Phytomass estimation using eMODIS NDVI and ground data in arid rangelands of Morocco

The assessment of rangeland productivity in semi-extensively grazed arid rangelands is a prerequisite for livestock management in relation to sustainable use of pastoral resources. The objective of this study was to assess rangeland productivity based on normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) images. Data on phytomass were measured on 61 field samples in arid rangelands of Morocco, covering various rangeland categories during autumn (November) and spring (April), i.e. when phytomass is at low and high levels, respectively, for two consecutive years (2008 and 2009). Dekadal EROS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (eMODIS) NDVI data were linearly regressed to field measurements for these four periods. Results show that phytomass values were correlated with NDVI during spring, with R² and RMSE values of 0.82 and 0.3 t ha^?1, respectively. This study indicates there is a high potential for operational use of remotely sensed data to estimate rangeland phytomass of semi-extensively grazed rangelands.     

诱导多能干细胞技术在猪转基因研究中的应用前景

长期以来,猪都是科学研究中重要的生物模型,转基因猪在生物模型、器官移植和动物良种繁育等方面有着极其重要的研究及应用价值,而现在的转基因克隆猪的成功率及成活率都普遍偏低。诱导多能干细胞技术在再生医学和畜牧业等领域有着广泛而诱人的应用前景,但目前还较少被应用于转基因猪的研究中。作者对转基因技术和诱导多能干细胞技术的发展历程,特别是诱导多能干细胞技术在猪转基因研究中的应用进行简述,以期为开展相关研究的科研人员提供一定的参考。     

HJ-1CCD与Landsat-8OLI在呼伦贝尔草原区FPAR反演中的比较分析

光合有效辐射吸收比率(Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation,FPAR)是主要的植物生理参数之一。本研究根据地面实测数据和由HJ-1CCD(Charge-coupled Device,CCD)及Landsat-8OLI(Operational Land Imager,OLI)影像提取的NDVI,分别建立研究区FPAR估算模型,对比分析和评价了CCD和OLI数据在反演研究区FPAR的精度。结果表明,基于CCD和OLI数据计算的NDVI与实测FPAR之间均呈现良好的正相关关系;针对每个基本采样单元(Elementary Sampling Units,ESU),两种数据反演的FPAR具有显著的一致性,且反演值相差甚少;剔除影像中受到云和云影影响的区域,整个研究区利用CCD与OLI数据反演的FPAR相关性好、分布趋势一致,且反演值均值差很小。本研究结果对该区域FPAR的进一步研究具有借鉴和指导意义,在以后的研究中可以尝试使用HJ-1CCD数据。     

塞北兔生长发育及生长曲线的拟合

采用Logistic非线性动物生长模型拟合塞北兔初生到6月龄的平均体重,进行生长曲线分析．结果表明：①根据Logistic生长曲线方程原理,确定了塞北兔生长曲线方程参数a=24．2593,b=0．9297,并对方程进行了拟合,建立了塞北兔生长曲线方程y^^=6596．5589／（1＋24．259 3e^-0.9297x）（P〈0．05）;②Logistic方程能很好的拟合塞北兔的生长过程,拟合度均在0．95以上,生长的拐点时间为3．43月龄,拐点体重为3298．28g,极限体重参数6596．5589g。     

隐孢子虫感染动物模型研究进展

隐孢子虫病可致人和多种动物的腹泻等症状,是一种人兽共患原虫病,给人类生命安全带来严重威胁,也给畜牧业带来巨大的损失。建立隐孢子虫的感染动物模型对研究隐孢子虫致病机理、免疫及筛选有效的治疗药物等均具有重要意义。文章就隐孢子虫卵囊的分离与纯化、试验用动物的选择、动物模型的建立方法及影响因素等研究做一综述,介绍了隐孢子虫感染动物模型的研究现状,并对该技术的发展前景进行了分析展望。     

动物肥厚性心肌病--人类疾病理想模型

动物肥厚性心肌病的临床所见、心脏超声波图、肉眼组织病理、冠状小动脉变化、胶原纤维组织变化等 ,与人类肥厚性心肌病非常相似 ;遗传学分析 ,人类及猫肥厚性心肌病均为家族性常染色体显性遗传类型。动物肥厚性心肌病可为理想模型来研究人类疾病 ,而且动物肥厚性心肌病小冠状动脉病变与人类冠状动脉粥样化血管切除或皮下血管内腔扩张术后小冠状动脉再阻塞相同 ,可为人类疾病之模型。尤其猪心脏血行、生理及形态均与人类心脏相似 ,故猪肥厚性心肌病实为人类肥厚性心肌病研究之理想动物模型。     

Obituaries

Uittreksel

Die groeifunksies benodig vir die simulasie van produksie van ‘n Themeda triandra‐grasveld met behulp van die PUTU 11 simulasiemodel is ontwikkel. Vir die ontwikkeling van die model is die veldproduksiedata van die 1980/81 groeiseisoen gebruik waarna dit suksesvol, vir drie groeiseisoene met uiteenlopende klimaatstoestande, getoets is. In die model is koolhidraatverdeling tussen verskillende plantdele gesimuleer deur van verskillende funksies vir elke groeistadium gebruik te maak. Die hipotese is gestel dat die verskillende plantdele na ‘ n gewenste massaverhouding tot die totale plantmassa streef deur die translokasie van koolhidrate. ‘n Beperkte maksimum tempo van translokasie in en uit plantdele is gestel. Die werklike translokasietempo verander sigmoidaal met die relatiewe massaverhoudingafwyking.     

《饲料质量分析与品质检测》课程实验考核模式改革与实践

针对《饲料质量分析与品质检测》课程实验长期以来考核方式存在的弊端,尝试通过教学改革建立一套能够有效反映学生学习成绩的科学合理、公平公正的实验课考核模式。实践表明,学生从思想上转变了对实验课的认识．极大地提高了学生的积极性、主动性及分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

Establishment of an in vitro culture model to study milk production and the blood–milk barrier with bovine mammary epithelial cells

This study attempted to establish a culture model to recreate the milk production pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). BMECs were isolated from Holstein cows (nonlactating, nonpregnant, and parous) and were stored by cryopreservation. To separate the apical and basolateral compartments, BMECs were cultured on a cell culture insert with a collagen gel in the presence of bovine pituitary extract and dexamethasone to induce milk production and tight junction (TJ) formation. The culture model showed the secretion of the major milk components, such as β‐casein, lactose, and triglyceride, and formed less‐permeable TJs in BMECs. Moreover, the TJs were distinctly separated from the apical and basolateral membranes. Glucose transporter‐1, which transports glucose into the cytoplasm through the basolateral membrane, localized in the lateral membrane of BMECs. Toll‐like receptor‐4, which binds to lipopolysaccharide in the alveolar lumen in mastitis, localized in the apical membrane. Beta‐casein was mainly localized near the Golgi apparatus and the apical membrane. Moreover, milk components were almost secreted into the upper chamber of the cell culture insert. These findings indicate that this model has clear cell polarity as well as in vivo and is effective to study of milk production and the blood–milk barrier in lactating BMECs.     

地中海奶水牛乳房形态结构与泌乳性能的关联分析

本研究通过分析不同胎次乳房性状之间的相关性以及乳房性状与泌乳性能之间的相关性,建立地中海奶水牛乳房线性性状的入选主成分评估模型,为培育具有优良乳房性状的高产奶水牛提供参考。收集意大利牧场123头地中海水牛共1 107条生产记录信息,利用SAS 9.2 CORR过程进行相关性分析,运用PRINCOMP过程建立入选主成分评估模型。结果表明,1~4胎时,270 d泌乳量随着胎次的增加而增加;在1~2胎时,前乳头长与后乳头长呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）;3胎及3胎以上时,前乳头长与后乳头长呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;1~4胎时,乳区面积与前乳头距、前后乳头距、后乳头距呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,且前乳头距与后乳头距呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）;在≥ 4胎时,前后乳头距与泌乳量、乳蛋白量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,并与乳脂量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,同时乳区面积与泌乳性能呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;在第1~2、4胎及以上时,泌乳量、乳蛋白量和乳脂量之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,且在第3胎时泌乳性能之间呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。入选主成分评估模型为：Y=0.2631x1+0.1186x2+0.0862x3+0.0796x4+0.1039x5+0.0042x6-6.9689,式中,x1,前乳头长;x2,后乳头长;x3,前乳头距;x4,前后乳头距;x5,后乳头距;x6,乳区面积。本研究进一步阐明了地中海奶水牛不同胎次乳房性状之间存在相关性,而乳房性状与泌乳性能之间的相关性受胎次的影响。