百香果品种‘紫香1号’果实糖、酸和维生素成分分析

为深入了解‘紫香1号’百香果成熟果实中的可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素组分及含量,采用高效液相色谱法测定各组分的含量。结果表明:‘紫香1号’百香果中的可溶性糖主要为葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖,各糖分之间差异显著,其中蔗糖含量最高,达38.52mg/g,属蔗糖积累型;有机酸包括苹果酸、丙二酸、乳酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸,各有机酸之间差异显著,以柠檬酸含量最高,达0.995 mg/g,属柠檬酸优势型;维生素包括维生素A、维生素B1、维生素C和维生素E,各种维生素之间差异达显著水平,其中维生素E含量最高,为430.61 mg/kg。可见,‘紫香1号’百香果含有丰富的可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素,具有较高的甜度和酸度值,故果实成熟时鲜食口感酸甜,风味浓郁。     

“互联网+”视域下农业众筹风险防范机制构建研究

农业众筹作为依托于互联网金融的新型融资工具,是一种新型的服务三农的融资模式,有助于推进农业供给侧结构性改革,为农村经济发展注入新活力。传统的风险防范机制已经不能适应农业众筹在模式、监管等方面发生的变化,为弥补传统农业众筹风险防范的局限,在分析农业众筹运作模式、风险来源的基础上,构建了农业众筹风险防范机制,并在此基础上提出了合理的风险防范措施,以提高农业众筹风险防范的实时化、智能化水平。     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

基于智能算法优化SVM的横向通风过程中温度场预测方法探究

将改进的智能预测技术应用于储粮横向通风过程中的粮堆温度预测,为粮食通风智能预测与决策提供了一种新思路。选取河北清苑国家粮食储备库冬季横向通风的实时监测数据,在分析主要影响因素的基础上,应用三种智能优化算法——网格寻优算法、GA遗传算法寻优、PSO粒子群算法,结合回归支持向量机理论,对粮堆的通风过程进行建模。结果表明,优化过的回归预测模型能较好地拟合粮食温度与其他变量之间的非线性关系,尤其是当样本数量较为有限时,该方法具有更高的拟合精度,更适合对储粮通风这一强非线性过程的预测研究,对于人工干预操作具有一定的现实指导意义。     

基于"节水增粮行动"取用水合理性分析及补偿措施建议

通过对凌海市节水增粮建设规模、取用水方案及取水合理性分析,其水资源开发利用通过采取管灌、膜下滴灌等工程,可以提高项目区水土资源利用效率,从而达到合理开发利用水资源的目的.本文并对取水的影响与补偿措施提出合理化建议.该项目的实施有利于提高农业综合生产力,保障粮食增产增收.     

Screening of Ethiopian sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) landraces for their performance under Striga hermonthica ‐infested conditions

Striga hermonthica is a major constraint to sorghum production and productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa, Ethiopia, in particular. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of 49 sorghum genotypes based on their reaction to S. hermonthica and investigate the relationships among yield and Striga resistance traits, including the Striga emergence count, area under Striga number progress curve, area under Striga severity progress curve, grain yield under infested, grain yield under non‐infested conditions and relative yield loss. The genotypes differed significantly in all measured parameters under Striga‐infested and non‐infested conditions. The genotypes ‘Birhan’, ‘Gubiye’, Wolegie, Zegerie, Nechmashila I, Woftel, Tetron and Eyssa were identified as promising ones based on grain yield and Striga‐related traits. On the other hand, the genotypes Jamyo, Bobie, Gedido, Mankebar and Zengada had moderate Striga numbers with low relative yield loss as compared with susceptible checks. The most promising variety, Zegerie, Mankebar and Zengada, out yielded the standard resistant checks ‘Birhan’ and ‘Gubiye’ under Striga infestation. Ward cluster analysis grouped the 49 sorghum genotypes in to four distinct clusters under Striga‐infested conditions. All members of clusters II and III showed the highest yielding group with the lowest to moderate Striga number, while cluster IV supported the lowest yield with the highest Striga number. Significant negative correlations were observed between yield‐ and Striga‐related traits. Highly significant and strong correlations were observed among Striga resistance indices, indicating that any of the Striga resistance parameters can be used as an indicator of resistance. The wide variations in grain yield among genotypes under Striga‐infested conditions would be invaluable genetic resources for production in Striga endemic areas of Ethiopia.     

江汉平原中山杉引种造林试验研究

通过在江汉平原开展中山杉6个品系的引种造林试验。结果表明,引进的6个品系中山杉无严重病虫害发生,各生长指标均大于池杉,11 a生中山杉平均胸径为17.61 cm、树高为11.06 m、材积为0.1297 m^3,表明中山杉在江汉平原的引种试验基本成功,其中中山杉502和中山杉118最为突出,适合在江汉平原推广造林,丰富江汉平原造林树种。     

利用分子选择培育水稻‘吉粳88’(hd2/hd4)导入系

旨在将水稻早抽穗基因hd2和hd4导入优良品种‘吉粳88’,培育可在黑龙江省北部种植的水稻‘吉粳88’(hd2/hd4)导入系。以‘吉粳88’为受体,‘空育131’为供体,利用分子选择及回交转育创制‘吉粳88’(hd2/hd4)导入系,在寒区第三积温区田间鉴定导入系的生育期、农艺性状及产量。‘吉粳88’和‘空育131’杂交‘、吉粳88’作为轮回亲本回交4次、回交后代自交2次,每个世代利用Hd2-Caps和Hd4-Caps进行前景选择,利用SSR标记进行背景选择,获得了‘吉粳88’(hd2/hd4)导入系-1和‘吉粳88’(hd2/hd4)导入系-2,两个导入系抽穗期和‘空育131’类似,株型特征和‘吉粳88’类似,丰产性明显高于‘空育131’。‘吉粳88’(hd2/hd4)导入系培育成功,并且具有应用于黑龙江省第三积温区及第二积温区下限的可能。     

基于HACCP的粮食质量安全网络监测平台研究

保证粮食质量安全对我国食品安全具有举足轻重的意义,为实现全程质量监控,确保粮食在各个环节的质量安全,需加强对粮食质量安全领域的监管力度,建立粮食质量安全保障体系,构建一个基于HACCP的粮食质量安全网络监测平台,实现粮食质量安全各个环节的透明化和信息化。