Workplace stress, mental health, and burnout of veterinarians in Australia

Objective To determine the frequency of the states of depression, anxiety, stress and burnout using internationally validated methods and to relate these to the demographic characteristics of veterinarians in Australia. Methods A postal survey of registered veterinarians with at least one year's experience and whose address was available; 1947 returned the questionnaire providing data for analysis. Results Overall, veterinarians describe higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress and burnout than the general population. The severity of these states was determined by gender, background, type of practice and years after graduation. Conclusions Modifying the curricula of veterinary schools to include the teaching of personal cognitive and coping skills to undergraduate veterinary students, the provision of the opportunity to enhance these skills throughout their veterinary career and changes in the veterinary workplace could result in improved mental health, increased job engagement and work satisfaction.     

兔出血症病毒形态学的研究

用氯仿抽提、PEG沉淀、Scpharosc 4B柱层析、超离及蔗糖密度梯度离心等方法纯化了兔出血症病毒。电镜下观察到兔出血症病毒粒子为无囊膜,大小为32～34nm。外观呈现独特的结构。正二十面体对称,髓蕊直径15～17nm,衣壳厚8～9nm。由内、外衣壳组成。外衣壳上按T=3排列着32个壳粒,壳粒呈中空的管状,长5～6nm,直径约4～5nm。中心孔径约2nm。有一环状呈不连续的内衣壳,厚2～3nm,内环上不连续每段约4nm,与壳粒相连。在5、3和2次轴对称时,病毒表面有大的、3个以上特征性的表面凹陷(Surfacc dcpression),这种表面凹陷呈一定的分布。呈五次轴对称时,病毒表周有10个向外管状突起。病毒表周不规则,表面含丰富的突起和大、小的凹陷(dcpression and small indentation)是兔出血症病毒形态学特点之一,其大小和形态,在动物病毒中比较类似于嵌杯样病毒。     

大豆光合日变化的不同类型及其影响因素

用同一品种在不同生育期,不同季节、不同天气以及不同生长条件下研究了大豆的光合日变化。大豆的光合日变化随气候条件,生长环境以及大豆的生育期不同而变化,不遵循一种固定不变的模式,概括起来有单峰型、双峰型、波动型和平缓型四种不同类型。大豆在春、夏、秋三季均能产生午休,土壤水分亏缺使午休加重,在结荚期以前条件适宜的情况下,大豆不易产生午休,此后随着生育期的进展,大豆午休加重,鼓粒期大豆的午休最为严重。     

Flood effect on CH4 emission from the alas in Central Yakutia,East Siberia

During four years (2006–2009), methane (CH₄) emission was measured at different biomes (dry, wet grasslands, lake and lake vegetation) of mature thermokarst depression located at the most typical thermokarst terrain on the east bank of the Lena River, Central Yakutia, Russia (62°08′N, 130°30′E). To estimate total CH₄ emission from the whole thermokarst depression ecosystem, CH₄ emissions via plant bodies and ebullition were measured in addition to diffusive CH₄ flux measurement. The lake area increased twice from 20.4 ha in 2006 to 43.3 ha in 2007 and then did not change significantly in 2008 and 2009 (46.5 and 44.4 ha, respectively). Ebullition was considered to be a minor source for CH₄ emission from the lake in the studied thermokarst depression. CH₄ emissions from the lake water surface and via the plant body of lake vegetation (hygrophyte and hydrophyte vegetation) were the main sources of CH₄ and these increased by flooding both CH₄ emission rate and area. Using spatial changes of these biomes, the annual emission of CH₄ was calculated taking into account different sources of CH₄. Total CH₄ emission from the studied alas (63.7 ha) was 5.7, 5.2, 20.1 and 50.1 Mg carbon (C) in 2006–2009, respectively, and its difference during this period reached about 10 times. An extreme increase in CH₄ emission from the lake occurred in the second year of continuous flooding (2008), which might have been caused by the decomposition of flooded organic C. So, the lake water ecosystem is the main source of CH₄ in thermokarst depression controlled by the duration of flooding. Under future global climate change, thermokarst depressions in Central Yakutia have potential for lake expansion, causing significant increase in CH₄ emission in the studied region.     

Diversity of the Icelandic goat breed assessed using population data

Abstract

The Icelandic goat breed is a closed population consisting of around 700 animals kept in 45 herds. Several population bottlenecks are known to have occurred and the population has at least twice declined below 100 animals. Here the genetic diversity of the breed was estimated using pedigree information, D-loop sequencing and microsatellite markers. The annual rate of inbreeding was estimated as 3% and the effective population size as 5.1 animals. The effective population size based on molecular markers was estimated in the range of 4.1–8.8 individuals and mtDNA D-loop sequencing identified only three haplotypes. The results presented here show the population to be highly inbred, fragmented and the level of genetic variation among the lowest found in livestock. The results will be an important input into conservation planning for the Icelandic goat.     

喀斯特峰丛洼地次生林土壤有机碳的剖面分布特征

采用样方法研究了喀斯特峰丛洼地八角枫(Alangium chinensis)、盐肤木(Rhus chinensis)、黄荆(Vitex negundo) 3种典型次生林群落土壤有机碳（SOC）含量、密度的剖面分布特征。结果表明,土壤有机碳含量与土壤根系生物量呈极显著正相关;不同次生林群落060 cm土壤有机碳平均含量和密度不同,依次为黄荆八角枫盐肤木,盐肤木的碳含量显著低于黄荆和八角枫群落,碳密度显著低于黄荆;3种次生林群落土壤碳含量和密度都与土壤深度有较好的线性关系,随土壤深度的增加而降低,2060 cm各层次的差异不显著,但均显著低于010 cm土层;不同次生林群落土壤各层次碳含量和密度均表现为为黄荆八角枫盐肤木,其中盐肤木群落1040 cm 3个层次的碳含量及2030 cm的碳密度显著低于另外2个群落。由此可见,喀斯特峰丛洼地退化生态系统合理的植被恢复方式是促进该区域生态重建和碳贮存的关键。     

从气机升降出入论癫痫

癫痫是一种发作性神经功能异常的慢性脑部疾病。本文从气机升降出入角度论癫痫,认为癫痫患者大多数具有“脏气不平”的先天因素或病理体质,其气机升降出入异常（气郁）是导致癫痫发病的关键。临床应重视肝脾同调、升降相宜,从郁、风、痰论治每获良效。本文还以“玄病”、“络病”理论为补充,论治癫痫持续状态及难治性癫痫,其实质是气机升降出入理论在人体超微结构的延伸与拓展,但相关研究仍需进一步完善发展。     

西南喀斯特峰丛洼地生态环境效应及其危害

采用岩土样分析法、编制TM遥感数据影像图法和野外调查等方法,研究了西南喀斯特典型峰丛洼地的生态效应。结果表明：与其他喀斯特地貌相比,峰丛洼地具有独特的生态环境特征,主要表现为：峰丛洼地石灰性土壤Ca、Mg的淋溶系数大,酸不溶物含量多,土壤缺乏C层,水土流失严重,植被生长受辐射逆温、日照少、温湿度时空分布不均的限制。在前期工作的基础上,编制了西南喀斯特地区碳酸盐岩分布图、石漠化分布图和峰丛洼地分布图,对这3个图的空间叠加分析发现,石漠化和峰丛洼地分布区是纯灰岩集中出露的地区,峰丛洼地分布区又是石漠化最严重的地区,石漠化是西南喀斯特峰丛洼地生态恶化的典型表现。石漠化已经成为西南喀斯特地区的灾害之源和贫困之源。     

Influence of a marine algae supplementation on the oxidative status of plasma in dairy cows during the periparturient period

This study was part of a larger study that addressed the effects of marine algae (ALG) supplementation in the ration of high yielding periparturient dairy cows. The objectives were to induce milk fat depression (MFD) in early lactation by feeding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from ALG and to determine the effects on milk production, milk components and metabolic status early post partum. This study focuses on the oxidative status in the plasma during the ALG supplementation. Plasma samples were collected from 16 Holstein Friesian cows at the day of parturition and at −1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks relative to calving with half of the cows receiving the ALG supplement (44 g DHA/d) from 3 weeks pre partum on. The following parameters were measured in plasma: ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), α-tocopherol level, glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration. There was a significant effect of time for FRAP and α-tocopherol indicating changes in the plasma oxidative status around parturition. The ALG supplementation was successful in creating a milk fat depression (MFD) but could not improve the energy balance. Feeding of ALG significantly increased lipid peroxidation as measured by TBARS, probably through their high content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.     

2017年8月24日武汉突发大暴雨天气成因分析

利用常规气象资料分析了2017年8月24日武汉局地强降水过程的成因。结果表明,此次过程中北方冷空气和南方热带低压外围的偏南气流在江淮地区交绥,形成了大尺度的对流云带,武汉正处于其中;冷暖气流交汇发生在副高控制区内,低层大气高温高湿,热带低压环流外围的偏南气流增强了这一特性;干空气从对流层高层向下入侵,增强了不稳定形势的同时,有利于下沉气流的产生和维持。