红天麻箭麻发育进程中天麻素和多糖含量的变化规律研究

[目的]研究红天麻箭麻在不同发育阶段的天麻素和天麻多糖含量的相关性规律,确定其品质特征,为红天麻GAP质量控制提供科学依据。[方法]在川天麻主产区采集传统主流红天麻品系箭麻块茎样品,在原产地室内采用原位动态沙藏法贮藏箭麻;在采样后沙藏10、80、95、175和220 d分别采集天麻块茎样品,采用高效液相色谱法和苯酚-硫酸比色法分别测定天麻素含量和天麻多糖含量,并运用SPSS17.0版统计软件分析在红天麻箭麻不同发育阶段进程中天麻素和天麻多糖含量的相关性规律。[结果]川产红天麻箭麻块茎的天麻素和天麻多糖的平均含量分别为0.36%和8.17%;随着天麻沙藏休眠期-萌动期-抽茎开花-果实成熟至腐烂发育阶段进程增加,红天麻箭麻块茎的天麻素和天麻多糖含量下降,且呈极显著的负相关(P<0.001),其回归方程分别为:天麻素y1=-2E-08x3-1E-06x2-0.0001x+0.365(R2=0.996),天麻多糖y2=-5E-07x3-1E-06x2-0.008x+8.267(R2=0.996)。[结论]红天麻箭麻品质较优良,其块茎沙藏发育进程和品质下降密切相关,开花后空心和腐烂的红天麻块茎不宜作药用和制药原料。     

农村一体化生活污水处理设备评析与研究

农村生活污水污染问题现已成为一个不可忽视的问题,迫切需要解决。一体化污水处理设备具有投资低、能耗少、处理效率高、占地面积小、管理方便等一系列优势,适合在农村地区推广。针对农村生活污水的水质水量特征,介绍了一体化污水处理设备在农村地区推广的优越性,并分析对比了国内一体化污水处理设备常采用的主体工艺,为农村地区采用一体化生活污水处理设备提供了技术经济参考。     

面向过程挖掘的C4．5在营销决策支持系统中的应用

产品营销过程中,企业需从目标市场中判断高、中、低档产品,哪类更适合其市场需求,以此可使在复杂的市场环境下及时调整产品结构,适应市场需求变化。本文采用数据挖掘C4．5算法,将原有的硒数据经处理后,导入到数据仓库中形成结构化数据,采用过程挖掘的方法对挖掘结果进行分析和评估,充分发挥决策支持系统的辅助决策作用。     

Characteristics of the Light Response in Seedlings and Saplings of Two Mid-Successional Species,Ash and Kalopanax,During the Early Stage of Regeneration in a Mature Forest

Abstract

Growth characteristics of ash (Fraxinus mandshuricavar. japonicd)and kalopanax (Kalopanax pictus), two mid-succcs-sional species, were monitored in relation to seasonal light in a deciduous broadleaf forest. During the growing, relative light intensity of the gap was 4 to 6 times higher than that under the closed canopy. Seedlings could be found on the mixed hardwood forest floor where relative light intensity was around greater than 7% of full sunlight. When saplings gap openings which had relative light intensities above 20%, they quickly developed lateral branches and increased their foliage volume. The light-photosynthesis curve of seedlings of both species showed a curve typical of the “shade leaf” type even though they grew under sunlight. In contrast, saplings of both species showed the “sun leaf” type of light-photosynthesis curve. This seedling to sapling shift from shade to sun adaptation was also found in other foliage characteristics. This study shows that species can efficiently adjust their leaf and branch characteristics to changing light environments from shade to openings in a forest.     

金鱼类胡萝卜素提取工艺对提取效果的差异性

以红草金鱼(red Carassius auratus)为研究对象,探究不同提取工艺对其体内类胡萝卜素提取效果的差异性。研究分别通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定不同影响因素的最佳提取条件,结果表明提取样品为红草金鱼干样、提取料液比为1∶15、提取时间为90 min、提取次数为2次、V(乙醇)∶V(丙酮)=1∶2、提取温度为80℃,类胡萝卜素提取含量质量分数最高可达140.58 mg/kg。筛选最优提取工艺,为今后提取与测定金鱼体内类胡萝卜素含量及其各组分色素的研究提供重要的科学依据。     

天津市设施农业发展特点及机械化种植装备浅析

设施农业是现代农业正向发展的产物,它有着可以人为改变种植环境的独特性质,同时也可以打破季节限制,全年生产高附加值产品。近年来天津市设施农业产业发展迅速,针对设施农业种植过程中机械化的应用与需求情况,本团队用三年的时间建立了一种高效机械化种植模式,为农民增产增收提供了良好的解决方案。      

城市化过程对土壤资源影响研究进展

世界范围内的快速城市化过程对土壤资源的质与量都产生了深刻影响.作为一种不可再生性自然资源,土壤在我国快速城市化过程中的强烈人为活动影响下发生功能上的转化、弱化甚至消失.城市及其周边地区的土壤景观、各种土壤过程都明显异于传统的土壤质量演变规律.与农业生态系统相比,城市生态系统更加复杂,城市化过程中土壤演变研究的挑战性也更大.深入开展城市化过程中土壤质、量响应及其生态环境效应的系统研究意义重大.     

Soil degradation and soil surface process intensities on abandoned fields in Mediterranean mountain environments

The Pyrenean and Pre‐Pyrenean mountain areas have been intensively used at least since roman times, but nowadays depopulation has lead to widespread land abandonment without a steering land‐management. Vegetation recovery is weak in most abandoned fields. Soil formation and characteristics are conditioned by this fact, and for this, soils show past degradation processes and are mostly predominant factors for continuing land degradation or restoration. Three study areas were set up along a climatic gradient with increasing summer water deficit in the sub‐humid zone between the Central Pyrenees and Pre‐Pyrenees. Soil survey combined with experiments for the determination of infiltration, runoff and erosion were applied for understanding the degradation history and the future development of the soils. All areas are dominated by Entisols, but also Inceptisols and Alfisols are found, and even soils with hydromorphic features. The soils show signs of heavy erosion. The parental material determines the nutrient supply and the general chemical properties. All sites show a weak water storing capacity, as a result of the removal of fine material by erosion and due to the depletion of soil organic matter. In addition, infiltration capacity and runoff generation are high within the studied areas, averaging between 27 and 37 per cent. The driest area studied shows an ongoing trend to degradation, with high erosion rates combined with a high degradations status of the soil. The other areas are characterised by a patchy pattern of soil degradation and regradation processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

江西金盆山林区米槠生长过程与幼林生长效应

进行样地调查与树干解析,以研究米槠生长过程。采用米槠容器苗和裸根苗造林,比较造林保存率、胸径、树高、冠幅、变异系数等指标,以了解两种苗木的幼林生长效应,并比较天然林与人工林米槠的早期生长。研究表明,米槠在10-20 a,树高、胸径生长较快;14-30 a,材积生长较快;树龄33 a时,尚未达到数量成熟阶段。米槠容器苗造林的保存率、胸径、树高值均大于裸根苗,其中保存率比裸根苗高9.5%,胸径值大11.3%,树高值大4.6%。比较人工林和天然林的早期生长,人工林树高和胸径值均大于天然林。米槠容器苗造林,可以促进米槠生长,取得较好的造林效果。