Movements and behaviors of swordfish in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans examined using pop‐up satellite archival tags

Swordfish are highly specialized top‐level predators that have been challenging to study. In this paper, data from 31 pop‐up satellite archival tags attached to swordfish from (i) the eastern Pacific, (ii) central Pacific, and (iii) western North Atlantic‐Caribbean were analyzed. Common across locations was a pronounced diel vertical pattern with daytime hours spent primarily below the thermocline and nighttime hours spent in warmer waters, close to the surface. One exception to this pattern was periodic daytime basking events which were most common in cooler waters off California. Maximum daytime depths were significantly correlated with light penetration as measured by the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm. Temperature did not appear to influence daytime depths, and swordfish tolerated both extremely low temperatures (4°C) and rapid and dramatic temperature changes (>20°C). Temperature did appear to influence the nighttime depths in the Pacific where fish typically remained in the surface mixed layer. In contrast, in the warm tropical Atlantic this was not the case, and nighttime depths were much deeper. In all areas, nighttime depth increased around the full moon. Given the parallels between the vertical movement patterns of swordfish and those of the deep sound scattering layer we suggest that swordfish vertical distribution patterns, especially during daytime, are influenced largely by resource availability. At night, when swordfish are typically targeted by fisheries, both ambient light and temperature influence movements. Understanding vertical movement patterns of swordfish can help evaluate gear vulnerability, improve population assessments, and potentially reduce fisheries bycatch.     

干旱地区土壤保墒增墒的有效措施

旱灾是制约辽西地区农业发展的重要因素。针对辽西干旱地区农业生产实际,介绍深松和坐水播种技术及其作用,并通过应用试验以验证其对土壤的保墒增墒效果。试验结果表明,在干旱条件下采用这两种技术可有效改善土壤情况,为种子发芽出苗创造适宜的环境条件。     

新型控释肥机插侧深施对江淮中稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响

基于新型控释肥的机插侧深施肥,可以实现简化施肥次数,减少施肥量,提高肥料利用率。2020年在安徽江淮水稻主产区多点试验的结果表明,基于生物基包膜控释肥（MFi）机插侧深施,江淮杂交中籼稻在常规施肥量（其中N=13.5 kg/667 m²）基础上减量20%,江淮常规中粳稻在常规施肥量（其中N=15.6 kg/667m²）基础上减量10%,或在常规施肥量（其中N=15.6 kg/667m²）基础上减量20%+1次孕穗肥,均可以实现不减产（平产或略增）,显著提高肥料利用效率。     

基于分数阶微分视频融合的森林烟火检测算法

森林火灾检测是国内外林业应用研究的重要课题之一。及时准确地检测到森林火灾,对于森林健康及环境安全意义重大。现有的利用视频技术检测森林火灾的方法大多针对单一波段,如可见光波段或红外波段的视频信息进行分析,然而在实际应用过程中,由于森林环境复杂,基于单一波段视频信息检测火灾的结果欠佳。现阶段,基于多个波段的森林火灾检测方法非常少。本文综合利用红外及可见光视频特征,提出了一种基于分数阶微分视频融合的森林烟火检测算法,将分数阶微分理论引入红外视频和可见光视频融合中,利用分数阶微分算子对两个波段视频进行融合,然后利用背景去除法检测融合视频中的异常帧,且对异常帧图像及其与背景帧的差分图像分别进行图像分割,最终得到检测出的森林烟火区域。采用空间频率、平均梯度、森林火灾检测准确率和森林火灾检测时间误差度4个测度对本文算法和基于区域能量融合算法、基于窗口方差融合算法、基于HSI变换融合算法进行定量分析和比较。结果表明,本文算法的融合视频的融合效果最佳,并且森林火灾检测准确率和森林火灾检测时间误差均明显优于其他3种算法,说明本文提出的算法具有较好的有效性和准确性,为森林火灾检测提供了有利的新途径。      

基于学习通平台的高职专业课程数字化教学资源设计与应用——以“农产品质量安全检测”课程数字化资源构建为例

随着计算机技术与网络技术的不断发展,利用网络平台进行优质数字化资源建设与整合,并加以应用,已成为高职院校教学模式改革的主要手段。综述目前高职专业课数字化教学资源建设情况,并结合超星学习通平台的特点,以“农产品质量安全检测”课程为例阐述高职院校专业课程优质数字化资源建设的设计思路、制作方法及应用方式,对于丰富教学手段、提高学生的学习兴趣和教学质量具有重要作用。     

Dissecting Genetic Basis of Deep Rooting in Dongxiang Wild Rice

Deep rooting is an important trait in rice drought resistance. Genetic resources of deep-rooting varieties are valuable in breeding of water-saving and drought-resistant rice. In the present study, 234 BC₂F₇ backcross introgression lines were derived from a cross of Dongye 80 (an accession of Dongxiang wild rice as the donor parent) and R974 (an indica restorer line as the recurrent parent). A genetic linkage map containing 1 977 bin markers was constructed by ddRADSeq for QTL analysis. Thirty-one QTLs for four root traits (the number of deep roots, the number of shallow roots, the total number of deep roots and the ratio of deep roots) were assessed on six rice chromosomes in two environments (2020 Shanghai and 2021 Hainan). Two of the QTLs, qDR5.1 and qTR5.2, were located on chromosome 5 in a 70-kb interval. They were detected in both environments. qDR5.1 explained 13.35% of the phenotypic variance in 2020 Shanghai and 12.01% of the phenotypic variance in 2021 Hainan. qTR5.2 accounted for 10.88% and 10.93% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. One QTL (qRDR2.2) for the ratio of deep roots was detected on chromosome 2 in a 210-kb interval and accounted for 6.72% of the phenotypic variance in 2020. The positive effects of these three QTLs were all from Dongxiang wild rice. Furthermore, nine and four putative candidate genes were identified in qRDR2.2 and qDR5.1/qTR5.2, respectively. These findings added to our knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in rice. In addition, this study will facilitate the future isolation of candidate genes of the deep-rooting trait and the utilization of Dongxiang wild rice in the improvement of rice drought resistance.     

基于MRE-PointNet+AE的绿萝叶片外形参数估测算法

为了准确、高效、自动获取植物叶片外形参数,提出一种基于多分辨率编码点云深度学习网络(MRE-PointNet)和自编码器模型的绿萝叶片外形参数估测算法.使用Kinect V2相机以垂直姿态获取绿萝叶片点云数据,采用直通滤波、分割、点云精简算法对数据进行预处理,通过测定的叶片外形参数反演绿萝叶片几何模型,并计算几何模型的...     

基于实例分割的白羽肉鸡体质量估测方法

针对白羽肉鸡体质量测量自动化水平低、易造成肉鸡应激的问题,提出一种结合深度学习的非接触式白羽肉鸡体质量估测方法。利用Mask R-CNN和YOLACT(You only look at coefficients) 两种实例分割算法获取白羽肉鸡位置与覆盖掩膜,并进行效果对比;采用自适应掩膜随机提取白羽肉鸡身体部分边缘点,并作为观测点进行椭圆拟合,映射白羽肉鸡背部像素投影面积;通过双变量相关性分析验证白羽肉鸡背部投影面积与体质量间的显著相关性,根据白羽肉鸡背部投影面积与背部像素投影面积的线性比例关系,按照最小二乘原则建立白羽肉鸡背部像素投影面积与体质量间的线性回归模型。试验表明,单只鸡体质量估测中以Mask R-CNN进行特征提取的体质量估测平均准确率为97.23%,以YOLACT进行特征提取的体质量估测平均准确率为97.49%,群鸡场景中体质量估测最低准确率为90.50%。     

基于序列信息的土壤CT图像超分辨率重建

受部分容积效应影响,土壤计算机断层扫描（Computed Tomography,CT）图像存在孔隙边界模糊现象,影响土壤孔隙结构研究的准确性。针对该问题,该研究提出基于序列信息的生成式对抗网络（Sequence information Generative Adversarial Network,SeqGAN）,实现土壤CT图像的超分辨率重建。针对土壤CT序列图像具有较高相似性的特点,SeqGAN法引入序列卷积块挖掘前后图像的序列信息,并将多重特征增强融合于目标图像中;利用多层残差块提取图像特征,构建残差块输入和输出的直接连接,以减少模型退化;利用对抗网络实现损失间接反馈,提高模型的特征学习能力。在序列相似性较高的土壤图像数据集验证了该方法性能。结果表明,SeqGAN法均方误差比次优方法GAN降低25%,峰值信噪比提升1.4 dB,结构相似性提升0.2%。重建的土壤图像具有较高准确率和清晰度,可为后续土壤物理学研究提供准确的数据基础。     

黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带小流域土壤水分季节变化特征与主控因素

土壤水分是黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带生态环境恢复的关键因子,具有明显的时空异质性。以水蚀风蚀交错带的代表性流域—老爷满渠小流域为对象,采用网格法(50 m×50 m)共布设了73个样点,原位观测0—5 m土壤含水率,共测定23次(2013年6月至2019年10月),通过获取每个样点的环境因子,结合经典统计、地统计、随机森林等方法,分析了小流域尺度不同土层深度(每层1 m,共5层)土壤含水率的季节变化特征与影响因素。结果表明:不同土层土壤含水率的空间分布特征和季节性变化规律不同;对于0—1 m土层,土壤含水率在夏季和冬季之间存在显著性差异(p0.05),而对于1 m以下土层,春季平均土壤含水率高于其他季节,但不显著;无论在何种季节,不同土地利用方式、壤土与砂土间的土壤含水率在3 m以上土层均存在显著差异(p0.05),而阴、阳坡的土壤含水率在所有土层均存在显著差异(p0.05);在不同季节,土壤含水率与容重和砂粒呈负相关,与其他环境因子(有机碳含量、黏粒、粉粒、有机碳密度、土地利用、坡向、土壤质地和pH)呈正相关;除有机碳密度和黏粒较为稳定外,土壤含水率与环境因子的相关性均随土层深度增加呈减少趋势;环境因子对土壤含水率空间变异的整体相对贡献表现为土壤性质地形土地利用。研究结果可为研究区深层土壤水资源管理、土壤水文观测与模拟、植被优化布局等提供参考。