不同风沙土壤颗粒的分形特征

应用土壤颗粒的重量与粒径分布原理来描述了古尔班通古特沙漠地风沙土壤颗粒的分形特征。通过对10种样品颗粒的机械组成进行分析,分别计算出了它们的分形维数(D=2.3237～2.9347),并分析了其与流动风沙土、半固定风沙土和固定风沙土之间的关系。分析结果表明,风沙土壤结构具有明显的分形特征,其粒径分布分形维数为2～3。土粒表面分形维数与2～0.2mm间的土粒含量存在显著的负相关;而与0.02～0.002mm和<0.002mm的颗粒含量存在显著的正相关,表现为随着土壤质地从流动风沙土、半固定风沙土到固定风沙土的变化,其土粒表面的平均分形维数呈依次增高。土粒表面分形维数与三种典型风沙土壤有机质含量为极显著正相关,而与其硬度为显著负相关。     

长期施肥下灰漠土有机碳组分含量及其演变特征

采用湿筛和重液悬浮的物理分组方法分析了18年不同施肥模式下灰漠土有机碳组分含量差异及其演变特征。结果表明:与不施肥相比,长期有机无机肥配施(NPKM和1.5 NPKM)增加各有机碳组分的效果最显著,且粗和细自由颗粒有机碳、物理保护有机碳、矿物结合有机碳增加速率最高,平均分别达到0.12、0.06、0.08及0.17g/(kg.a);秸秆还田使粗和细自由颗粒有机碳分别以0.05和0.03 g/(kg.a)的速率增加,而撂荒和施化肥维持着各有机碳组分的含量。不同有机碳组分间存在显著的相关性,其中以粗自由颗粒有机碳含量增幅最高,不同施肥模式下平均增幅是其它有机碳组分的2.18~.0倍;以矿物结合有机碳所占比例最高,达到56.9%7~7.8%,说明粗自由颗粒有机碳对施肥较敏感,而矿物结合有机碳是灰漠土固存有机碳的主要形式。综上分析,长期有机无机肥配施是提高灰漠土有机碳组分含量和培肥土壤的有效模式。     

河西灌漠土钾素状况及当季施肥效应

多点调查表明，河西灌漠土全钾比70年代末平均降低了24.4%，速效钾平均下降了41.2%。剖面分布为：耕作层全钾平均为1.30%，20～60cm土层平均1.27%～1.38%，底土平均1.26%；缓效钾平均为946～1 006mg/kg，剖面差异不大；速效钾 0～20cm土层为145mg/kg，20～100cm平均101～114mg/kg。春小麦、玉米、甜菜、洋芋单作当季施钾均无明显增产效应；带田玉米施化学钾肥增产8.5%，施土粪增产9.7%～11.3%，但增效不稳定。     

精河县荒漠林鼠害猛禽天敌招引初报

设立了栖架和人造巢箱招引猛禽防治荒漠林鼠害，初步结果表明：猛禽对栖架的利用率依季节不同，可达40％～90％．栖架下发现大量猛禽的吐物，其中含有害鼠的骨骼和毛发；至少一种猛禽——红隼(Falco tinnunculus)可在人造巢箱中繁殖：初步调查表明在非繁殖季节，猛禽对栖架的利用表现为广利用、低频率的特点，在繁殖季节则表现为高频率、局限性而形成明显巢区。     

沙漠光伏的热力平衡效应及其防沙治沙的生态学意义

以甘肃古浪振发光伏电场为例,对比分析了光伏电场内外气温、风速、太阳辐射等的差异及其变化特征.结果 表明:①沙漠光伏可大量转化太阳辐射,有效调节沙漠地表热力平衡,消减沙尘暴发生的动力(即地表热力);②河西走廊沙尘暴主要发生在春季,沙漠光伏对春季10m高度降温作用较明显;③沙漠光伏主要是通过转换太阳辐射降低沙面气温和自身的...     

新疆平原荒漠草甸盐土微生物学特性研究

本文报道广对新疆平原荒漠草甸盐土微生物学特性的研究．结果表明：新疆平原荒漠草甸盐土中分布的微生物数以细菌占绝对优势，占总菌数的９９．８％．０＝～４０ｃｍ土层是该类土壤微生物数量分布及生物学活性最大的区域．土壤微生物呈现明显的季节性变化规律．氮素生理群微生物氨化细菌最多，芽孢细菌次之，硝化细菌极少，好气固氮菌未测定到．平原荒漠草甸盐土中各类微生物的数量及分布密度均低于同地区的耕地土壤．     

刈割处理对贝加尔针茅草原植物生长与繁殖状况的影响 I、当年处理的效果及对返青状况的影响

在内蒙古锡林郭勒高原东部的贝加尔针茅草原上，选择丘间宽阔平地设置研究样地，在围栏封闭条件下，以群落为研究对象，采用固定双样方随机区组的方法，于1998年5月－1999年9月，对植物进行了不同强度和不同时间的刈割研究，观察植物营养生长和生殖生长因不同处理而发生的变化，从而判断对整个群落植物生长与繁殖的影响。结果表明，从群落主要种到整个草群，其处理当年及返青后的高度、盖度、植株数量等指标基本上随刈割强度加大和刈割时间推后而降低，繁殖活动状态也是依相同的顺序而变差，1年1次处理的效果即很明显且有残效。为合理安排草地的利用计划提供了参考依据。     

Analysis of root fractal characteristics in remote areas of the Taklimakan desert, China

Fractal geometry is a potential new approach to analyze the root architecture, which may offer improved ways to quantify and summarize root system complexity as well as yield ecological and physiological insights into the functional relevance of specific architectural patterns. Fractal analysis is a sensitive measure of root branching intensity and fractal dimension expresses the ＂space filling＂ properties of a structure. The objective of this study was to find out the fractal characteristics of root systems in a remote area of the Taklimakan desert in China. The entire root system of two naturally occurring species were excavated and exposed with shov- els in 2007. The species were Tamarix taklamakanensis and Calligonum roborovskii. A one-factorial ANOVA with species as factor showed statistically a highly significant difference in fractal dimensions, indicating differences in their pattern of root branching. There was no relationship between root diameter and two parameters of fractal root models a and q, representing general characteris- tics of root systems, for either species （a： the ratio of the sum of root cross-sectional areas after a branching to the cross-sectional area before root division; q： the distribution of the cross-sectional areas after branching）. We have found significant linear relation- ships between the diameter after branching and root length and biomass respectively, because of the self-similarity of root branching. Branching rules are the same for roots of all sizes and lengths. Root biomass for the root systems of entire trees can be estimated by measuring the diameter of each root at the base of the trunk or the diameter after branching. We have shown that the diameter of each root at the base of the trunk and the diameter after branching are effective indices that can be measured easily in order to estimate the root lengths, biomass and other parameters of root architecture.     

The Relationship Between Plant Community Characteristics and Soil Organic Matter Content of Sedentary Grazing Pastures in a Typical Steppe

In order to discuss the relationship between the characteristics of plant communities and the content of topsoil organic matter under the condition of two-season sedentary grazing, authors of this paper selected a Stipa krylovii steppe for research and studied the plant community characteristics and the topsoil organic matter content. The results showed that in the sedentary grazing area, the perennial plant species decreased, the annual plant species increased, and the topsoil organic matter content decreased. There were a negative correlation between plant biomass and topsoil organic matter content, and a positive correlation between total coverage and topsoil organic matter content. The change of plant community characteristics in the sedentary grazing area was related to the implementation of the system of transferring the pasture use rights to the herdsmen and controlled grazing.     

2006—2014 年民勤4 种典型荒漠群落结构 及物种多样性变化研究

根据2006—2014 年民勤荒漠植物4 个样区36 个样方调查数据,对该区沙蒿、梭梭、麻黄和白刺4种典型荒漠植物群落结构及物种多样性进行分析。结果表明：该区群落结构简单,物种相对单一且数量较少,植物都是以较低的芽位适应生境条件;灌木层物种的变化不大,草本层物种有所增加;多样性指数沙蒿群落、梭梭群落和白刺群落的略有增加,而麻黄群落略有减小;该区群落结构和物种多样性的变化主要由于草本层的物种变化引起。了解和掌握民勤荒漠植物群落的结构和物种多样性变化规律,对于推动干旱荒漠区植被恢复和物种多样性的保护提供依据。