提液喷施烟草,探究S.L多糖诱导烟草对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)产生抗性的最佳时间。结果表明,用S.L多糖诱导植株产生的抗性在5 d左右达到最大,5 d之后抗病性随着时间的推移而减弱。在接种病毒前用S.L多糖对烟草幼苗进行喷施,然后于接种当天及接种后不同时间对各处理的同位等量叶片测定在总蛋白含量、过氧化物酶活性及同工酶图谱上的差异。研究发现,各处理的总蛋白含量均有所增加,且高于对照,并都于接种后的第9 d达到最大值。各处理的过氧化物酶活性在接种病毒初期均高于对照,但5 d后对照的酶活性超过处理,高峰较处理提前到来,且峰值略大于处理。在同工酶谱上,病毒接种后5 d,处理的酶带比对照浓且多了1条。5 d之后,二者的酶谱变得基本相同。到接种后10 d测定,结果相反,对照比处理的酶带浓。     

3株鸽源新城疫病毒的分子特征及对鸽的致病性

2011-2013年在新城疫流行病学调查中分离到3株鸽源新城疫病毒(SDS,SD01和SD02),为了进一步了解其生物学特性和遗传进化规律,对3株病毒进行了测序和生物活性分析,并对分离株SDS对鸽的致病性进行了评价.结果表明,毒株SDS基因组全长为15 192 bp,基因排列方式为3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'...     

鸡新城疫病毒洛阳分离株HN基因的克隆和序列分析

应用RT PCR技术从新城疫病毒洛阳分离株中扩增HN的cDNA片段,并将其克隆至pMD18 T载体进行核苷酸序列测定。结果表明:新城疫分离株HN基因片段长度为1716bp,编码571个氨基酸;推测出的氨基酸序列中有5个糖基化位点,12个半胱氨酸残基;与国内外的14株新城疫毒株HN基因相比,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为66.4%~98.5%和87.8%~98.3%;与标准毒株Lasota和Clone30的亲缘关系较远,核苷酸和氨基酸差异性较大,而与天津分离株和云南分离株的亲缘关系较近,基本属于同一基因群。     

链霉菌30702复合壳聚糖对番木瓜PRSV的防控效果

探究链霉菌30702复合壳聚糖对番木瓜环斑病毒病（papaya ringspot virus,PRSV）的防控效果,为番木瓜环斑花叶病防治提供基础。以台农二号番木瓜为材料,壳聚糖设3个浓度1.0g/L、0.5g/L、0.25g/L;30702菌液2个浓度0 cfu/L和4.2×10 6cfu/L,互相组合为6个处理,以清水处理为空白组,宁南霉素0.05 g/L为对照组,共8个处理;运用分光光度计法测量相关酶活。1.0 g/L壳聚糖复合4.2×106 cfu/L链霉菌30702的防治效果为88.6（p＜0.05）,显著高于其他组;壳聚糖复合链霉菌30702组的防治效果、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性相较于单独使用壳聚糖组有显著提升。使用1.0 g/L壳聚糖复合4.2×106 cfu/L的30702对番木瓜防控PRSV的效果最好,防治指数达到88.6%。     

广西葡萄良种脱毒研究进展

建立葡萄脱毒技术并繁育和推广葡萄良种脱毒苗木,对于广西葡萄产业的健康可持续发展极为重要。本研究团队在广西最先开展了葡萄脱毒技术研究。目前已建立了10种葡萄主要病毒的RT-PCR检测方法,并建立了热处理结合茎尖培养的葡萄脱毒技术,且已成功对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄、‘夏黑’葡萄和‘巨峰’葡萄三个优良品种的带毒单株进行了脱毒。研究成果有助于进一步推动广西葡萄产业的健康可持续发展。     

Contribution of mutation I142M in fusion protein and Q44R in matrix protein of Newcastle disease virus to virulence in ducks

Although verogenic Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) generally cause subclinical infection in waterfowls such as ducks, NDVs with high virulence in waterfowl have been sporadically reported. We previously reported that the NDV d5a20b strain, which is obtained by serial passaging of the velogenic 9a5b strain in domestic ducks, showed increased virulence in ducks (Hidaka et al., 2021). The d5a20b strain had 11 amino acid substitutions in its P/V, M, F, HN, and L proteins as compared to 9a5b. In the present study, we generated a series of recombinant (r) NDVs with these amino acid substitutions to identify the molecular basis of virulence of NDV in ducks, and evaluated their influences on virulence and in vitro viral properties. Each of the single amino acid substitutions in either the F protein I142M or the M protein Q44R contributed to the enhancement of intracerebral and intranasal pathogenicity in domestic ducks. The cell-cell fusion activity of the virus with F I142M was five times higher than that of the parental r9a5b. The virus with M Q44R rapidly replicated in duck embryo fibroblasts. Additionally, the rM+F+HN strain, which has the same amino acid sequences as d5a20b in M, F, and HN proteins, showed the highest level of virulence and replication efficiency among the generated recombinant viruses, nearly comparable to rd5a20b. These results suggest that multiple factors are involved in the high growth ability of NDV in duck cells, leading to increased virulence in vivo.     

Influence of the Structural Features of Carrageenans from Red Algae of the Far Eastern Seas on Their Antiviral Properties

The structural diversity and unique physicochemical properties of sulphated polysaccharides of red algae carrageenans (CRGs), to a great extent, determine the wide range of their antiviral properties. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of different structural types of CRGs: against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and enterovirus (ECHO-1). We found that CRGs significantly increased the resistance of Vero cells to virus infection (preventive effect), directly affected virus particles (virucidal effect), inhibited the attachment and penetration of virus to cells, and were more effective against HSV-1. CRG1 showed the highest virucidal effect on HSV-1 particles with a selective index (SI) of 100. CRG2 exhibited the highest antiviral activity by inhibiting HSV-1 and ECHO-1 plaque formation, with a SI of 110 and 59, respectively, when it was added before virus infection. CRG2 also significantly reduced the attachment of HSV-1 and ECHO-1 to cells compared to other CRGs. It was shown by molecular docking that tetrasaccharides—CRGs are able to bind with the HSV-1 surface glycoprotein, gD, to prevent virus–cell interactions. The revealed differences in the effect of CRGs on different stages of the lifecycle of the viruses are apparently related to the structural features of the investigated compounds.     

Impact of Honey Bee Migratory Management on Pathogen Loads and Immune Gene Expression is Affected by Complex Interactions With Environment,Worker Life History,and Season

The effects of honey bee management, such as intensive migratory beekeeping, are part of the ongoing debate concerning causes of colony health problems. Even though comparisons of disease and pathogen loads among differently managed colonies indicate some effects, the direct impact of migratory practices on honey bee pathogens is poorly understood. To test long- and short-term impacts of managed migration on pathogen loads and immunity, experimental honey bee colonies were maintained with or without migratory movement. Individuals that experienced migration as juveniles (e.g., larval and pupal development), as adults, or both were compared to control colonies that remained stationary and therefore did not experience migratory relocation. Samples at different ages and life-history stages (hive bees or foragers), taken at the beginning and end of the active season, were analyzed for pathogen loads and physiological markers of health. Bees exposed to migratory management during adulthood had increased levels of the AKI virus complex (Acute bee paralysis, Kashmir bee, and Israeli acute bee paralysis viruses) and decreased levels of antiviral gene expression (dicer-like). However, those in stationary management as adults had elevated gut parasites (i.e. trypanosomes). Effects of environment during juvenile development were more complex and interacted with life-history stage and season. Age at collection, life-history stage, and season all influenced numerous factors from viral load to immune gene expression. Although the factors that we examined are not independent, the results illuminate potential factors in both migratory and nonmigratory beekeeping that are likely to contribute to colony stress, and also indicate potential mitigation measures.     

猪乙脑病毒HW株的全基因组克隆及分析

流行性乙型脑炎(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)是一种中枢系统人畜共患急性传染病,由蚊为媒介传播,以高热和狂暴或沉郁等神经症状为特征[1],猪患乙型脑炎的主要症状表现为怀孕母猪流产,产死胎或弱仔,公猪则患睾丸炎,仔猪呈神经症状,使养猪业遭受巨大损失。1988年我国学者方