“养蚕欢二号”对家蚕病原体的消毒效果

蚕用消毒药“养蚕欢二号”是“养蚕欢”液荆的换代产品,由次氯酸盐等多种有效成分蛆成的复合消毒粉剂.用“养蚕欢二号”0.2%~0．5%的水剂或粉剂消毒蚕宣,蚕具或蚕体、蚕座,对家蚕病毒病、真菌病,微粒子病、猝倒病等防治效果迭93.3%~100%.养蚕欢二号按规定剂量使用对家蚕的发育及体质无影响.     

豪猪源肠侵袭型大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及致病性研究

【目的】 查明引起福建省龙岩市某豪猪养殖场致豪猪腹泻死亡的病原菌及其特征,为该病的科学防控及合理用药提供参考依据。【方法】 分离腹泻死亡豪猪的病原,并结合形态特征、生理生化试验、16S rRNA基因扩增、种系发育分群鉴定分离菌株;通过毒力基因检测、动物致病性试验及药敏试验对分离菌株的致病性和耐药性进行研究。【结果】 从发病死亡豪猪肝脏组织中分离到1株大肠杆菌,命名为Fj/Porcupine2018,该分离菌株与22株不同来源的参考菌株16S rRNA序列之间的相似度为97.4%~99.8%,其中与禽源分离株（登录号：MN022583）和人源分离株（登录号：MW881377）的序列相似度高达99.8%;种系发育分群证实该分离菌株属于B1群。毒力基因检测结果显示,该分离菌株除检出肠侵袭型大肠杆菌毒力基因EinV外,还检出papC、iroC、Afa、luxs、stx2f及ompA 6种毒力相关基因。动物致病性试验显示,该分离菌株对小鼠具有较强的致病性,小鼠在攻毒后31 h内全部死亡,且肝脏、脾脏、肺脏及肠道等器官组织均有明显的病理损伤;在对常见抗菌药物的药敏试验中,该分离菌株对大环内酯类、四环素类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类、头孢类、氨基糖苷类、青霉素类7类11种药物表现出不同程度的耐药,耐药率为25%~100%,仅对头孢曲松和头孢西叮2种药物表现敏感。【结论】 本研究分离获得了1株腹泻死亡豪猪的病原菌大肠杆菌,通过一系列生物学特性研究证实该分离菌为1株具有较强致病力且呈现多重耐药性的B1群肠侵袭型大肠杆菌,为豪猪等野生动物大肠杆菌病的防控提供了重要的参考依据。     

Characterization of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass(Eleusine indica) populations in China

Goosegrass is a worst grass weed in orchards and turf.The increased use of glyphosate for goosegrass control has led to the occurrence of many resistant populations.Although glyphosate has been used to control weeds for the past 30 years in China,few reports are available on glyphosate-resistant(GR) googegrass.In this study,we determined the GR level of 14 goosegrass populations from Chengdu and Guangzhou,China.Glyphosate only controlled 3.1 and 25.0%of the populations SL5 and SL1,respectively,at the dose of 1 680 g acid equivalent(ae) ha~(-1) at 14 days after treatment(DAT).In contrast,the susceptible population(XD1) was completely(100%) controlled.The resistant index(Rl) of SL5 and SL1 were 5.1 and 4.5,and the Rl for SL2,SL3 and ZC1 were 4.2,3.2 and 2.6,respectively.The Rl for other populations was range from 1.8 to 2.5.Under the dose of glyphosate at 1 640 g ae ha~(-1) at 10 DAT,shikimate accumulation in susceptible population XD1 was 17.6 and 16.4 times higher than SL5 and SL1,respectively.And the chlorophyll content in the plant leaf of populations SL1,SL2 and SL5 were decreased slightly ranging from 22.6 to 28.0.These results confirmed that the SL1,SL2,SL3,ZC1 and SL5 populations had evolved moderate resistance to glyphosate.This is the first report for the GR goosegrass populations confirmed in Chengdu,China.     

小麦新抗源CH223抗条锈性的遗传分析及细胞学鉴定

用条中(CYR)30、31、32和33号对小麦抗病新品系CH223及其亲本进行抗性评价,分析其对条中32号的抗性遗传方式,并研究其细胞学特征。结果显示,CH223苗期和成株期对上述4个生理小种表现出免疫或近免疫的抗性水平,并具有与其抗性供体TAI7047及其野生亲本中间偃麦草相似的抗病反应型;抗×感的F1代均为免疫,反应型为0~0;型,且F2、F2:3、BC1代的抗、感分离比均符合1对显性基因控制的分离模式;CH223及其与小麦品种"中国春"等杂种F1的染色体数目均为2n=42,绝大多数的花粉母细胞具有2n=21Ⅱ的配对构型,并能与小麦染色体完好配对。说明CH223不含较大的外源染色体片段,是一个携带偃麦草抗条锈病基因的隐形异源渐渗系,对条中32号的成株抗性受1对显性核基因控制。     

Biochemical comparison of lectins among three different color strains of the red alga Kappaphycus?alvarezii

The red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii is economically important as an edible species and as a source of carrageenan, and has been extensively cultivated in many tropical countries. For this species, different color strains, which differ from each another in growth rate and carrageenan content, have been reported for decades. In this study, lectins from brown, red, and green strains of K. alvarezii cultivated in Vietnam were isolated and characterized for evaluation of their biochemical properties and contents. The results showed that each color strain contained in common the three lectins, named KAA-1, KAA-2, and KAA-3, which shared the hapten-inhibition profile of hemagglutination, 20 N-terminal amino acid sequence, and equivalent molecular mass within a range of 28,016 ± 1.2 to 28,021 ± 1.8 Da, but differed in their yields, with the highest yield of KAA-2. These properties of the three isolectins were also comparable among the three different color strains. However, the sum of the yields of the three isolectins decreased in the order: red (21.4 mg) to green (15.9 mg) to brown strains (15.1 mg), from 500 g fresh alga. Thus, this algal species can be a good source of useful lectins, irrespective of color strain.     

回生抗性淀粉种类对米淀粉凝胶形成的影响

为寻找改善普通米淀粉制品的结构及品质的新型食品添加剂,该文以普通米淀粉为原料,采用快速黏度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、质构分析仪、全自动X射线衍射仪及示差扫描量热仪等手段,研究添加锥栗、马铃薯与绿豆回生抗性淀粉(retrograded resistant starch,RSⅢ)对米淀粉凝胶微观结构及理化性质的影响。结果表明:添加锥栗、马铃薯及绿豆RSⅢ对米淀粉凝胶的结构及性质产生显著影响(P0.01),以锥栗RSⅢ的作用最为突出。添加锥栗、马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ对米淀粉糊的黏度特性没有影响(P0.05)。未添加RSⅢ的米淀粉凝胶存在很多不规则、深浅不一的大洞,而加入RSⅢ使米淀粉凝胶的网状结构变得更为规整、致密,且其胶着性与黏聚性变化不大(P0.05);添加锥栗、马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ后能加速米淀粉凝胶的形成,与未添加RSⅢ的米淀粉凝胶比,其硬度分别增加了2.38、1.97和1.25倍(P0.01),黏着性分别增加2.56、1.99和1.32倍(P0.01),弹性增加1.07、0.81和0.53倍(P0.01)。米淀粉以A-型晶体占优,锥栗RSⅢ以V-型晶体占优,马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ均以B-型晶体占优;不加或加入RSⅢ的米淀粉凝胶粉末都转变为以V-型晶体为主,且总相对结晶度没有改变(P0.05)。加入RSⅢ后的米淀粉糊除有低温吸热峰外还出现高温吸热峰,是否添加RSⅢ对低温吸热峰的温度参数影响不大(P0.05),但吸热焓显著降低(P0.01);而对于高温吸热峰,添加马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ的各项参数没有差别(P0.05),但比添加锥栗RSⅢ的显著增高(P0.01)。可见添加不同来源的RSⅢ可以有效改善米淀粉凝胶的结构与品质。该研究结果为抗性淀粉用于提高米制品品质与营养功能的研究和生产提供了重要参考。     

中国对虾抗病群体选育的初步研究

1998年自山东威海外海 1 2 3°E,3 7°N附近海域采捕中国对虾 2 3 0尾 ,经过生产规模的苗种培育繁殖下代。连续 3年从染病存活的对虾养殖池中选留亲虾。结果表明 ,经过选种的后代存活率一年比一年高 ,同一地区 1 3口养殖池的养殖效果也一年比一年好。室内白斑综合症病毒 (White SpotSyndrom Virus,WSSV)感染的实验结果表明 ,选育的第 3代表现出明显的抗病力 ,由此证实中国对虾抗病力具有遗传基础 ,进一步的选育有望培育出抗病毒的对虾新品种     

Seasonal Differences in Growth Performance of Four Strains of Common Carp,Cyprinus carpio in India

To assess strain related differences in growth performance and growth patterns under the same culture environment, four strains of common carp, two each of the scale carp, Cyprinus carpio var. communis (Chinese big-belly carp and long bodied carp) and mirror carp, C. carpio var. specularis (scattered carp and linear carp) were communally stocked in three fertilized earthen ponds of 0.14 ha each at 5,000 fish ha^?1 in the ratio of 1:1:1:1 during an 11-month (February to December) culture cycle. Chinese big-belly carp grew larger than other groups, among which there were no significant differences. Scale carp strains performed relatively better than mirror carp at higher temperatures and then essentially stopped growing as temperatures declined into winter. The strains of mirror carp, on the other hand continued growing well later into the cold season.     

黑斑蛙蝌蚪出血病病原菌的分离鉴定及药物敏感性

为确定黑斑蛙蝌蚪出血病的病原菌并筛选出防治该病的药物,本研究从患出血病蝌蚪体内分离出菌株KD-CXB-1,健康蝌蚪在人工感染该菌后出现与自然感染蝌蚪相似的出血症状.同时从人工感染死亡蝌蚪体内分离到与菌株KD-CXB-1形态特征及生理生化特性一致的优势菌株,以上结果表明KD-CXB-1为黑斑蛙蝌蚪出血病的病原菌.实验进一...     

荞麦轮纹病抗性鉴定方法的建立及荞麦抗病种质资源的筛选

为建立荞麦轮纹病的抗性鉴定方法和筛选可利用的抗轮纹病的荞麦种质资源,本研究以TP2和KP14为供试材料,在健康荞麦叶片正面针刺处理,然后用荞麦轮纹病的病原菌菌饼进行接种;利用建立的抗性鉴定方法,对50份荞麦种质资源进行抗病性评价。结果显示:针刺5针接种叶片病斑出现较快,且比针刺1针、针刺3针的叶片病斑大,针刺5针的病情指数最高。50份荞麦种质资源的病情指数有差异,其中YZ-18的病情指数为29.63,为高抗种质资源,YZ-2、YZ-5、YZ-13和YZ-9的病情指数均低于40,为中抗种质资源,其余为感病种质资源。因此,接种前叶片正面针刺5针的方法为最佳的抗性鉴定方法。50份抗性评价的荞麦种质资源中,筛选出5份抗病种质资源。