双峰驼粪便中纤维素分解菌的筛选及酶学特性分析

旨在从双峰驼粪便中筛选能够分解纤维素的菌株,并对分离菌株进行鉴定和酶学特性分析。采用羧甲基纤维素平板法初筛和摇瓶发酵法复筛,从双峰驼粪便中分离筛选到1株能够降解纤维素的纤维素分解菌;采用形态学观察、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,初步鉴定该菌株为纤维化纤维微菌(Cellulosimicrobium cellulans)。根据该菌株的产酶特性评定其产酶能力;从其发酵产纤维素酶的适宜pH、温度、时间和接种量来评价该菌株的酶学特性。结果显示,该菌株最适酶反应条件为50℃,pH为6.0,且该菌株产生的纤维素酶具有较好的热稳定性。该菌株的最佳产酶条件为接种量10%,初始pH为7.0,培养温度为30℃,发酵时间为72 h。所筛选菌株产生的酶具有一定的耐碱性和耐热性,可应用于食品行业或废料处理等方面。     

内蒙古双峰驼乳及乳制品中乳杆菌的分离及其生物学特性的研究

本实验主要对11份双峰骆驼乳样品进行了乳酸杆菌的分离和生物学特性的研究。将分离到的16株革兰氏阳性、过氧化氢酶试验阴性杆菌，分别鉴定为Lactobacillus casei subsp.casei(5株）、Lactobacllus plantarum(4株）和Lactobacillus delbrueki subsp.lactis等同型发酵乳杆菌和2株异型发酵乳杆菌（AZ41－1和AZ44－1）。多数菌株为15℃生长良好，以中温性菌株占优势。脱脂乳中产酸量较低。     

张掖市骆驼产业发展优势及建议

骆驼养殖既是历史悠久古老产业,又是随着多元消费和草原旅游而兴起的现代的产业。张掖北部荒漠草原区群众发展骆业积极性高涨发展势头正旺,自然条件适宜,以驼毛、驼绒、驼奶、驼肉等为产品的养骆产业链正在形成。本文对张掖市骆驼产业发展优势和存在的问题进行了分析,提出了出符合本地实际情况发展的建议。     

The anatomy of the atrioventricular bundle in the heart of camels (Camelus dromedarius)

The anatomy and histology of the atrioventricular bundle (AVB) was studied in the heart of six camels (Camelus dromedarius). The trunk of the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) was a direct continuation of the atrioventricular (AV) node with no sharp line of demarcation between the node and the bundle. The atrioventricular bundle ran through the fibrous trigone and entered the lower part of the interventricular membranous septum, beneath the right endocardium, then lay over or slightly to the side of the centre of the muscular interventricular crest. The AVB of camels measured 4.12±1.00 mm in length, 3.66±1.13 mm in width and 1.13±1.85 mm in thickness, its maximum sectional area being 12.68±6.13 mm².Histologically, the AVB in the heart of camels comprised multiple strands of Purkinje cells separated by collagen fibres and surrounded by connective tissue. It resembled that in human beings and dogs except that, in camels, intercalated discs were present at the intercellular connections in the AVB.Abbreviations AVB trunk of the atrioventricular bundle - AV node atrioventricular node     

双峰驼肝脏弥漫性脂肪瘤的发现及其与微量元素关系的探讨

１９９１～１９９２年，在内蒙古阿拉善右旗和甘肃省民勤县双峰驼肝脏发现一种罕见的脂肪瘤。眼观，这种脂肪瘤呈大小不一的结节状，弥漫分布于整个肝脏。镜下，它由成熟的脂肪细胞和少量纤维结缔组织构成，其间夹杂变性、坏死的肝细胞。流行病学调查表明，该肿瘤主要发生于荒漠和半荒漠草原全年放牧的双峰驼，发病率高达２７．６％。病变肝组织的元素分析发现，Ｃｕ含量明显降低，且Ｆｅ与Ｃｕ含量呈强负直线相关（ｒ＝－０．７１０），表明该肿瘤的发生与低Ｃｕ有关，这种低铜可能是由于高Ｆｅ所引起的。     

双峰驼初乳IgG的分离纯化及其向幼驼的转移

通过跟踪检测内蒙古阿拉善双峰母驼初乳IgG和幼驼血清IgG的动态含量，探讨了影响幼驼由母体获得被动免疫的因素。采用硫酸铵沉淀法2次沉淀乳清蛋白，再结合离子交换层析方法，从双峰驼初乳中分离纯化驼IgG；再用SDS—PAGE鉴定其纯度，测定其分子质量；用分离纯化的驼IgG免疫家兔，制备效价至少为1：32的兔抗驼IgG抗血清，采用单向免疫扩散法测定双峰驼初乳和幼驼血清IgG含量。揭示了初乳IgG向幼驼血液的转移模式，为生产中更好地饲养幼驼提供科学依据。     

Studies on rickets and osteomalacia in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus)

Epidemiological studies have indicated incidences of 32.9% and 27.8% for rickets and osteomalacia, respectively, in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus), but there is an increased incidence under drought conditions, sometimes reaching 75%. We have found that concentrations of phosphorus and copper in forage and soil samples in a drought affected area were significantly lower than in a control area or normal reference values (P < 0.01) ; the mean Ca:P ratio in the forages was 50:1. The phosphorus content of blood and hair from affected camels was significantly less than that in controls (P < 0.01) and concentrations of copper in the liver and kidney were significantly lower in affected camels than control animals (P < 0.01); the concentrations of triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the serum from affected animals were significantly higher than those from healthy controls (P < 0.01); serum inorganic phosphorus and ceruloplasmin levels were lower than those in the controls (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); the concentrations of serum alpha-globulin and beta-globulin were significantly higher in the affected camels than in the healthy controls (P < 0.01). The pathological changes seen in camels affected with rickets included porous, brittle, light, osteoporotic bones that were susceptible to fractures and had less resistance to cutting and sawing. Wrist joints were enlarged with an apparent bowing of the long bones in forelimb and with typical broadening of the epiphyses. In adult female camels, many enlarged scars were often seen in ribs indicating earlier fractures. The disease could be cured with supplementary bone meal, phosphate or mineral mixtures and in field investigations clinical signs disappeared within 15 days. Over the same period, the concentrations of phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in blood returned to normal. The disease may be effectively prevented by use of mineral blocks (block salt licks) or dosing orally with copper, selenium and cobalt soluble glass boluses. We conclude that rickets and osteomalacia are mainly caused by phosphorus and copper deficiencies in the pasture.     

A Study on the Productivity and Diseases of Camels in Eastern Ethiopia

A study concerning performance traits of the Ethiopian camel indicated that, in the camel herds examined, there was one active bull camel for 25 females. The bull camel was 5 years old at puberty; it reached rutting vigour at the age of 9 years, the number of mountings per day was 8 during the breeding season, and the reproduction span was 10 years. The female camel reached puberty at 4 years of age; the age at first calving was 5 years, and the lactation period was one year; the calving interval was 2 years, the calving rate was 50%, and the reproduction span was 10–15 years. The survival rate of the newborn calves was 50%. The average milk yield was 2.5 L per day; the price of camel's milk was higher than that of cow's milk at US$0.5. Adult camels weighed around 500 kg; the dressing-out percentage was 52%. Mutton was preferred to camel meat, which came second in popularity, costing US$2/kg. Owing to their poor reproductive performance, camels are not efficient for producing meat. The camels worked for 16 h per day, covering 60 km. Animal health problems encountered were trypanosomosis, camel pox, camel pustular dermatitis, camel cephalopsis, dermatomycosis, mange mite, tick infestation and balantidiosis, most of which mainly affected the young animals.     

An Assessment of the Productivity for Meat and the Carcase Yield of Camels (Camelus dromedarius) and of the Consumption of Camel Meat in the Eastern Region of Ethiopia

A survey on camel meat productivity and consumption was conducted in Jijiga and Harar towns in 1999. Almost all the camels slaughtered were adults, predominantly males. Measurements of height, hump girth and thoracic girth were used to estimate the live weight. All the measurements were significantly greater in the male than in the female camels. Average live and carcass weights were 400 and 211 kg, respectively. Males were significantly heavier (p < 0.05) and had better dressing percentages than females. The carcasses contained averages of 76% meat, 12% fat and 20% bone for both males and females. The difference between the males and females was not significant for the ratio of meat and bones, except for fat, which was higher in the males. Camel meat is regarded as a high-quality food with medicinal value and as a least-cost source of meat. Camel meat is preferred to that of any other livestock by some people, particularly by the Somalis in Jijiga town. It is also more available, especially during the dry season when beef is in short supply. Hence, camel meat is a socially acceptable, economically viable and environmentally adaptable alternative source of meat, consumption of which should be encouraged.     

Vegetative Endocarditis Associated with Escherichia coli in a Dromedary Camel

Veterinary Research Communications -