我国沿海渔业碳生产率的区域差异及影响因素

针对提高渔业碳生产率的问题,测算1978—2011年我国沿海11个省市的渔业碳生产率,利用省际面板数据对其影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明:我国渔业碳生产率整体在逐年提高,但各省市间的渔业碳生产率水平差异较大。天津、江苏和山东的渔业碳生产率排名前3位,广西、海南和浙江排在最后;从海域视角看,呈现出由渤海、黄海和东海到南海渔业碳生产率逐渐降低的趋势。对我国沿海渔业碳生产率水平有显著正向影响效应的因素主要有渔业发展水平(0.023)、产业结构(0.438)、对外开放度(0.044)和技术进步(0.760)。从低碳渔业经济模范市、渔业科技进步和渔业外贸3个方面提出了提高我国沿海渔业碳生产率的政策建议。     

采摘期成熟棉花不同部位颜色识别分析

为正确识别自然环境中处于采摘期的成熟棉花,确定其在三维空间中的准确位置,从而为机械手运动提供参数完成棉桃的自动采摘,研究了基于色差信息的棉花识别方法。对200幅自然环境下拍摄的图像在不同的颜色模型下,分析了棉花不同部分颜色的特征,利用成熟期棉桃表面颜色特征与棉叶、棉枝颜色特征的差异,建立了利用色差信息进行识别的视觉模型,将成熟棉桃从背景中识别出来。试验结果表明,该方法具有对棉花进行识别的良好性能,而且不需要模型转化,提高了识别效率。     

后现代西方伦理学的发展主题

后现代西方伦理学内部存在异常复杂的思想和理论争鸣，但它也有能够反映不同后现代西方伦理思潮之共同志趣的发展主题。试图重建资本主义道德价值体系的理论基础、重构“自我”与“他者”之间的道德关系、拓展人类道德关怀的领域和范围、寻求化解道德分歧的伦理路径、塑造后现代道德文化精神等不仅反映了不同后现代西方伦理思潮在对待西方伦理学传统、关注现实道德问题、追求伦理学理论创新等方面所表现出的相同或相近倾向，而且反映了所有后现代西方伦理思潮共有的发展主题。     

论国际商务活动中跨文化冲突与问题的来源及解决方法

文化差异在国际商务中是一项极其重要而又复杂的变量。特别是随着经济全球化进程的加速，不同文化背景人们的跨国往来与日俱增。本文的研究目的是使得跨文化的国际交流和国际商务活动更加有效。因此，文章从具体案例出发，研究了各国间的文化差异和工作态度的文化差异和商务交际中的文化差异，从理论与实践的角度对国际商务中的文化差异的进行了阐述。     

Changes in estrogen receptor expression in the chick thymus during late embryonic development

In chickens, although estrogen receptors (ER) are reported to be associated with the immunological processes, detailed information about the differences in ER expression in the tissues related to the development of lymphocytes is not fully known, especially during the developmental stage. To learn more about this immunological relationship, we used semi‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction method to detect the ER expression levels in the thymus tissues of chicks during the developmental stage. Furthermore, ER‐expressing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results of this study show that the expression level of ER increased on embryonic day 16 and decreased on day 20. Furthermore, ER expression was significantly higher in male than in female chickens at day 16. The increased expression on day 16 and decreased level on day 20 were also reproduced in the incidence of immunoreactive cells, although there was a 1‐day delay in the elevated incidence of the cells. This study revealed the changes in ER expression and the incidence of ER‐positive cells in the thymus of chickens during the developmental stage.     

Female-biased mortality rate and sexual size dimorphism of migratory masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Abstract –  We examined whether mortality and growth during the migration phase (the lacustrine phase after smolting) differ between sexes in migratory (lake-run) masu salmon ( Oncorhynchus masou ) in a lacustrine population, northern Hokkaido, Japan. The sex ratio of 1+ smolts was more skewed to females than that of the returning adults in three annual cohorts examined, indicating that females have a higher mortality rate during the migration phase. Although there was no difference in smolt length between sexes, female adults were larger in body length than males of the same age: female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD) occurs. We suppose that breeding selection favouring a larger body size for females than for males in this population probably requires that females undertake more intensive foraging behaviour with its greater inherent risks but faster growth rates during the migration phase. It therefore seems to be likely that the selection is the ultimate cause of the female-biased mortality rate and SSD.     

Utilization of dietary starch and glucose tolerance in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of different strains in seawater

Juvenile chinook salmon of three strains responded to inclusion of 28.7% of gelatinized starch in the diet with different degrees of reduction in growth rate and feed efficiency relative to control fish of the respective strains fed a low-starch, high-lipid diet of similar protein (46%) and estimated metabolizable energy content (16 mJ/kg). The productive protein value of the diet was not reduced to the same extent by the high intake of starch. Carcasses of fish fed the high-starch diet contained higher concentrations of protein and lower concentrations of lipid than control fish. The accumulation of liver glycogen in response to the high-starch diet differed among strains. Glucose tolerance curves also varied among strains but were poorly correlated with plasma concentrations of insulin. Tolerance to glucose loading was improved in fish previously fed the high-starch diet.     

木耳属菌株 ITS 序列作为 DNA 条形码的可行性1）

以木耳属22个菌株为供试材料,研究了rDNA-ITS序列作为木耳属条形码的可行性。结果表明：ITS序列作为木耳属条形码的有效长度为420 bp左右,片段长度大小适宜,扩增与测序成功率均为100％。种内ITS序列差异度为0．5％～2．5％,种间序列差异度为4．8％～10．8％,种间序列差异显著高于种内序列差异。在此基础上,以黑耳属为外群构建系统树,结果表明ITS序列可以区分木耳属不同的种。综上所述,ITS序列作为木耳属的DNA条形码是可行的。     

蓝果忍冬成熟期结合力变化规律的测试分析

为了弄清成熟蓝果忍冬结合力的特性和变化规律、给机械化收获提供技术依据,在蓝果忍冬成熟期间对4个常见品种果实结合力进行了为期16天的跟踪测试。通过分析研究得出:所测试的4个蓝果忍冬品种的结合力分布在0.1~1.7 N之间(P0.05),各品种结合力分布区间略有不同,所测试的野生阿尔泰忍冬、蓓蕾的结合力高于蓝鸟和长白山野生蓝靛果忍冬;各品种结合力随时间呈现出不同程度的下降趋势;同一天内下午的结合力显著大于上午的结合力(P0.05);晴天与阴雨天的结合力无显著性差异。通过因子分析,可将影响结合力的因素测试时间、上下午、相对湿度、温度及天气状况转换成环境因子和时间因子。     

通道效应与学习者的个体差异性对多媒体学习效果的实验研究

在以往研究的基础上,通过教学实验来考察多媒体计算机教学环境下,不同呈现方式的视频教学录像片的学习者的个体差异性(只把学习者按照其医学知识经验水平的高低进行划分),以及通道效应是否显著。