文拉法新与氯米帕明治疗抑郁症的Meta分析

目的：比较文拉法新与氯米帕明治疗抑郁症的疗效及副作用。方法：检索中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）及中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP）,时间截至2010年5月31日。纳入文拉法新与氯米帕明比较治疗抑郁症病人的随机对照试验。结果：共纳入16个随机对照试验,研究对象1158例。Meta分析结果显示：文拉法新与氯米帕明相比治疗病人的有效率较高［OR=1.34,95%CI(1.02,1.75)］,两组病人治疗后痊愈率无统计学差异［OR=1.24,95%CI(0.97,1.58)］,治疗后两组病人头晕、头痛、口干、便秘发生率差异有统计学意义,［OR=0.30,95%CI(0.19,0.49)］、［OR=0.60,95%CI(0.38,0.96)］、［OR=0.16,95%CI(0.12,0.23)］、［OR=0.21,95%CI(0.14,0.32)］。恶心呕吐发生率无统计学意义［OR=0.89,95%CI(0.56,1.41)］。结论：文拉法新治疗抑郁症有效率高于氯米帕明,头晕、头痛、口干、便秘发生率低于氯米帕明。     

围绝经期抑郁症三种治疗方法的比较

目的 :观察三种治疗方法对围绝经期抑郁症患者的疗效。方法 :对围绝经期患者出现焦虑与抑郁情况进行评估 ,行SDS评分。将确诊为抑郁症的 12 0例随机分为 3组 :激素连续性序贯治疗组 (A组 )、心理治疗加氟西汀治疗组(B组 )、心理治疗加氟西汀及激素连续序贯治疗组 (C组 )各 4 0例 ,疗程均为 3个月。治疗 3个月后行HDRS评分 ,了解治愈情况。结果 :C组疗效明显优于A、B组 ,均差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1,0 .0 5 ) ;A组和B组的疗效比较则差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :采用C组治疗方法对围经期抑郁症患者疗效良好且疗效肯定 ,值得推广。     

The Role of epistasis in controlling seed yield and other agronomic traits in an Andean × Mesoamerican cross of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Epistasis is a pervasive phenomenon in biology. Nevertheless, attempts at identifying epistatic interactions with quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we attempt to determine the genetic control of outbreeding depression and the possible role of epistasis following a wide cross in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A recombinant inbred population, derived from a cross between Andean and Mesoamerican common bean cultivars, was evaluated in two markedly contrasting environments. A low-density linkage map based on AFLPs was used to locate QTLs for the number of days to maturity, average daily biomass and seed yield accumulation, and harvest index. Both independently acting and digenic epistatic QTLs of similar magnitude were identified. A majority of the loci involved in these epistatic interactions did not have an independent effect. Although we did find evidence for strong epistatic control of the traits investigated, we also found, in contrast to other recent studies, that there was no evidence for a bias toward coadapted gene complexes at the level of digenic epistasis. We discuss these results in relation to the role of epistasis in the evolutionary history of the species and methodological difficulties in detecting epistasis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparison of homozygous and heterozygous self-compatible seedlings in an almond breeding programme

Homozygous self-compatible almond cultivars have not been reported. It is unclear if they are more inferior than heterozygotes or simply have not yet been detected. To investigate if homozygous individual are generally inferior, the self-compatibility genotype, homozygous or heterozygous, was determined by stylar ribonuclease assay in a population of 241 almond trees obtained by self-fertilisation of self-compatible selections. The resulting zymograms showed that 129 of the seedlings were homozygous and 112 heterozygous. For three years the differences observed between these two classes of self-compatible individuals were analysed with respect to 16 agronomic characteristics. In general, there were no important differences between the two classes. Both showed a low degree of productivity, probably as a result of their inbred origin. Some selected homozygous individuals were used in crosses, which were planned so as to ensure the self-compatibility of 100% of the descendants and to eliminate the laborious task of testing the seedlings for self-compatibility. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Heterosis and inbreeding depression in forage rape (Brassica napus L.)

Summary Heterosis and inbreeding depression for total fresh and dry weights were studied over two seasons in 15 crosses of six cultivars of forage rape (Brassica napus L.). Some of the hybrids exhibited considerable heterosis over both mid-parent and better parent; followed by depression in the F₂. The cross Windal × Canard had 62% and 25% greater dry matter yield over the best cultivar used in this experiment in 1978 and 1979, respectively. Possibilities of the utilization of this hybrid superiority are discussed.     

南方白菜型油菜自交衰退和杂种优势利用方式的研究

以连续自交三代的南方白菜型油菜品种为材料进行自交、兄妹交、姐妹系间交和开放授粉，观察自交后代衰退程度及杂交后代优势程度。结果表明南方白菜型油菜自交严重衰退、连续自交四代，其主要农艺性状与开放授粉或与姐妹系间的后代差异达显著或极显著水平。自交后代纯合性越好，则杂交Ｆ１优势率越大。同一种繁殖方式，杂交Ｆ１优势率与亲本的一般配合力有关。     

海湾扇贝自交家系的建立和自交效应

以1992年12月从加拿大引种到中国、以群体交配的方式在中国繁养了7代的海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)为材料，随机选取15个性腺发育成熟的个体，分为A、B、C3组，分别通过自体受精建立15个自交家系，每组设各自混群对照。结果表明，海湾扇贝自体交配家系的受精率较高，并与对照组相近；但孵化率变化较大，15个自交系的孵化率变化范围为1．35％～68．23％，平均为31．44％。自交家系F。面盘幼虫的生长速率明显低于对照组，附着变态时间也迟于对照。在15个自交家系中有14个获得成体子代，共1311个个体，但各家系间差异很大，从13个到186个不等。自交家系子代个体可以发育到性成熟并可繁殖F2，证明通过自交培育海湾扇贝家系在技术上可行。方差分析表明，除A组自交家系体重与其对照差异不显著(P≥0．05)外，其余绝大多数自交家系和对照组相比，在壳长、壳高和体重方面的差异显著(P≤0．05)或极显著(P≤0．01)。本研究还表明，海湾扇贝的自交可导致自交衰退，表现为发育迟缓和个体小型化。在面盘幼虫阶段自交衰退率为25．9％，成体阶段平均为12．7％。     

光合产物累积对大豆光合午休的影响

研究了大豆在开花期、结荚期和鼓粒期的光合日变化及叶片中淀粉和可溶性糖含量的日变化。结果表明,结荚期和鼓粒期大豆的光合作用有午休产生,而在开花期没有发现午休现象。但是在这三个不同生育期中叶片的可溶性糖和淀粉含量的日变化却表现出相同的趋势,它们的变化与大豆光合午休之间没有必然联系。用去荚和去叶方法改变大豆植株库源比后,对大豆光合午休产生与否没有影响。实验结果表明,大豆叶片中碳水化合物的累积不是造成光合午休的原因。     

Causal relationships between inbreeding, seed characteristics and plant performance in leek (Allium porrum L.)

Leek (Allium porrum L.) is an important outdoor vegetable in West Europe, where it is cultivated on about 30,000 ha. Most commercial cultivars of leek are open pollinated. One of the major problems with the crop is poor uniformity. Leek is an outbreeding species with up to 20% self-fertilisation. Much of the variation of open pollinated cultivars is explained by the strong sensitivity to in breeding depression after selfing. In this study we attempt to analyse in a systematic way the relationship between degree of selfing and agricultural performance in leek. The results obtained confirm a negative correlation between selfing and somea gricultural aspects important for vigour such as seedling emergence, plant growth and plant fresh yield. Also negative correlations between degree of selfing and seed individual weight and between selfing and seed individual size were found. The negative relationship between inbreeding and plant weight at harvest is further confirmed in an experiment in which the origin (cross-pollination orself-pollination) of each individual offspring plant analysed was determined using AFLP-markers. Finally, the correlation between chlorophyll deficiency genes and the loss of vigour that follows selfing was investigated. The results obtained demonstrate a significant decrease of pigment content in two generations of selfing. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Components of genetic variation for cut-flower yield in the Davis Population of Gerbera

Summary Genetic variances for cut-flower yield in Gerbera hybrida were partitioned into additive and dominance components. Mean additive variance was 37.3 with a standard error of 12.9. Mean dominance variance was 12.7 with a standard error of 32.6. The dominance ratio was 0.34. Narrow sense heritability, estimated from these components of variance, averaged 0.42 with a standard error of 0.13. Heritabilities estimated from parent-offspring regression averaged 0.25. Gain from selection was less then expected; realized heritabilities were approximately 0.20.