中文译著的CNMARC著录问题

根据中文译著的特点．举例阐述了中文译著在一些字段中的著录问题。     

变频调速灯泡贯流泵性能与控制方式

变频调速作为灯泡贯流泵的一种工况调节方式已经运用于南水北调东线工程的多座泵站.为了研究变速工况下的灯泡贯流泵水力性能和控制模式,指导泵站优化运行和推广应用,针对淮阴三站和泗洪泵站这2种典型型式的机组,分析和研究了其变频变速性能及不同转速的模型试验结果,并根据有、无旁路的电气主接线2种方式,研究在考虑变频装置和电动机在不同转速下效率发生变化时不同扬程段的运行控制方式.结果表明:变频调速的灯泡贯流泵性能受到水泵叶轮性能和流道性能两方面的制约,在一定变速范围内可以采用效率不变的相似定律进行预测;在确定灯泡贯流泵机组运行性能时必须考虑变频装置的损耗,同时应分析随着频率改变引起的变频装置及电动机效率变化;以泗洪站为例,综合考虑机电设备损耗后发现,在(40%～80%)供水设计扬程范围内可以切除变频装置,直接工频运行效率更高.     

桂林稻作区水稻控释肥适宜用量研究

通过早、晚造田间试验,在桂林稻作区开展了水稻控释肥应用研究。结果表明,每公顷水稻控释肥用量早稻以636 kg为宜,稻谷产量比控释肥561、711 kg处理及常规施肥处理分别提高18.7%、15.1%和9.5%;晚稻则以773 kg为宜,稻谷产量比控释肥698、848 kg处理和常规施肥处理分别提高14.8%、7.5%和8.9%。     

定安县稻作区水稻控释肥合理施用研究

通过田间试验,在海南定安县稻作区对水稻控释肥的适宜用量和施用方法进行优化研究。结果表明,一次性施用控释肥与当地常规分次施肥相比,可提高水稻株高、有效穗数、穗长、每穗粒数、千粒重,降低秕粒率,改善经济性状;每667 m2一次基施控释肥40 kg即可满足水稻本田期的营养需求,比常规分次施肥增产8.8%～12.6%,增收66.2～85.6元。     

Development of specific PCR primers for identification and detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora capsici</Emphasis> Leon

A PCR-based method was developed for the identification and detection of Phytophthora capsici in pepper plants. Three PCR primers (CAPFW, CAPRV1 and CAPRV2) specific for P. capsiciwere designed based on the sequence of its internal transcribed spacer regions. CAPFW/CAPRV1 amplify a 452 bp product from P. capsici DNA whereas CAPFW/CAPRV2 a 595 bp fragment; neither set amplifies DNA from pepper or several fungi pathogenic to pepper. In conventional (single-round) PCR, the limit of detection was 5 pg DNA for both primer sets, whereas in nested PCR the detection limit for both was of 0.5 fg. However, when the dilution series of target DNA were spiked with plant DNA, amplification declined two-fold in both conventional and nested PCR. The CAPFW/CAPRV2 set in conventional PCR was used to detect P. capsici DNA in inoculated plants. Detection occurred as soon as 8h post-inoculation in stem samples from infected but still symptomless plants. The method was also tested to detect fungal DNA in infected soils.     

小贯小绿叶蝉与其主要天敌空间关系研究方法的比较

天敌与目标害虫空间关系密切与否,直接关系到天敌对目标害虫的控制利用。为了选择较为理想的天敌与害虫之间空间关系的研究方法,本文用地统计学法、模糊相似优先比法,扩散系数法、空间生态位重叠指数法和聚块样方方差分析法研究‘黄山大叶种’茶园和‘农抗早’茶园天敌与小贯小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii 空间关系密切程度,以地统计学法的结果为标准,以其前3位天敌粽管巢蛛Clubiona japonicola、斜纹猫蛛Oxyopes sertatus和鳞纹肖蛸Tetragnatha squamata的位次之和为据,根据位次差别评论5种研究方法研究结果的一致性。聚块样方方差分析方法研究结果与地统计学方法的结果差别较小,其次是扩散系数法和模糊相似优先比法,空间生态位重叠指数法研究结果与地统计学方法的结果差别较大。按照天敌与小贯小绿叶蝉空间关系密切程度位次分析,粽管巢蛛、斜纹猫蛛和鳞纹肖蛸是与小贯小绿叶蝉空间关系密切的前3种天敌。本文是对多种研究方法研究结果一致性进行比较的一种尝试,为分析天敌与害虫空间关系选择研究方法提供参考。     

Goat horns: Platforms for viroid transmission to fruit trees?

Mechanical inoculations with contaminating tools and propagation of infected budwood were considered the main causes for the omnipresence of multiple viroid species among citrus and other Middle Eastern and Mediterranean fruit trees and grapevines. However, neither means could explain viroid infections of wild trees — scattered on terrains inaccessible to humans — nor the finding of similar viroids among graft-incompatible plants. Northern hybridization of RNA extracts made of scrapings from the surfaces of goat (Capra hircus) horns that were rubbed against etrog (Citrus medica) stems infected with a citrus viroids complex, revealed accumulation of considerable amounts ofCitrus exocortis viroids (CEVd) andHop stunt viroids (HSVd). Experimental transmission of both CEVd and HSVd was obtained by rubbing healthy citrus plants with goat horns that had been rubbed 24 h earlier on infected etrog stems. These results implicate goats as possible vectors of viroids. Transmissionvia goats could have facilitated the long-range spread of viroids among cultivated and wild plants andvice versa and also among graft-incompatible plants.     

利用贴牌水培法快速鉴定稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性水平

本文通过室内贴牌水培法及整株法,快速鉴定并验证了2013年采自湖南省不同地区稻田的50个稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性,试验结果表明:贴牌水培法所用的二氯喹啉酸甄别剂量为80mg/L;稗草死亡率越低,其抗性倍数(resistance factor,RF)越高,其中死亡率为0时,整株法测定的RF值高达896.07~1 209.38;贴牌水培法测定的稗草样本对二氯喹啉酸的ED50远低于整株法,但两种方法得到的不同稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗性水平趋势高度吻合。笔者认为以贴牌水培法测定的死亡率小于40%的稗草样本对二氯喹啉酸的抗性风险较高,值得深入研究。     

半干旱栽培稻田不同秸秆覆盖材料的产量效应

采用田间观测的方法,分析了不同覆盖材料对半干旱栽培条件下杂交水稻田间茎蘖数、干物质积累和土壤水分的影响,探讨了不同覆盖材料的产量效应。结果表明:(1)在川西北丘陵旱区进行秸秆覆盖有利于增加非灌溉期田间土壤贮水量,提高田间茎蘖数;秸秆腐烂所释放的养分,缓解了稻田磷钾供应相对不足的现状,有效提高了杂交稻的结实率、有效穗数和千粒重;覆盖处理稻田0~0.5 m土层贮水量较不覆盖处理增加2%~13%,田间茎蘖数增加4%~15%,有效穗数增加4%~8%,结实率增加3%~7%,千粒重增加0.6%~1.7%。(2)在灌溉水源没有保证的丘陵旱区,将半干旱栽培与秸秆覆盖相结合,可有效提高杂交水稻产量。冈优725和D优363实收产量平均值在油菜荚壳覆盖、麦草覆盖和麦糠覆盖处理下分别较对照增加10.2%、7.0%和7.7%。     

新疆奎屯河流域平原区生态需水研究

新疆奎屯河流域地处我国西北干旱区,随着人口增加和经济发展,国民经济需水与生态需水已成为流域水资源开发利用和生态环境保护的主要矛盾。因此,为了实现奎屯河流域水资源的可持续利用及国民经济的可持续发展,急需对生态需水进行研究。本文以流域社会经济与生态环境协调发展为目标,分析了奎屯河流域存在的主要生态环境问题,在干旱区生态需水概念与分类的基础上,给出了奎屯河流域生态需水的界定范围。在此前提下,从流域生态环境现状及未来需求出发,采用不同的计算方法,对流域生态需水进行了计算,可为流域水资源优化配置及生态环境建设提供科学的依据。结果表明:奎屯河流域生态需水达5.65×108m3,占流域水资源总量16.98×108m3的33.3%,占径流总量15.41×108m3的36.7%。其中天然绿洲生态需水为2.41×108m3,占生态需水的43%;人工绿洲生态需水达3.24×108m3,占生态需水的57%。