Haemoabdomen and colitis following a colon displacement in a 9‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare

This report describes acute haemoabdomen following phenylephrine administration in a case treated for left dorsal displacement of the large colon. The horse also subsequently developed a severe colitis which was treated with aggressive medical therapy.     

小兴安岭杨桦林下红松种群天然更新的格局与过程

通过详实的外业调查和细致的内业分析,揭示了天然杨桦林下红松种群天然更新的格局与过程。结果表明:山地杨桦林和山地白桦林下红松更新的数量和质量均优于谷地苔草白桦林,质量高于原始阔叶红松林;红松种群呈聚团状发生,其大发生时期晚于杨桦种群大发生时期;各龄红松的生长受不同林分结构因子的制约;人为透光抚育可以加快红松种群的更新进程,提高红松更新质量;建立上层白桦较下层红松大适宜年龄的更新复合体是可行的。     

人工林对土壤地力的影响过程及其调控研究进展

土壤是支撑人工林健康生长的基础资源,是营养物质转化和生物多样性保护的主要场所。目前,我国人工林经营中土壤地力衰退问题突出,是制约我国林业生产可持续经营、增大生态安全屏障脆弱性的重要因素。因此,有必要深入认识和理解人工林对土壤地力的影响过程,同时开发保障人工林健康和初级生产力的关键调控技术。本文从土壤物理化学环境、土壤生物群落特性及功能等方面,系统论述了人工林土壤地力的维持机制,重点探讨了林龄结构、林分密度、树种类型等影响人工林地力的地下生态学过程。未来需要关注环境变化下人工林土壤理化性质与生物学性质的耦合机制。现阶段大面积人工林土壤病原菌积累特征不清,土壤病害影响人工林健康的障碍机理也亟待揭示。因此,今后需进一步量化林木健康、土壤生物以及环境之间的互作关系模型,形成从造林配置、过程经营、症状诊断及土壤地力调控等全方位的人工林健康定向调控体系,保障人工林可持续、多目标经营。     

Assessing the variability of hydrographic processes influencing the life cycle of the Sicilian Channel anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, by satellite imagery

Three oceanographic surveys carried out in the Sicilian Channel during the spawning season (June to July) of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) showed a close relationship between anchovy reproductive strategy and important hydrographic structures. A time series of satellite‐derived sea surface temperature images of the Sicilian Channel were analysed by means of empirical orthogonal functions and the dominant empirical modes were studied in detail. The first empirical mode captured much of the original variance and reproduced the trajectory of the Atlantic Ionian Stream (AIS), the principal hydrodynamic feature of the area. The time coefficients of modes 1 and 2 had seasonal signals which, when combined, accounted for the enhancement of the thermal front, clearly visible off Cape Passero (southernmost coast of Sicily) during summer. As the area constituted the principal nursery ground of the Sicilian Channel anchovy, the combination of the time coefficients of these modes was considered a potential indicator of the food particle concentration usually associated with oceanic fronts, which provided the energy requirements for larval growth. Mode 3 described the north/south displacements of the mean AIS trajectory, which modified the surface temperature regime of the anchovy spawning habitat. Therefore, the time coefficients of this mode were used as a potential indicator of anchovy spawning habitat variability. The capability of time coefficients of modes 2 and 3 to modify the main pattern depicted by mode 1 were tested successfully against in situ oceanographic observations.     

EFFECTS OF PELVIC POSITIONING AND SIMULATED DORSAL ACETABULAR RIM REMODELING ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC SHAPE OF THE DORSAL ACETABULAR EDGE

A radiographic study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pelvic rotation and of simulated dorsal acetabular rim (DAR) remodeling on the radiographic appearance of the dorsal acetabular edge (DAE). The DAE is the line connecting the cranial and caudal rims of the acetabulum when viewing a pelvic radiograph made with the dog in the ventrodorsal position with the hind limbs extended. In this study, it was hypothesized that the DAE would change with pelvic rotation and simulated DAR damage. Ventrodorsal radiographs of eight canine pelves were made at 0 degrees, 5 degrees, and 10 degrees of left and right pelvic rotation over its longitudinal axis. These radiographs were repeated following removal of 2, 4, and then 6 mm of bone from the right DAR of each pelvis. The ratio of acetabular width to maximum depth of the DAE was calculated. The area between the DAE and a straight line connecting the cranial and caudal acetabular rims was measured digitally. The DAE depth and area changed with pelvic rotation, and with increasing simulated DAR damage. A linear relationship between the obturator foramina width ratio and pelvic rotation allowed estimation of the degree and direction of pelvic rotation. Equations were developed from the data to assist with the estimation of the amount of DAR remodeling on a clinical radiograph.     

Recent Advance on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Utilizes Self-proteins to Evade Innate Immunity Response of Host

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, hot, and highly contagious infectious disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection of cloven-hoofed animals. FMDV has seven serotypes and it spreads rapidly, which seriously affects the development of animal husbandry. FMDV is the prototype member of the Aphthovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family, and its genome encodes 4 structural proteins and 10 non-structural proteins. After infecting the host, FMDV uses its proteins to affect the host innate immune response through a variety of pathways and methods, which is beneficial to the microenvironment of FMDV replication. These strategies include FMDV involvement in autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and stress granule formation of cellular processes, subverting the functions of various host proteins, such as hijacking, cleaving host proteins or interfering with the expression of host proteins, removing ubiquitin from host proteins, and inhibiting the phosphorylation of host proteins, which are also the focus of current research. Based on the existing research results, we summarized the research progress of FMDV protein in suppressing the innate immunity of host in recent years, intending to provide a reference for the research and prevention of FMDV.     

Fire-driven dynamic mosaics in the Great Victoria Desert,Australia – II. A spatial and temporal landscape model

An explicitly spatial, large scale, high resolution model of fire driven landscape dynamics in the Great Victoria Desert is constructed and parameterized to simulate frequency distributions of fire size and shape obtained from previous analyses of satellite chronosequences. We conclude that probabilities of fire spread cannot be constant over time, and that realistic distributions of fire size and plausible rates of fire spread can be obtained by assuming that fire spread is conditional on observed durations of windy conditions. Landscapes subject to this form of disturbance show large scale correlation structure many times greater than the average dimensions of single fires, and exhibit low frequency quasi-periodic stochastically driven oscillations in proportions of the landscape at different successional states over spatial scales exceeding 100,000 km². Average fire return intervals are 30 yrs. Analysis of patch structure suggests that this landscape is composed of few large younger patches, embedded in a mature sea of surrounding habitat. Intermediate and late successional habitat must exist in more abundant patches somewhat smaller than young habitat. Numerous small patches of mature habitat are likely to be scattered throughout this younger habitat. The model predicts that fire size frequency distributions are relatively insensitive to changes of as much as ±50% of observed fire ignition frequency.     

土壤侵蚀作用是雏形土和新成土广泛分布的成因研究

为研究土壤侵蚀对土壤类型及其分布的影响,以华北地区京、津、冀、晋四省市的418个土系的典型土壤剖面为研究对象,统计处于不同地形部位的诊断表层类型、诊断表下层类型和土纲类型的数量,并分析不同地形坡度和侵蚀程度对其分布的影响.结果表明:1)诊断表层以淡薄表层为主要类型,所占比例82.06％,主要分布在海拔低的山地中、上坡,...     

9种崂山野生观赏花卉引种筛选研究

[目的]围绕野生花卉的园林观赏性以及繁殖难易程度两个方面,进行9种崂山野生观赏花卉的引种繁殖试验与生长发育特性研究。[方法]9种野生观赏花卉分别为山东万寿竹（DisporumsmilacinumA．Gray）、长药八宝[Hylotelephiumspectabile（Bor．）H．Ohba]、费菜（SedumaizoonL．）、红蓼（PolygonumorientaleL．）、鹤草（SilenefortuneiVis．）、瞿麦（DianthussuperbusL．）、黄堇[Corydalispallida（Thunb．）Pers]、白英（SolanumlyratumThunb．）、栝楼（TrichosantheskirilowiiMaxim．）。[结果]引种花卉在栽植环境中生长发育良好,能够表现出各自的优良观赏性状,全年绿期在240d以上,花、果的最佳观赏期长于30d,繁殖成活率均高于80％,除山东万寿竹受种源稀缺限制外,其他花卉均能够在短期内大量生产。最后,结合城市景观营造和每种花卉的观赏特性,对这些野生花卉的生产利用提出了建议。[结论]9种花卉除了可以作为育种资源,也可以直接应用到城市绿地中作为景观要素,丰富城市绿地的物种指数,对其开发利用具有重要的指导意义。