合成Hg-DADPA柱分离含硒或硫化合物的研究

[目的]通过化学方法合成一种新颖的Hg-DADPA柱,用于分离和富集植物及微生物体中硫硒修饰的化合物。[方法]使用二氨基二异丙基琼脂糖(DADPA)与对氯汞苯甲酸进行反应,得到Hg-DADPA色谱柱,用不同浓度的盐酸洗脱不同位置取代的硫或硒化合物;然后,通过Hg-DADPA色谱富集大肠杆菌(E.coli)的tRNA中含硫、含硒化合物,并且鉴定。同时,测试Hg-DADPA色谱柱分离后样品回收率。[结果]合成的Hg-DADPA柱通过0.002、0.005、0.5 mol/L HCl洗脱,可以分离尿苷三磷酸(UTP)、2-硫代尿嘧啶(2-SU)、2-硒代尿嘧啶(2-Se U)和4-硒代尿苷三磷酸(4-Se UTP)混合物,回收率均在90%以上。Hg-DADPA柱从大肠杆菌K12中选择性地富集到3个含硫修饰的核苷酸,经ESI和HR-MS鉴定为鸟嘌呤-2-硫代尿嘧啶核苷酸、腺嘌呤-3-硫代尿嘧啶核苷酸和鸟嘌呤-5-甲酰-2-尿嘧啶核苷酸。[结论]合成的Hg-DADPA柱对含硒、含硫化合物有很好的分离效果,且可反复使用,从而为植物、微生物中含硒或硫有机化合物的富集、分离提供一个简便的分离材料。     

棉花花青素能量耗散过程维持光合机构稳定性分析

【目的】研究棉花花青素能量耗散过程维持光合机构稳定性。【方法】选取花青素含量差异较大的棉花为材料,测定花青素含量、光合色素含量、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、NDH介导的环式电子流活性、ATP合成酶活性、玉米黄质的合成速率等。【结果】随花青素含量升高,吸光能力逐渐增强,而净光合速率逐渐减弱,将面临较多的过剩激发能;NDH介导的环式电子流活性均逐渐增强,并且环式电子调控的ATP合成也逐渐增强;相对于无花青素的棉花,花青素存在的条件下,叶黄素循环的热耗散明显较弱,并且随花青素含量的增多,叶黄素循环的过程逐渐减弱,可能花青素的耗散能力逐渐增强。【结论】花青素能够作为一种光保护机制起到耗散过剩光能有效保护PSI和PSII。     

The role of cAMP in regulating the β-adrenergic response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) red blood cells

The -adrenergic response of teleost red blood cells (RBCs) enables the fish to maintain or even enhance the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin during various stress situations. The role of CAMP in the pronounced -adrenergic response of hypoxic rainbow trout RBCs was studied. Rainbow trout RBCs were incubated with three different -agonists (noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoproterenol, 10^–9 - 10^–4 M) at two oxygen tensions (P_{O 2}, 155 and 8 mmHg), and thereafter cAMP accumulation and cellular water content were measured.The cAMP concentration of non-stimulated trout RBCs was ca. 1200 nmol/kg dw. Of the three -agonists used, isoproterenol was the most effective in formation of cAMP, followed by noradrenaline and adrenaline. Oxygen tension affected the accumulation of cAMP in two ways. At physiological catecholamine levels (1–100 nM) there was either no difference between normoxic and hypoxic cells or a slight increase in the normoxic ones. At high catecholamine concentrations the accumulation of cAMP was greater in the hypoxic than in the normoxic cells. Oxygen tension also affected the magnitude of cell swelling but had no effect on the catecholamine concentrations causing half-maximal swelling (EC₅₀-values). The results indicate that, at physiological catecholamine levels, the -adrenergic response of rainbow trout RBCs is mainly regulated on the level of the Na⁺/H⁺ exchange.     

Cyclic Creep Constitutive Model of Magnesium Alloy at High Temperature

With high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent technological properties, Magnesium Alloy plays a more and more important role in automotive industry. But the inferior high temperature creep resistance limited its application to power components such as engine and transmission cases. In order to investigate the cyclic creep behavior of Magnesium Alloy at high temperature, creep tests of plate specimens AM50 were conducted. Through the analysis about the microstructure and defects of AM50, an isotropic and scalar damage parameter was introduced into an existing creep constitutive model. Furthermore, a Fortran code based on numerical algorithm was developed to simulate plasticity, cyclic creep, and recovery phenomenon observed. Comparisons between calculated results and experimental data show good agreement.     

Some aspects of purinergic signaling in the ventricular system of porcine brain

Background

Numerous signaling pathways function in the brain ventricular system, including the most important - GABAergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic signaling. Purinergic signalization system - comprising nucleotide receptors, nucleotidases, ATP and adenosine and their degradation products - are also present in the brain. However, the precise role of nucleotide signalling pathway in the ventricular system has been not elucidated so far. The aim of our research was the identification of all three elements of purinergic signaling pathway in the porcine brain ventricular system.

Results

Besides nucleotide receptors on the ependymocytes surface, we studied purines and pyrimidines in the CSF, including mechanisms of nucleotide signaling in the swine model (Sus scrofa domestica). The results indicate presence of G proteins coupled P2Y receptors on ependymocytes and also P2X receptors engaged in fast signal transmission. Additionally we found in CSF nucleotides and adenosine in the concentration sufficient to P receptors activation. These extracellular nucleotides are metabolised by adenylate kinase and nucleotidases from at least two families: NTPDases and NPPases. A low activity of these nucleotide metabolising enzymes maintains nucleotides concentration in ventricular system in micromolar range. ATP is degraded into adenosine and inosine.

Conclusions

Our results confirm the thesis about cross-talking between brain and ventricular system functioning in physiological as well as pathological conditions. The close interaction of brain and ventricular system may elicit changes in qualitative and quantitative composition of purines and pyrimidines in CSF. These changes can be dependent on the physiological state of brain, including pathological processes in CNS.     

采用粉末微电极循环伏安法估测锂离子电池炭负极材料的循环性能

阐明了采用粉末微电极循环伏安法估测锂离子电池(LIB)炭负极材料的循环性能的原理．采用该法研究了经高温热处理后具有良好贮锂结构的石油焦试样在1mol／L LiClO4／EC DEC(1：1)电解液中的循环性能．实验结果表明，该试样是一种循环性能优越的LIB负极材料：充、放电到第500循环时，放电容量仍保持了最大放电容量的85．02％，充、放电效率为94．96％；同时也证明了粉末微电极循环伏安法用于估测LIB炭负极材料的循环性能的可行性．     

北京市发展循环农业的问题及对策建议

循环农业是发展循环经济,促进可持续发展的重要内容。笔者以探讨北京市发展循环农业的现实意义为出发点,结合北京市资源紧缺、农业面源污染严重、畜牧业生产排污量大、产业关联性不强等农业生产与农村环境中存在的现实问题,遵照循环经济理论及经验,提出北京市发展循环农业的相关建议。     

Effects of Cyclic Electron Flow Inhibitor （Antimycin A） on Photosystem Photoinhibition of Sweet Pepper Leaves upon Exposure to Chilling Stress Under Low Irradiance

In chloroplast, there were two pathways involved in the cyclic electron flow around photosystem 1 （PS 1）. One was the NADH dehydrogenase （NDH）-dependent flow and the other was the ferredoxin quinone reductase-dependent flow. It was proposed that the NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow around PSI was related to the xanthophyll cycle-dependent non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） at chilling temperature under low irradiance （CL）. The function of the chloroplastic cyclic electron flow around PS 1 was examined by comparing sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） control with its antimycin A （AA）-fed leaves upon exposure to CL stress. During CL stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS2 （Fv/Fm） decreased markedly in both controls and AA-fed leaves, and P700＋ was also lower in AA-fed leaves than in controls. These results implied that cyclic electron flow around PS 1 functioned to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from CL stress. Under such stress, NPQ and PS2-driven electron transport rate were different between AA-fed leaves and controls. The lower NPQ in AA-fed leaves might be related to an inefficient proton gradient across thylakoid membranes （ApH） because of inhibiting cyclic electron flow around PS 1 under CL stress.     

植物CNGC功能研究进展

从结构上看,环状核苷酸门控离子通道（CNGC）是孔-环阳离子通道的超家族,广泛存在于动植物中。根据系统亲缘关系,拟南芥CNGC家族可分为5个亚家族群,它们在抗病、花粉管生长、抗冷热胁迫、抵抗重金属离子毒害和抗盐抗旱等多种信号途径中发挥重要作用, 协助植物细胞应对各种生物与非生物胁迫。主要对CNGC基因家族的结构和生物学功能进行综述性介绍,并对近年来关于该基因家族的最新研究进展进行系统阐述,为深入理解CNGC基因家族在植物生长和发育过程中的重要作用提供帮助。