灌浆期谷子净光合速率日变化及相关影响因子的研究

运用美国LI-COR公司制造的LI-6400便携式光合测定系统,研究了谷子灌浆期的净光合速率(Pn)日变化。结果表明:叶片净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈双峰型,有明显的光合午睡现象。     

反式脂肪酸降低乳脂合成的机理

乳中的反式脂肪酸直接来源于日粮脂肪或由瘤胃微生物氢化生成,本文重点介绍了反10-油酸和反10,顺12-共轭亚油酸两种不同反式脂肪酸对乳脂合成的影响,讨论了反式脂肪酸影响乳脂合成的机理,可能是反式脂肪酸通过抑制乳腺中脂肪酸合成的关键酶乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和脂肪酸合成酶的活性,进而导致乳脂合成的减少。     

盛中唐诗歌向晚唐过渡的标本——薛逢诗歌论评

薛逢诗歌在唐代诗人中算不上大家和名家，但也算独具面目的一个。薛逢诗歌艺术看似不名一状，难测其端：诗歌风格豪放与英逸交错，诗歌感情基调沉郁与雄浑间杂，诗歌语言浅俗与精警并存。而在其思想和心态表达上：盛世理想主义情怀中渗透衰世感伤，关中士族辉煌自傲中渗透没落烙印，岁月人生反复感慨中渗透个人忧愤。从中可见盛唐的理想主义、中唐的通俗化向晚唐的怀古伤今倾向的转变轨迹。从这个意义上说，薛逢的诗歌艺术形式和思想心态是盛中唐向晚唐过渡的标本，也是时代由盛而衰和诗歌变向的生动写照。     

高校大学生抑郁症的成因及预防探析

基于抑郁症的流行病学研究成果,从生物-心理-社会的整合模式分析导致大学生抑郁症的多种病因。针对可能诱发大学生抑郁症的病因,结合党和国家相关政策文件以及心理学相关研究成果,提出构建“医-校-家”三位一体的大学生抑郁症预防体系,实现育心与育德相结合、学校前置预警与医院绿色通道相结合、全员普及教育与特殊重点教育相结合、课堂主渠道与课外主阵地相结合、学校立体育人与家庭联学联动相结合,以期培养高校学生拥有健康的心态。     

Suitability of Canopy Temperature Depression in a Temperate Climate with Drought‐Stressed Winter Rye,Determined with Three Infrared Measurement Devices

Canopy temperature has been recognised as an indicator of crop water status and may thus be a useful secondary trait in selecting for yield under dry conditions. The aim of this study was to test the suitability of canopy temperature depression (CTD = T_air ? T_canopy) in a temperate climate with winter rye, by means of three infrared (IR) temperature measuring devices. In the years 2011 and 2012, 16 winter rye genotypes were examined under drought stress conditions in a rainout shelter and under well‐watered conditions. In each year, the CTD was determined several times during the growth period using two IR thermometers and an IR camera. By means of CTD, it was possible to detect drought stress and to differentiate between water regimes. The three measurement devices showed comparable results, despite greatly different costs. Under drought‐stress conditions, a significant positive correlation between grain yield and CTD was found on most measurement dates in 2011 and on some dates in 2012. When the CTD was pooled across water regimes, a significant positive correlation between grain yield and CTD was obtained on every measurement date. However, as genotypic differences for CTD were non‐existent, the correlations are less meaningful. The missing genotypic differences for CTD were rather caused by the limited genetic variability of the genotypes used in this study, than by climatic conditions. Due to this limitation, we were not able to make a concluding statement about the CTD in a temperature climate, although the results are quite promising and indicate that the CTD can potentially be used in a temperate climate.     

Relationship between inbreeding and milk production traits in two Italian dairy sheep breeds

The effects of inbreeding in livestock species breeds have been well documented and they have a negative impact on profitability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of inbreeding in Sarda (SAR, n = 785) and Valle del Belice (VdB, n = 473) dairy sheep breeds and their impact on milk production traits. Two inbreeding coefficients (F) were estimated: using pedigree (F_PED), or runs of homozygosity (ROH; F_ROH) at different minimum ROH lengths and different ROH classes. After the quality control, 38,779 single nucleotide polymorphisms remained for further analyses. A mixed-linear model was used to evaluate the impact of inbreeding coefficients on production traits within each breed. VdB showed higher inbreeding coefficients compared to SAR, with both breeds showing lower estimates as the minimum ROH length increased. Significant inbreeding depression was found only for milk yield, with a loss of around 7 g/day (for SAR) and 9 g/day (VdB) for a 1% increase of F_ROH. The present study confirms how the use of genomic information can be used to manage intra-breed diversity and to calculate the effects of inbreeding on phenotypic traits.     

Phenotypic variation and correlations between monoploids and doubled monoploids of Solanum phureja

Summary Ten anther-derived monoploids, twelve doubled monoploids and the heterozygous anther donor clone of Solanum phureja were compared for six vegetative, eight reproductive and three yield characters in the greenhouse. Significant high correlations were observed between the monoploids and their doubled monoploids for 14 of 17 characters. Therefore, doubled monoploids presumably express the same alleles as monoploids and the phenotypic expression of a monoploid can be used to predict accurately the phenotype of the derived doubled monoploid. Doubled monoploids flowered earlier and had significantly higher values than the monoploids for 15 of 17 characters, indicating a positive effect of increasing gene dosage from monoploid to diploid. Morphological traits can be used to distinguish plants of the two ploidy levels. Significant differences among clones were observed for all parameters within each ploidy level. The anther donor was not significantly different from the mean of doubled monoploids for 10 of 17 characters. For each of 14 characters, some doubled monoploids exceeded the anther donor. Therefore, doubled monoploids which do not express homozygote depression can be obtained.     

鹅掌楸属树种近交衰退分析

异交物种易发生近交衰退。为了研究濒危树种鹅掌楸天然种群的濒危机制,以鹅掌楸属树种4种人工交配类型(种间杂交、种内杂交、回交、自交)子代为材料,从表型(种子饱满度、出苗率、苗期生长量)和基因型(SSR位点)两方面分析了鹅掌楸近交衰退状况。结果表明:子代饱满度、出苗率有相同的变异趋势,种内杂交>种间杂交>回交>自交。子代苗期生长量为种间杂交>回交>种内杂交>自交。子代纯合子比率为自交>种内杂交>回交>种间杂交,表明鹅掌楸属树种近交衰退明显。同时还发现北美鹅掌楸基因杂合度高于鹅掌楸。     

Assessment of inbreeding depression for body measurements in Spanish Purebred (Andalusian) horses

Our aim was to ascertain inbreeding depression in the Spanish Purebred horses for eight body measurements. A total of 16,472 individuals were measured for height at withers, height at chest, leg length, body length, width of chest, heart girth circumference, knee perimeter and cannon bone circumference. Three different multivariate animal models including, respectively, no measure of inbreeding, individual inbreeding coefficients (F_i) or individual increase in inbreeding coefficients (ΔF_i) as linear covariates were used. Significant inbreeding depression was assessed. Even though the models including measures of inbreeding fitted better with data, no effect on estimates of genetic parameters was assessed. However, the inclusion of inbreeding measures affected the ranking order according to the Expected Breeding Values (EBV). Due to the better fit with data and nice properties (the adjustment of individual inbreeding coefficients with the pedigree depth and linear behaviour) the use of ΔF_i in the evaluation models can be recommended for morphological traits in horses.     

洞庭湖区滩地及稻田洼地资源分布研究

洞庭湖是我国第二大淡水湖,也是承接湘、资、沅、澧四水和吞吐长江洪道调蓄型湖泊。随着三峡的建成,以及全球气候的变化,湖区受到洪水及干旱季节交替变化,呈现涨水为湖,落水为洲的变化规律,稻田洼地及滩地的面积伴随着改变。但是对于其时空分布规律、与水位变化的关系及资源总量没有确切的数据。而系统地掌握其演替规律,对洞庭湖生态经济区的建设与发展意义重大。因此,本研究利用1996—2016年的18期Landsat TM遥感影像数据,提取三峡建成前后,洞庭湖区滩地及稻田洼地面积,结合城陵矶水文及气象数据,分析洞庭湖区水面、水陆交错带滩地及稻田洼地资源的时空演变规律。结果显示：湖区滩地平均面积为21.93×10⁴ hm²,空间上呈聚集型分布与湖堤内、湖岸带及三口四水的河堤内,三峡蓄水前（23.27×10⁴ hm²）较蓄水后（21.26×10⁴ hm²）减幅达8.62%,面积东洞庭（12.43× 10⁴ hm²）>南洞庭（5.71×10⁴ hm²）>西洞庭（3.80×10⁴ hm²）,与行政区划面积正相关,年际变化与湖区水位变化呈负相关的变化规律;稻田洼地平均面积为4.75×10⁴ hm²,空间上呈随机且较均匀斑块分布于湖区围湖造田后形成的堤垸及三口四水冲积而成的湖盆地内,远离湖心的区域,蓄水前（5.14×10⁴ hm²）较蓄水后（4.56×10⁴ hm²）减幅达11.34%,面积岳阳市（2.29×10⁴ hm²）>常德市（1.61×10⁴ hm²）>益阳市（0.85×10⁴ hm²）。各县级行政区划的滩地及稻田洼地在三峡建成前后减幅明显;采用Pearson相关性分析及主成分分析可知,影响滩地及稻田洼地分布因子可分为2个主成分,第一主成分为“枯水期”性状,包括冬季月平均温度、冬季水位、冬季降雨量、稻田洼地面积及冬季流量等指标;第二主成分可称“丰水期”性状,包括夏季月平均温度、夏季流量、夏季水位、滩地面积、夏季降雨量等指标,构建的分析模型较可靠,能为湖区滩地及稻田洼地综合利用提供较好的理论基础。