鸭链球菌的分离与耐药性监测

本研究利用鲜血琼脂和营养琼脂培养基,从自然发病的鸭体内成功分离出链球菌19株,革兰氏染色镜检可见革兰氏阳性球菌呈长链状排列,生化试验和动物接种试验结果表明,所分离的细菌对鸭有致病性。药敏试验结果表明,分离的菌株耐药性均很强,除7株对丁胺卡那中度敏感外,其余菌株对丁胺卡那、头孢曲松钠、氧氟沙星等14种药物低度敏感或不敏感。说明鸭链球菌耐药性在不断增强,给鸭链球菌病的防治带来了一定的困难。     

中药“驱螨净”对兔螨病的治疗试验

用中药“驱螨净”治疗２３只螨病患兔。结果：一次用药后治愈率达９１．３％，初步证实该药剂对治疗兔螨病具有显著的作用。     

Evolution of High-level,Multiple Anthelmintic Resistance on a Sheep Farm in Malaysia

Anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep and goats on a government farm in north Malaysia was monitored over a 3-year period (1997–2000). The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was conducted on young sheep at the beginning and end of this period. Changes in management, designed to reduce the selection pressure for the development of anthelmintic resistance, were also implemented during this time. By far the most important parasite problem was Haemonchus contortus. In 1997, this nematode was found to be resistant to levamisole, with suspected resistance to closantel and moxidectin. However, when the FECRT was repeated 3 years later, its resistance status had become much more severe, with resistance to benzimidazole, levamisole and ivermectin, and suspected resistance to moxidectin. This rapid evolution to multiple anthelmintic resistance is a major concern that needs to be arrested. There is an urgent need to evaluate other control strategies that incorporate livestock management, the `smart' use of drugs and non-chemotherapeutic approaches, such as biological control agents.     

Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus faecalis from Fur-bearing Animals

In order to obtain Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals and evaluate its prebiotic properties,in this study,Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the feces of healthy adult fur-bearing animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog),identified by morphological observation,biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The growth curve,acid production capacity and antibiotic sensitivity of the Enterococcus faecalis isolates were measured to evaluate their probiotic properties.Some strains were selected to determine their tolerance to temperature,artificial gastric juice and artificial bile salt.The results showed that five strains were Gram-positive,and their biochemical characteristics were basically consistent with the standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis,and they were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The five strains all entered the logarithmic phase at 2 h after culture,and entered the stable phase at 8-10 h,and had weak acid production capacity.The resistance rate of the isolates to tetracycline and levofloxacin was 100%,followed by penicillin (80%),erythromycin (80%),gentamicin (80%) and chloramphenicol (40%).All the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis from mink,fox and raccoon dog had strong tolerance to temperature below 60 ℃,artificial gastric juice with pH>3.0 and 0.3%-0.5% concentration of bile salt,but poor tolerance to temperature above 70 ℃,and artificial gastric juice with pH<3.0.In conclusion,five strains of Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog) were obtained in this study.The isolated strains propagated rapidly,which were suitable for colonization and played a prebiotic role in fur animals' intestines,and had good prebiotic characteristics and stress resistance.They could be used as candidate strains for animal microbiological agents for further study.     

铝中毒对蛋鸡白细胞和红细胞免疫功能的影响

采用连续腹腔注射相同体积不同浓度梯度的三氯化铝，建立不同程度的鸡亚慢性铝中毒型，检测铝中毒雏鸡外周血白细胞数(WBC)、淋巴细胞总数、ANAE+T数及红细胞C3b受体花环率和红细胞免疫复合物花环率。结果表明，铝中毒雏鸡外周血白细胞数、淋巴细胞总数、ANAE+T数及红细胞C3b受体花环率均明显低于健康对照组雏鸡，而红细胞免疫复合物花环率明显高于健康对照组雏鸡。上述结果说明, 铝中毒对雏鸡细胞免疫和非特异性免疫功能有明显的抑制作用。     

Evaluation of a Bacillus stearothermophilus tube test as a screening tool for anticoccidial residues in poultry

A Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis C953 tube test was evaluated for its ability in detecting the residue of selected anticoccidial drugs in poultry, specically sulfamethazine, furazolidone, and amprolium. Various concentrations of each drug were injected into chicken liver and kidney tissues and these tissues were tested to determine the drug detection limits for each drug. The detection limit was defined as the drug concentration at which 95% of the test results were interpreted as positive. The limits of detection in liver tissue were 0.35 µg/ml for furazolidone, 0.70 µg/ml for sulfamethazine and 7.80 µg/ml for amprolium. In kidney tissues, they were 0.30 µg/ml for furazolidone, 0.54 µg/ml for sulfamethazine, and 7.6 µg/ml for amprolium. It was concluded that this tube test could be used to screen for the residue of these three drugs in poultry.     

Isolation,Characterization, and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Japanese Quail and their Environment

Escherichia coli isolates were cultured from diseased Japanese quail and their environment. Of 31 E. coli isolates, 11 were cultured from heart blood of dead Japanese quail and 20 were from dead-in-shell embryos, fluff samples, and footbath and drinking water samples. All E. coli isolates were moderately positive on the Congo red binder test and 14 out of 31 isolates produced hemolysis on sheep blood agar. Twenty-seven isolates were grouped under serogroups O₄, O₉, O₃₈, O₄₂, and O₈₈, whereas 4 isolates could not be typed. Of the E. coli isolates cultured from Japanese quail infected with colibacillosis, 54.5% belonged to serogroup O₉ and the same serotype was predominant in the hatchery environment. All the E. coli isolates showed high resistance to multiple drugs with 100% resistance observed against ampicillin/cloxacillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole. The highest sensitivity was observed against nitrofurantoin. This study shows that hatchery hygiene should be improved to control colibacillosis and reduce production losses. At the same time, indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided as it increases the risk of development of drug-resistant strains of bacteria.     

细菌耐药颉颃剂的研究现状及应用

作者介绍了具有颉颃细菌耐药性作用的物质的研究应用进展情况，包括灭活酶抑制剂、药物渗透促进剂、外输泵抑制剂、细菌生物被膜抑制剂、抗菌药物增强剂、耐药质粒消除剂等。     

“养蚕欢二号”对家蚕病原体的消毒效果

蚕用消毒药“养蚕欢二号”是“养蚕欢”液荆的换代产品,由次氯酸盐等多种有效成分蛆成的复合消毒粉剂.用“养蚕欢二号”0.2%~0．5%的水剂或粉剂消毒蚕宣,蚕具或蚕体、蚕座,对家蚕病毒病、真菌病,微粒子病、猝倒病等防治效果迭93.3%~100%.养蚕欢二号按规定剂量使用对家蚕的发育及体质无影响.     

抑制鹿源多药耐药结核菌中药的筛选

为了筛选对鹿源多药耐药结核菌有效的中药耐药抑制剂,通过MABA法检测24种中药的水和乙醇提取物对多药耐药结核菌及标准菌H37Rv的体外抗菌效果,将筛选出的抗菌效果好的黄连醇提物和黄连水提物采用紫外分光光度法进行活性成分含量测定,同时以MABA法与标准品比较体外抗结核菌活性。结果显示,黄连、独活和侧柏叶有明显的抗结核活性,其中黄连水粗提物和乙醇粗提物效果最佳,测得它们活性成分即总生物碱含量分别为22.74%和35.23%,并显示二者与小檗碱的体外抗结核作用相同。