丝素蛋白作为药物载体的研究进展

丝素蛋白作为一种具有优良性能的天然高分子材料,在生物医学领域被深入研究。丝素蛋白材料形态易塑,生物相容性良好,生物降解性可控且降解产物无毒,因此是理想的药物载体。本文综述了丝素膜、丝素凝胶、丝素纳米纤维和丝素微球等不同类型的药物载体,并展望了其研究和应用前景。     

“猪康散”保健用药对人工感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒仔猪血清细胞因子含量的影响

选取28日龄健康杜长大三元杂交仔猪40头,随机分为4组,每组10头。36~39日龄中药组(Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%"猪康散",40日龄除阴性对照组(Ⅰ组)外均滴鼻接种PRRSV SCM株1.0mL。于40、45、50、55、60日龄每组选取4头仔猪,前腔静脉采血测定血清细胞因子(IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α)的变化。结果显示,在整个试验期间,除0.5%中药组40日龄仔猪血清中IL-2含量与阴性对照组差异不显著外(P0.05),0.5%和1.0%中药组仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α的含量均显著高于阴性对照组和阳性对照组(P0.01或0.05);除两中药组40日龄仔猪血清中IL-6含量差异不显著外(P0.05),1.0%中药组仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量均显著高于0.5%中药组(P0.01或0.05)。结果表明,在断奶仔猪基础日粮中添加0.5%和1.0%质量分数的"猪康散"能明显提高人工感染PRRSV仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α的含量,从而提高仔猪机体免疫功能,达到抗PRRSV的能力。     

辽宁地区猪源大肠埃希菌整合子携带情况调查与分析

查明辽宁地区整合子在猪源大肠埃希菌中的分布及整合子携带耐药基因盒的种类,可为该病的综合防控提供科学依据。本研究利用整合酶基因PCR扩增法检测整合子,并对整合子可变区进行扩增测序。结果表明,71.43%(40/56)的菌株为Ⅰ类整合子阳性,1.79%(1/56)的菌株同时为Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类整合子阳性,未检测到Ⅲ类整合子;87.8%(36/41)的菌株表现为Ⅰ类整合子可变区扩增阳性,扩增产物大小在116bp~2 307bp之间,100%(1/1)菌株表现为Ⅱ类整合子可变区扩增阳性,大小为2 106bp;整合子可变区含有编码对氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药的基因(aadA1、aadA2、aadA5、aadA22、aadB、aacA4和sat2),编码对磺胺类抗生素耐药的基因(dfrA1、dfrA12、dfrA17),编码对氯霉素抗生素耐药的基因(cmlA1、cmlA6)。因此,整合子在大肠埃希菌中广泛存在,辽宁地区大肠埃希菌中整合子主要携带编码对氨基糖苷类、磺胺类和氯霉素耐药基因盒。     

复方中药提取物在新城疫B_1株免疫中的免疫增强作用

用自制的中药提取物与新城疫Ｂ１株混合后免疫５５日龄鸡,以血凝抑制试验测定新城疫抗体效价。结果表明,５５日龄鸡的中药提取物最佳用量为１．０ｍＬ,试验组鸡ＮＤ抗体效价明显高于对照组。免疫后６０ｄ用Ｆ４８Ｅ８新城疫强毒进行攻击,试验组的保护率达到１００％,而对照组相对较低。     

Evaluation of a Bacillus stearothermophilus tube test as a screening tool for anticoccidial residues in poultry

A Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis C953 tube test was evaluated for its ability in detecting the residue of selected anticoccidial drugs in poultry, specically sulfamethazine, furazolidone, and amprolium. Various concentrations of each drug were injected into chicken liver and kidney tissues and these tissues were tested to determine the drug detection limits for each drug. The detection limit was defined as the drug concentration at which 95% of the test results were interpreted as positive. The limits of detection in liver tissue were 0.35 µg/ml for furazolidone, 0.70 µg/ml for sulfamethazine and 7.80 µg/ml for amprolium. In kidney tissues, they were 0.30 µg/ml for furazolidone, 0.54 µg/ml for sulfamethazine, and 7.6 µg/ml for amprolium. It was concluded that this tube test could be used to screen for the residue of these three drugs in poultry.     

Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus faecalis from Fur-bearing Animals

In order to obtain Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals and evaluate its prebiotic properties,in this study,Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the feces of healthy adult fur-bearing animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog),identified by morphological observation,biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The growth curve,acid production capacity and antibiotic sensitivity of the Enterococcus faecalis isolates were measured to evaluate their probiotic properties.Some strains were selected to determine their tolerance to temperature,artificial gastric juice and artificial bile salt.The results showed that five strains were Gram-positive,and their biochemical characteristics were basically consistent with the standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis,and they were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The five strains all entered the logarithmic phase at 2 h after culture,and entered the stable phase at 8-10 h,and had weak acid production capacity.The resistance rate of the isolates to tetracycline and levofloxacin was 100%,followed by penicillin (80%),erythromycin (80%),gentamicin (80%) and chloramphenicol (40%).All the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis from mink,fox and raccoon dog had strong tolerance to temperature below 60 ℃,artificial gastric juice with pH>3.0 and 0.3%-0.5% concentration of bile salt,but poor tolerance to temperature above 70 ℃,and artificial gastric juice with pH<3.0.In conclusion,five strains of Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog) were obtained in this study.The isolated strains propagated rapidly,which were suitable for colonization and played a prebiotic role in fur animals' intestines,and had good prebiotic characteristics and stress resistance.They could be used as candidate strains for animal microbiological agents for further study.     

一起穿山甲疫情的病原分析

为了查明一起人工养殖穿山甲疫情的致病原因,应用病毒PCR检测和细菌分离的方法对2只前后病死穿山甲进行病原学检测。病毒PCR检测结果显示,未能从肺组织中检测到流感病毒、副黏病毒和腺病毒核酸。细菌分离结果表明,从2只病死穿山甲肺中各分离到1株优势菌株。细菌的生化试验、16S rRNA基因的序列分析表明,2株分离菌株均为摩氏摩根菌。小鼠的致病试验和分离菌的药敏试验结果表明,2株分离菌对小鼠有很强的致病作用,对新霉素、壮观霉素、阿米卡星高度敏感。     

应用分子靶点药物治疗犬肥大细胞瘤的研究进展

犬肥大细胞瘤因其恶性率和转移率都较高,并且常规化疗药物副作用较强,患犬生存期和生存质量显著下降,因此急需新型的药物进行治疗。近几年,治疗肿瘤的分子靶点药物凭借其疗效好、副作用低的特点,受到越来越广泛的关注,特别是在治疗犬肥大细胞瘤的应用中效果显著。论文重点介绍了欧美小动物临床最常用的伊马替尼、托赛拉尼、马赛替尼这3种以异常KIT为靶点的药物及其药物作用机理及药效,最后介绍了由c-kit基因二次突变所导致的耐药问题及其预防措施,期望能对我国小动物临床医师和科研工作者有所启发。